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UNDERSTANDING THE BRAIN PARTS, ITS PROCESSES, AND ITS FUNCTIONS

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Brain is one of the most complex organs in the human body, which is part of the central nervous system, including the spinal cord. Brain has three main regions – the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain.

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The Forebrain is located in the uppermost region of the brain. It includes the cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus, and the limbic system. Cerebrum is the largest part of the brain covered by the cerebral cortex.

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Cerebrum regulates senses, memory, emotions, intellectual activities, and body movement, while the Cerebral Cortex is responsible for processing information that is divided into two hemispheres: the right cerebral hemisphere controls the left side of the body while the left cerebral hemisphere controls the right side of the body.

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Each cerebral hemisphere contains four lobes that shares complex relationships together to function. These are the Frontal Lobe, Parietal Lobe, Temporal Lobe, and Occipital Lobe

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is situated at the front part of the brain which controls memory, emotion, stress response, speech, decision making, and planning

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is situated near the back of the frontal lobe which regulates sensory perception.

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is located at the side of the head which regulates memory, hearing, and comprehension.

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is situated at the back of the head which regulates sight.

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Thalamus

is connected to the cerebral cortex that sends, receives, and organize information.

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Hypothalamus

is located below the thalamus and above the brainstem which links the nervous system with the endocrine system that regulates digestive process and is also responsible for growth and development.

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Limbic System

composes parts of cerebral cortex and hypothalamus which regulates various types of emotions that affect blood temperature and blood pressure facilitated by the hypothalamus.

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The Midbrain

is located between the forebrain and hindbrain It is responsible for motor movements particularly the visual and auditory processing.

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The Hindbrain

is situated at the back of the head which includes Cerebellum that receives information from the sensory system and the spinal cord to regulate balance, postures, and coordinate movement.

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The midbrain and hindbrain form the brainstem. Brainstem is located at the lower part of the brain which leads to spinal cord. The brainstem connects the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord.

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It composes nerve fibers that carry signals to and from all parts of the body. Basically, its functions are for safety and survival as it regulates breathing, consciousness, heart rate, body temperature, blood pressure, digestion, and wake and sleep cycles.

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GROUP

QUIZ

Write the letter of the correct answer. Erasure means wrong.

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1.Which of the following is the largest part of the brain that regulates senses, memory, emotions, intellectual activities, and body movement?

Cerebellum

B. Hindbrain

C. Cerebrum

D. Midbrain

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2.Which of the following covers the cerebrum and regulates the processing of information?

A. Cerebral Cortex

B. Cerebellum

C. Cerebrum

D. Brainstem

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3.Which of the following is within the forebrain that regulates various types of emotions?

A. Cerebral Cortex

B. Hypothalamus

C. Limbic System

D. Thalamus

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4.Which of the following is located in the hindbrain that regulates balance, postures, and coordinates movement?

Limbic System

B. Cerebellum

C. Cerebrum

D. Brainstem

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5.Which of the following connects the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord that carry signals to and from all parts of the body?

Hypothalamus

B. Left hemisphere

C. Cerebellum

D. Brainstem

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