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��Module V: Power to Empowerment��Individual and Teams

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Definition

  • A “five letter word”?
  • Influence?
  • Control over others?
  • Being able to get things done?

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What Is Power?

Power is a term which has been defined in different ways by different theorists because power can be used as a means of influence in different ways.

Max Weber says

“ Power is the probability that one actor within the relationship will be in a position to carry out his own will despite resistance”.

Bass & Stogdill

“Power referred to the capacity that A has to influence the behaviour so that does something that he or she would not otherwise do.”

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Why does having power matter?

With power you can…

  • Intercede (To act as mediator in a dispute) favorably on behalf of someone in trouble
  • Get a desirable placement for a talented subordinate
  • Get approval for expenditures beyond the budget
  • Get items on and off agendas
  • Get fast access to decision makers
  • Maintain regular, frequent contact with decision makers
  • Acquire early information about decisions and policy shifts

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Bases of Power

Positional Power

Legitimate Power

Reward Power

Coercive Power

Information Power

Personal Power

Expert Power

Referent Power

Charismatic Power

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Positional Power

Legitimate Power- This power emanates from an official position held by someone, be it in an organization, beurocracy or government etc. The duration of this power is short lived as a person can use it only till the time he/she holds that position, as well as, the scope of the power is small as it is strictly defined by the position held.

Reward Power- As the name suggests, this type of power uses rewards, perks, new projects or training opportunities, better roles and monetary benefits to influence people. However an interesting aspect of this type of power is that, it is not powerful enough in itself, as decisions related to rewards do not rest solely with the person promising them, because in organizations, a lot of other people come into play like senior managers and board.

Coercive Power- This kind of power involves the usage of threat to make people do what one desires. In the organizational set up, it translates into threatening someone with transfer, firing, demotions etc. it basically forces people to submit to one’s demand for the fear of losing something.

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Positional Power

Coercive Power- This kind of power involves the usage of threat to make people do what one desires. In the organizational set up, it translates into threatening someone with transfer, firing, demotions etc. it basically forces people to submit to one’s demand for the fear of losing something.

Information Power – Infrmation power comes from access to and control of information. People in an ogranization who have information that others need can make those dependent on them.For example person who access to have sensitive information like organization’s future course of action,confidential financial data, ete., can use this information to influence subordinates’ behavioural in a particular way.

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Personal Power

Expert Power- This is a personal kind of power which owes its genesis to the skills and expertise possessed by an individual, which is of higher quality and not easily available. In such a situation, the person can exercise the power of knowledge to influence people. Since, it is very person specific and skills can be enhanced with time; it has more credibility and respect.

Referent Power- This is a power wielded by celebrities and film stars as they have huge following amongst masses who like them, identify with them and follow them. Hence, they exert lasting influence on a large number of people for a large number of decisions; like from what car to buy to which candidate to choose for a higher office in the country.

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Personal Power

Charismatic Power - this power emerges from an individual’s charisma. A quality that is unique. Because

of this charisma, the individual can articulate attractive visions, take personal risk, demonstrate environmental

sensitivity, and is willing to engage in behaviour that most others consider unconvetional.Charismatic power has been more popular in political fields and some great persons like Mahatma Gandhi,Martin Luther King etc., had much higher influence without having any significant position in the political party than those having such positions.

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How Can Power Be Acquired?

  • Position Power
    • Authority
    • Rewards
    • Punishments
  • Personal Power
    • Expertise
    • Charisma
    • Effort
    • Access to Information
    • Association Power

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Sources of Personal Power

  • Expertise: task relevant knowledge or experience
  • Charisma: desirable characteristics
  • Effort: higher than expected commitment of time

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Expertise

  • Formal training
  • On the job experience
  • Specialization

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Charisma

  • Agreeable personality (likeability)
  • Impression management (magnetism)
  • Attractive physical appearance

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Effort

  • Managers will reward (and promote on the basis of) hard work.

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Position Power

  • Authority (legitimacy)
  • Rewards
  • Punishment

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Characteristics of Position Power

  • Centrality
  • Criticality
  • Flexibility
  • Visibility
  • Relevance

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How ELSE Can Power Be Acquired?�

  • Creating Dependency
  • Impression Management
  • Politicking

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