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Addressing trauma among women and girls facing GBV in Chennai, India

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Overview

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misinformation

Stigma

Trauma / Mental Health

Access to Care

Gender Based Violence

& its multiple facets

insecurity

wellness

sustainability

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URGENT!

At least 2 women are sexually assaulted every hour.

A young married woman is beaten to death, burnt, or driven to suicide every 6 hours.

Compared to other states, GBV & domestic violence is normalized

26% of women have experienced physical violence from spouses.

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Poverty and Gender Based Violence

Poverty in Chennai is increasing, estimated to be over 40% in 2021

91.1% of women with a family income of less than INR 2,000 (~$27) in Chennai experienced frequent physical violence

Women in poverty are at a higher risk of gender based violence

90.9% of women with a family income of less than INR 2,000 (~$27) in Chennai experienced frequent forced sex

Poverty decreases stability which increases gender based violence

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The Caste System and Poverty

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Dalits (untouchables)

Brahmin

Kshatryia

Vaishya

Sudra

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GBV and Mental Health

40%

40% of survivors of GBV have poor mental health

59%

Married women who justify wife beating are 59% more likely to have depressive symptoms than those who don’t

14%

14% of survivors suffer from PTSD

11-14%

11-14% of young married girls experiencing physical and sexual violence have higher depressive symptoms

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Trauma Burden on Women

Financial

Unemployment and income loss

Family Responsibility

Failure to provide childcare

Social Cost

Mistrust, loss of confidence, guilt, shame, hopelessness

Mental Disorders

Depression, PTSD, anxiety disorders, sleep disorders

Self-harm and Suicide

22.4% of survivors have suicidal thoughts and 3.4% attempt suicide

Physical Symptoms

Seek help for physical symptoms rather than imperceptible emotional distress

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Women

Men

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Disproportionate Amount of Global Suicides

15.7 per 100,000

(suicide rate)

compared to 10.6

global average

> 14% of the population

(1 in 7) suffer from variations of mental disorders

Massive economic loss

due to mental health conditions

36.7%

India & its

Global Disease Burden

15.7

1 in 7

$1.03 T

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MENTAL HEALTH STIGMA/MISINFORMATION

Irresponsible

Supernatural

Degenerates

Sign of weakness

Demonic Possession

Black magic

Dangerous

Untreatable

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Current Lack of Access to Care

  • 47 government psychiatric institutions (population of 1.4 billion)
    • ~12,000 in United States for population of 300 million
  • Widely believed treatments:
    • Limes cut: demons are thought to leave
    • String wrapped around wrists
  • Mental health seen as disease one can “walk away from”
    • Not physical ailment → high scrutiny hidden from society

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Summary

  • GBV, especially among women and girls living in poverty, is a pervasive issue in Chennai
  • Long-lasting trauma → affects all aspects of life
  • Few resources for women facing trauma due to GBV

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Works Cited

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Alexander, Lynsey. “India's Caste System: Dalit Poverty and Inequality.” The Borgen Project, Lynsey Alexander Https://Borgenproject.org/Wp-Content/Uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.Jpg, 25 Feb. 2021, borgenproject.org/dalit-poverty/.

Harbishettar, Vijaykumar, and Suresh Bada Math. “Violence against Women in India: Comprehensive Care for Survivors.” The Indian Journal of Medical Research, Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd, Aug. 2014, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4216486/#ref3.

Patel, Ratna, et al. “Experience of Gender-Based Violence and Its Effect on Depressive Symptoms among Indian Adolescent Girls: Evidence from UDAYA Survey.” PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0248396.

Srivastava, Kalpana, et al. “Mental Health Awareness: The Indian Scenario.” Industrial Psychiatry Journal, Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd, 2016, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5479084/.

Suniti Solomon, Ramnath Subbaraman. “Domestic Violence and Forced Sex Among the Urban Poor in South India: Implications for HIV Prevention - Suniti Solomon, Ramnath Subbaraman, Sunil S. Solomon, Aylur K. Srikrishnan, Sethulakshmi C. Johnson, C.K. Vasudevan, Santhanam Anand, Aylur K. Ganesh, David D. Celentano, 2009.” SAGE Journals, journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1077801209334602.

“Women and Poverty.” UN Women, www.unwomen.org/en/news/in-focus/end-violence-against-women/2014/poverty