Group Formation

Module I

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• Two or more persons in interaction constitute a social group. It has common aim.
• A group is a collection of individuals but all collectivities do not constitute a social group.

INTRODUCTION (What is Group?)

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Group… two or more individuals interacting with each other to accomplish a common goal

Team… a group of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common mission, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable

Groups and Teams are Not the Same

Teams start out as groups,�but not all groups mature into teams

INTODUCTION

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Minimum requirements�for a group to exist

Two or more individuals

A common goal to be accomplished

Some form of exchange or communication�between these individuals

Members listen well & participate

Group aware of its operation & function

NATURE OF A EFFECTIVE GROUP

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1. Mutual Awareness:

The members of a social group must be mutually related to one another. A more aggregate of individuals cannot constitute a social group unless reciprocal awareness exist among them. Mutual attachment, is therefore, regarded as its important and distinctive feature. It forms an essential feature of a group.

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CHARACTERSTICES OF A GROUP

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2. One or more Common Interests:

Groups are mostly formed for the fulfillment of certain interests. The individuals who form a group should possess one or more than one common interests and ideals. It is for the realization of common interests that they meet together. Groups always originates, starts and proceed with a common interests.

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CHARACTERSTICES OF A GROUP

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3. Sense of Unity:

Each social group requires sense of unity and a feeling of sympathy for the development of a feeling or sense of belongingness. The members of a social group develop common loyalty or feeling of sympathy among themselves in all matters because of this sense of unity.

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CHARACTERSTICES OF A GROUP

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4. ‘We’-feeling:

A sense of we-feeling refers to the tendency on the part of the members to identify themselves with the group. They treat the members of their own group as friends and the members belonging to other groups as outsiders. They cooperate with those who belong to their groups and all of them protect their interests untidily. We-feeling generates sympathy, loyalty and fosters cooperation among members.

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CHARACTERSTICES OF A GROUP

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5. Similarity of Behaviour:

For the fulfillment of common interest, the members of a group behave in a similar way. Social group represents collective behaviour. The-modes of behaviour of the members on a group are more or less similar.

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CHARACTERSTICES OF A GROUP

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6. Group Norms:

Each and every group has its own ideals and norms and the members are supposed to follow these. He who deviates from the existing group-norms is severely punished. These norms may be in the form of customs, folk ways, mores, traditions, laws etc. They may be written or unwritten. The group exercises some control over its members through the prevailing rules or norms.

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CHARACTERSTICES OF A GROUP

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Classification of Groups

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Formal Groups

official or assigned groups gathered to perform various tasks

Informal Groups

groups that evolve in the work setting to meet need not met by formal groups.

In both, ethnic, gender, cultural and

interpersonal diversity is critical

Types of Groups

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Types of Groups

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Amity Institute of Behavioural & Allied Sciences

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Types of groups

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A formal group is created within an organization to complete a specific role or task. This may be to oversea a launch of a particular product or service.

Informal groups are established by individuals within the organization that a need to interact with one another and who also believe that these informal groups meet a need that formal groups.

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Classification of groups

A formal Group (Command Group) It is composed of the individuals who report directly to a given manager.

A formal Group (Task Group) It is usually formed to solve a problem. It is comprised of the employees who work together to complete a particular task.

Informal Group (Interest Group) People working together to attain a specific objective with which each is concerned.

Informal Group (Friendship group) People brought together because they share one or more common characteristics.

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• Groups are formed based on…
• Social needs
• Security needs
• Esteem needs
• Proximity
• Attraction
• Group goals
• Economic benefits

Why People Form Groups

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Social Benefits of Groups

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Stages of Group Formation

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Stages of Group Formation

This model is given by Tuckman & Jenson (1965).

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• Definition: Stage 1 groups are generally new groups that are learning how to work together.

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• Characteristics of stage 1 groups: Members tend to be tentative and polite and to have little conflict.

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• Critical skills and activities: Stage 1 groups need to identify their purpose, develop group norms, identify group processes, define roles, build relationships and trust.

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• Role of facilitator/leader: Stage 1 groups usually need a strong leader who can help the group go through its forming activities.

Stage One: Forming

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• Definition: Stage 2 groups have moved past the early forming stages and are now encountering some disagreements and/or conflict. This is natural, but groups need to find effective ways to handle conflict before they can move on to stage 3.

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• Group characteristics: Members of stage 2 groups tend to exhibit increased conflict, less conformity and “jockeying” for power.

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• Critical skills and activities: Stage 2 groups need to learn how to resolve conflict; clarify their roles, power, and structure; and build consensus through re-visiting purpose.

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• Role of leader(s): Stage 2 groups need leaders and other group members who are willing to identify issues and resolve conflict.

Stage Two: Storming

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• Definition: Stage 3 groups have successfully moved out of the storming stage and are ready to move to a higher level of communication and problem-solving.

• Group characteristics: Members of stage 3 groups demonstrate an improved ability to complete tasks, solve problems, resolve conflict.

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• Critical skills and activities: Stage 3 groups need to learn to engage in more sophisticated problem-solving and decision-making, continue the use of effective strategies for conflict resolution and take greater levels of responsibility for their roles

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• Role of leader(s): In stage 3, leaders become less directive, group members feel empowered, and multiple leaders emerge

Stage Three: Norming

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• Definition: Stage 4 groups are at the highest level of performance and can process their strengths and weaknesses while accomplishing their goals.

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• Group characteristics: In stage 4, the group takes a flexible approach to roles and structures depending on the task at hand. The group is able to evaluate its effectiveness and views conflict is viewed as an opportunity. Stage 4 groups tend to be energetic, creative, and fun!

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• Critical skills and activities: Stage 4 groups need to hold high expectations for their performance.. groups also recognize the need to ensure that all members are in agreement with the role and purpose of sub-groups.

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• Role of Leader: In a stage 4 group, it’s often difficult to identify the leader, because everyone is sharing in leadership.

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Stage Four: Performing

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The final stage of group formation is another bookend to initial stage of forming. The transforming or adjourning stage allows the group to regroup, thanks to group-members and move on at the completion of project or task. This stage is marked by recognition by group leader, conclusion and disengagement by the group members.

Stage Five: Adjourning

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Doubts please!!!

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