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Advantages of bioethanol

  • Burns more cleanly as a results of more complete combustion.
  • Reduces greenhouse gases.
  • Decrease in ozone formation.
  • Renewable energy.
  • Any plant can be use for production of bioethanol, it is only has to contain sugar and starch .
  • It is carbon neutral.
  • It is the alternative source of current traditional sources; gasoline.

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Disadvantages of bioethanol

  • Large amount of arable land is required to grow crops ,
  • Natural habitats would be destroyed.� Not efficient as petroleum. � Cold start difficulties �Difficult for transportation. � Ethanol also absorbs water fluently giving it a high tendency to corrode materials.�Pure ethanol is difficult to vaporize meaning starting a car in cold weather could be more difficult that a car that runs on petrol.

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Biodiesel

  • Biodiesel is the form of diesel fuel which derived from plant and animals
  • It is produced from renewable sources such as vegetable oils, animal fats and recycled cooking oils etc.
  • It’s physical and chemical properties are similar to petroleum based diesel fuel.
  • Biodiesel can be obtained from various oils like : soya bean oil , sunflower oil , palm oil , cottonseed oil , mustard oil etc.
  • Nearly 80 species are known to produced oil from seeds
  • For example: jojoba , Kusum, mahua etc.

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Why biodiesel??

  • It is a biodegradable and renewable sources.
  • It reduces the pollution.
  • It is safer to use and has low toxicity than fossil diesel fuel.
  • Biodiesel is eco-friendly because it can reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.
  • It is carbon neutral liquid .
  • Using biodiesel doesn’t require any diesel modification.

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How biodiesel can be produced

  • Biodiesel can be obtained from seeds oils , animal fats and other waste oils .
  • It also can be produced through a chemical process which is called as “transesterification”.
  • Transesterification process leaves behind two products : methyl esters and glycerin. Methyl esters is the chemical name of biodiesel.
  • Vegetable oil , a little catalyst and some methanol react to form biodiesel.
  • The process that turns the triglycerides into glycerin and adipose- acids- methyl –esters is called trans-esterification.

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Advantages of biodiesel

  • It is made from renewable sources.
  • Energy availability is more because fossil diesel fuel is a limited resources but biodiesel fuel is can be manufactured by wide range of materials.
  • Less greenhouse gas emission.
  • Better fuel economy.
  • Less air pollution .
  • No engine modification.
  • Reduced foreign oil dependency .

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Disadvantages of biodiesel

  • It is more expensive as compare than normal diesel fuel.
  • It is cannot suitable for use in low temperature .
  • Only few petrol stations offer biodiesel fuel.
  • It cannot be transported in pipelines.
  • It gives out more nitrogen oxide emission.
  • It could harm rubber hoses in engines.

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Biogas

  • Biogas is a mixture of different gases produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.
  • Biogas is produced by raw materials such as : municipal wastes, plant material , sewage , agriculture waste , green waste or food waste etc.
  • It is specially popular in rural areas.
  • Cow dung is used for the production of biogas
  • It is much preferable than non renewable sources which are harmful for the environment.
  • It is clean eco-friendly fuel.

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Biogas plant

  • Biogas is naturally formed by the degradation of organic matters under anaerobic conditions.
  • Biogas contain 50-70% methane and 30% carbon dioxide.
  • Biogas is also used for cooking , heating, lightning and electricity generation.
  • Biogas is produced in three steps as follows :
  • Hydrolysis: It’s a process in which enzymes degrade. Complex carbohydrates, proteins and lipids to their constituent units.
  • Acidogenesis: Where Hydrolysis products are converted into acetic acid , hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
  • Methanogenesis: where an obligate anaerobic bacteria control methane production from acidogenesis products.

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Benefits of biogas

  • Availability of power at affordable rate.
  • Reduces pollution.
  • Reduces global warming.
  • It also reduces deforestation.
  • Produces good quality manure to improve soil fertility.

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Biobutanol

  • Biobutanol is probably in the same way as ethanol, I.e. Through fermentation of starch .
  • The energy content is biobutanol which Is the highest among the other gasoline alternatives.
  • It can be added to diesel to reduce emissions.
  • It serves as a solvent in textile industries and it also used as a base in perfumes.
  • Biobutanol is basically a also with four carbon atoms and sometimes it also called biogasoline.

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Advantages of biobutanol

  • It Contains 25% more energy than ethanol.
  • It can be produced biologically from corn , grasses , leaves and agriculture residues.
  • It is safer to handle due to it’s lower evaporation when compared to gasoline and ethanol.
  • It can be transported through existing pipelines due to it’s low corrosive properties.

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Advantages of biofuels

  1. Availability: Biofuels are produced from biomass and thus are renewable.
  2. Source material: Whereas oil is limited resource that comes from specific material , biofuels can be produced by wide range of materials like crop waste, manure , and many other products.
  3. Environment Pollution: Biofuels can not release pollution as much as fossil fuels do .Biofuels can also manage municipal waste.

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Disadvantages of biofuels

  • Fossil fuels produce more energy than some of other biofuels.
  • Cost : Pumping fossils from a ground is a expensive process.
  • Food storage : Using valuable Cropland to grow fuel crops could have impact on cost of food could possibly lead to food shortage.
  • Water issue : Massive quantity of water required for irrigation of biofuel crops as well as to manufacture the fuel , which could strain local and regional water issues.

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Thankyou

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References

  • Plant Biotechnology by Mk Rajadan
  • Bioprocess engeneering by stanbury and whitikar
  • Biotechnology by BD Singh