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Parts of Speech

Created by Dr. McCormick especially for ENG 101/103

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What are “parts of speech”?

  • They are categories that describe the roles different words (or groups of words) play in a sentence.

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Some parts of speech include:

  • Subjects
  • Adjectives
  • Adverbs
  • Articles
  • Verbs
  • Prepositional Phrases

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Why learn about them?

  • English language grammar is based on parts of speech. This makes it difficult to correct errors if you aren’t aware of the different roles words play in a sentence.
  • For example, if you make an error called “subject-verb agreement,” its easier to correct if you know what a “subject” is and what a “verb” is.

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A sample sentence

  • How many parts of speech can you identify in the following sentence?
  • After hearing the doorbell, the brown dog anxiously ran to the kitchen door.

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ID the Subject (usually the noun that takes the action)

  • After hearing the doorbell, the brown dog anxiously ran to the kitchen door.

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ID the Verb (the action)

  • After hearing the doorbell, the brown dog anxiously ran to the kitchen door.

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ID the Adjectives (these describe nouns)

  • After hearing the doorbell, the brown dog anxiously ran to the kitchen door.

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ID Adverbs(these describe verbs)

  • After hearing the doorbell, the brown dog anxiously ran to the kitchen door.

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ID Articles (A, An, The)

  • After hearing the doorbell, the brown dog anxiously ran to the kitchen door.

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ID prepositions

  • After hearing the doorbell, the brown dog anxiously ran to the kitchen door.

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ID prepositional phrases

  • After hearing the doorbell, the brown dog anxiously ran to the kitchen door.

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Test yourself

  • Honesty is important.
  • A wise gardener plants efficiently.
  • Before taking speech class, the shy woman frequently avoided talking in class discussions.
  • Upon discovering that she had won the lottery, Dr. McCormick bought each of her students a laptop.

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Id the following parts of speech in these sentences :�

  • subject (s.)
  • verbs (v.)
  • adjectives (adj.)
  • adverbs (adv.)

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  • prepositional phrases (prep. phrase)
  • articles (art.)

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Sentence 1

Honesty is important.

Sub. V. Adj.

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Sentence 2

A wise gardener

art. adj. sub.

plants efficiently.

  • V adv.

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Sentence 3

Before taking speech class, the shy

Prep. Phrase. Art. Adj.

woman frequently avoided talking

      • Adv. V. --- in class discussions.

Prep. phrase

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Part 2

  • Pronouns
  • Injunctions
  • Possessives
  • Conjunctions

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Pronouns

Personal Pronouns include she, he, it, they, I, you, we, me, her, him, it, us, you and them.

Possessive Personal Pronouns include my, yours, his, hers, theirs, ours and its.

Demonstrative Pronouns: "this," "that," "these," and "those." "This" and "that"

Interrogative Pronouns: "who," "whom," "which," "what" - and all the -evers like "whomever"

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Interjections

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Part 3

  • Direct and indirect objects
  • Other secondary verbs

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Avoiding common errors

  • Subject-Verb Agreement
  • Number
  • Fragments/ incomplete sentences
  • Run-ons
  • Comma Trauma

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