Advantages of bioethanol

• Burns more cleanly as a results of more complete combustion.
• Reduces greenhouse gases.
• Decrease in ozone formation.
• Renewable energy.
• Any plant can be use for production of bioethanol, it is only has to contain sugar and starch .
• It is carbon neutral.
• It is the alternative source of current traditional sources; gasoline.

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Disadvantages of bioethanol

• Large amount of arable land is required to grow crops ,
• Natural habitats would be destroyed.� Not efficient as petroleum. � Cold start difficulties �Difficult for transportation. � Ethanol also absorbs water fluently giving it a high tendency to corrode materials.�Pure ethanol is difficult to vaporize meaning starting a car in cold weather could be more difficult that a car that runs on petrol.

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Biodiesel

• Biodiesel is the form of diesel fuel which derived from plant and animals
• It is produced from renewable sources such as vegetable oils, animal fats and recycled cooking oils etc.
• It’s physical and chemical properties are similar to petroleum based diesel fuel.
• Biodiesel can be obtained from various oils like : soya bean oil , sunflower oil , palm oil , cottonseed oil , mustard oil etc.
• Nearly 80 species are known to produced oil from seeds
• For example: jojoba , Kusum, mahua etc.

Why biodiesel??

• It is a biodegradable and renewable sources.
• It reduces the pollution.
• It is safer to use and has low toxicity than fossil diesel fuel.
• Biodiesel is eco-friendly because it can reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.
• It is carbon neutral liquid .
• Using biodiesel doesn’t require any diesel modification.

How biodiesel can be produced

• Biodiesel can be obtained from seeds oils , animal fats and other waste oils .
• It also can be produced through a chemical process which is called as “transesterification”.
• Transesterification process leaves behind two products : methyl esters and glycerin. Methyl esters is the chemical name of biodiesel.
• Vegetable oil , a little catalyst and some methanol react to form biodiesel.
• The process that turns the triglycerides into glycerin and adipose- acids- methyl –esters is called trans-esterification.

Advantages of biodiesel

• It is made from renewable sources.
• Energy availability is more because fossil diesel fuel is a limited resources but biodiesel fuel is can be manufactured by wide range of materials.
• Less greenhouse gas emission.
• Better fuel economy.
• Less air pollution .
• No engine modification.
• Reduced foreign oil dependency .

Disadvantages of biodiesel

• It is more expensive as compare than normal diesel fuel.
• It is cannot suitable for use in low temperature .
• Only few petrol stations offer biodiesel fuel.
• It cannot be transported in pipelines.
• It gives out more nitrogen oxide emission.
• It could harm rubber hoses in engines.

Biogas

• Biogas is a mixture of different gases produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.
• Biogas is produced by raw materials such as : municipal wastes, plant material , sewage , agriculture waste , green waste or food waste etc.
• It is specially popular in rural areas.
• Cow dung is used for the production of biogas
• It is much preferable than non renewable sources which are harmful for the environment.
• It is clean eco-friendly fuel.

Biogas plant

• Biogas is naturally formed by the degradation of organic matters under anaerobic conditions.
• Biogas contain 50-70% methane and 30% carbon dioxide.
• Biogas is also used for cooking , heating, lightning and electricity generation.
• Biogas is produced in three steps as follows :
• Hydrolysis: It’s a process in which enzymes degrade. Complex carbohydrates, proteins and lipids to their constituent units.
• Acidogenesis: Where Hydrolysis products are converted into acetic acid , hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
• Methanogenesis: where an obligate anaerobic bacteria control methane production from acidogenesis products.

Benefits of biogas

• Availability of power at affordable rate.
• Reduces pollution.
• Reduces global warming.
• It also reduces deforestation.
• Produces good quality manure to improve soil fertility.

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Biobutanol

• Biobutanol is probably in the same way as ethanol, I.e. Through fermentation of starch .
• The energy content is biobutanol which Is the highest among the other gasoline alternatives.
• It can be added to diesel to reduce emissions.
• It serves as a solvent in textile industries and it also used as a base in perfumes.
• Biobutanol is basically a also with four carbon atoms and sometimes it also called biogasoline.

Advantages of biobutanol

• It Contains 25% more energy than ethanol.
• It can be produced biologically from corn , grasses , leaves and agriculture residues.
• It is safer to handle due to it’s lower evaporation when compared to gasoline and ethanol.
• It can be transported through existing pipelines due to it’s low corrosive properties.

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Advantages of biofuels

1. Availability: Biofuels are produced from biomass and thus are renewable.
2. Source material: Whereas oil is limited resource that comes from specific material , biofuels can be produced by wide range of materials like crop waste, manure , and many other products.
3. Environment Pollution: Biofuels can not release pollution as much as fossil fuels do .Biofuels can also manage municipal waste.

Disadvantages of biofuels

• Fossil fuels produce more energy than some of other biofuels.
• Cost : Pumping fossils from a ground is a expensive process.
• Food storage : Using valuable Cropland to grow fuel crops could have impact on cost of food could possibly lead to food shortage.
• Water issue : Massive quantity of water required for irrigation of biofuel crops as well as to manufacture the fuel , which could strain local and regional water issues.

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Thankyou

References

• Plant Biotechnology by Mk Rajadan
• Bioprocess engeneering by stanbury and whitikar
• Biotechnology by BD Singh