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Lead Poisoning and Kids: Information and Probable Scientific Solution

CSIR-800 Presentation

Group Members:

Names of the group members

Enrolment No. 

Name of the institute

Ms. Pooja Dattatray Parit

10CC22J26007

CSIR-NCL

Mr. Sagar Prakash Shimpi

10CC21A26004

CSIR-NCL

Mr. Sachin Dhanraj Mahale

10CC20A26064

CSIR-NCL

Mr. Zeel Yogeshbhai Surati

10CC21J26048

CSIR-NCL

Ms. Archana Rai

10CC21A26044

CSIR-NCL

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Sr no.

Content

Page no.

1

Introduction

3-4

2

Common sources of Lead contamination

5

3

Diagnosis

6

4

Treatment

8

5

Available chelating agents vs Probable solution

9-12

6

Methodology

13

7

Conclusion

14

INDEX

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New Delhi Bans Sale of Nestlé’s Maggi Noodles

Introduction

  • Lead poisoning is a type of metal poisoning caused by lead in the body.
  • Other name for lead poisoning: Plumbism, Colica Pictorum, Saturnism, Devon colic, painter's colic.
  • Lead is a heavy metal found naturally in the earth’s crust having the amount of 14 ppm and the production of lead is nearly 4,820,000 tonnes per year.
  • According to WHO, Lead poisoning has 0.6% of the global fraction of disease.
  • Lead poisoning has been noticeable in India since 1924.

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Childhood Lead Poisoning, WHO, 2011

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Common sources for Lead contamination in children�

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  • lead-based paints and pigments
  • lead solder in food cans and ceramic glazes
  • Drinking water systems with lead solder and lead pipes
  • Lead in products: such as herbal and traditional medicines, folk remedies, cosmetics, and toys
  • lead released by incineration of lead-containing waste
  • lead in electronic waste (e-waste)
  • lead in the food chain, via contaminated soil
  • lead contamination as a legacy of contamination from industrial sites

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Treatment

Level

Action

Less than 9

No action

10-14

Feed child with healthy diet. Reduce lead sources.

15-19

Confirm with venous blood test one to three month and take healthy and nutritional diet.

20-24

Confirm with venous blood test one to three month and take healthy and nutritional diet.

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25-44

Confirm with venous blood test one to three month and take healthy and nutritional diet.

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46-69

Complete medical evaluation immediately.

70 or above

Medical emergency. Require chelation therapy

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Lead Chelating agent

Sr. no

Brand Name

Chemical name

1.

Calcium disodium versenate/ sodium calcium edetate

Calcium Disodium ethylenediamine-tetracetate (CaNa2EDTA)

2

BAL in oil (Dimercaprol)

2,3 dimercaptopropanol

3.

Cuprimine (D-Panicillamine)

3-mercapto-D-valine

4

Succimer (DMSA)

Dimercaptosuccinic acid

US Pharm. 2015, 40, 40.

  • Most of the currently used chelating agents have serious side effects like headache, nausea, increased blood pressure kidney failure, etc.
  • Redistribution of toxic metal
  • Essential metal loss
  • Not capable of removing metal from the intracellular site.
  • Hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity
  • Poor clinical recovery

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Probable Scientific solution

Herein we have hypothesized that a simple naturally occurring compound called

ϒ-glutamylcysteine can act as a chelating agent to bind lead.

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ϒ-glutamylcysteine

Synthesis ϒ-glutamylcysteine

Bridge et al. US Patent US 8.236,533 B2

  • Having a good solubility in water.
  • Naturally occurring found in garlic, and bovine milk.
  • Preparation is quite simple
  • Both amine and sulfide group in one molecule so binding of lead is more facile
  • Comparatively high permeability towards cell membrane so the probability to bind
  • lead from intercellular spaces is also high.
  • Depletion of essential metals like Ca+2 is less.
  • Relatively less side effects

(i) Sayer Ji, Founder, GreenMedInfo LLC, 2013

(ii) Mood et al Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology 2012, 110, 476

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Advantage over Present chelating agents

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Methodology

  1. To collect water samples from different places of Pune

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  • To check the lead content in present water samples by ICP-OES analysis

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3. To know whether the lead content is up to a risky level if yes then come up with our solution and awareness to reduce it.

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