​

​

Chapter 1

Biology

Biology means “study of life”

cell

Interactions

Diversity

environment

solutions

Movement

Internal

Locomotion

To be alive, something must have ALL the characteristics of life

Growth

assimilation

Growth

Development

Reproduction

characteristics

limitations

Species

Organism = living thing

Examples of reproduction

• Making another organism that has characteristics and limitations similar to the original.
• An amoeba dividing in half (asexual reproduction)

Examples of reproduction

• Making another organism that has characteristics and limitations similar to the original.
• A bean plant produces seeds in long pods

Examples of reproduction

• Making another organism that has characteristics and limitations similar to the original.
• Pollen grains are released from a flower

Growth, Reproduction, Development

• Growth – increase in the amount of living material and formation of new structures
• Reproduction – making another organism that has characteristics and limitations similar to the original.
• Development – all of the changes that take place during the life span of an organism

Chemical

Organic

Inorganic

Cells

information

Unicellular

Multicellular

Irritability

Environment

Stimulus

Response

Homeostasis

Stimulus / Response

• The recess bell ringing at an elementary school
• Students running to the playground

​

​

​

Stimulus / Response

• Seeing and smelling food on a plate at dinner time
• Your mouth starts watering

​

​

​

Stimulus / Response

• A sudden drop in air temperature
• You start to shiver

​

​

​

Stimulus / Response

• A flu virus enters your body
• Your body mounts an immune response, by creating antibodies and developing a fever

​

​

​

Stimulus / Response

• Having to give a speech
• Getting “butterflies” in your stomach

​

​

​

Energy

work

change

Autotrophs

plants

Heterotrophs

Humans animals fungi

Organization

Complex

evolve

adapt

survive

Adaptation

reproduce

Evolution

Snowshoe Hare

https://1source.basspro.com/news-tips/small-game/7222/hunting-snowshoe-hares-hard-way

https://naturallycuriouswithmaryholland.wordpress.com/2015/02/27/snowshoe-hare-hind-feet/

https://critter.science/the-snowshoe-hare/

Snowshoe Hare Babies

https://www.summitpost.org/snowshoe-hare-tracks/1030515

death

Scientific method

Observing

hypothesis

experiment

Experiment

Control

Experimental

Independent

Dependent

(one that is changed)

(one that is observed/measured)

hazards

symbols

data

Data

conclusions

Confirm

Report

Verify

Theory

Cell Theory

Atomic Theory

Scientific law

Quantitative

numerical

graph

table

SI

meter

gram

liter

second

Celsius

Qualitative

observational

senses

numbers

Limits

physical

observable

measurable

repeatable

negative

does not

“Big Foot”

Loch Ness monster

aliens

value

moral

Ethics

final

mistakes

• Goodyear decorated his rubber samples, painted them, gilded them, embossed them. �Running short of material one morning, he decided to re-use an old decorated sample and �applied nitric acid to remove its bronze paint. The piece turned black, and Goodyear threw it away.
• A few days later he remembered that somehow the blackened scrap had felt different. He retrieved it from his trash can and found he was right. The nitric acid had done something to the rubber, made it almost as smooth and dry as cloth. This was better rubber than anyone had ever made before.
• 5 years later, he was near rock bottom.
• The great discovery came in the winter of 1839. Goodyear was using sulphur in his experiments now. He wandered into Woburn’s general store to show off his latest gum-and-sulphur formula. He waved his sticky fistful of gum in the air. It flew from his fingers and landed on the sizzling-hot potbellied stove.

When he bent to scrape it off, he found that instead of melting like molasses, it had charred like leather. And around the charred area was a dry, springy brown rim — “gum elastic” still, but so remarkably altered that it was virtually a new substance. He had made weatherproof rubber.

• At last he found that steam under pressure, applied for four to six hours at around 270 degrees Fahrenheit, gave him the most uniform results.
• When he died, in 1860, he was $200,000 in debt. Eventually, however, accumulated royalties made his family comfortable. His son, Charles Jr., inherited something more precious — inventive talent — and later built a small fortune on shoemaking machinery.
• Neither Goodyear nor his family was ever connected with the company named in his honor, today’s billion-dollar Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., the world’s largest rubber business.
• “Life,” he wrote, “should not be estimated exclusively by the standard of dollars and cents. I am not disposed to complain that I have planted and others have gathered the fruits. A man has cause for regret only when he sows and no one reaps.”

​

​

models

restrictions

Pure

Technology

International

SI

world

standard

Length

Meters

Length

Metric

SI

world

standard

Length

Meters

Temperature

Celsius

Temperature

Celsius

Temperature

world

Metric

SI

Length

Meters

standard

Volume

Liters

Volume

Volume

Grams

Mass

Mass

Time

Seconds

1

.

0

0

0

1000

50.6

.

0

1000

506

.00506

0

1250

.

1000

.00506

0

0

0

1 250 000

598

.

0

1000

.00506

.

1 250 000

.0598

1 yd = 36 in

4.5 yd

1 yd

36 in

= 162 in

162

1 kg = 2.2 lb

4.13 kg

1 kg

2.2 lb

= 9.086 lb

162

9.086

1 L = 1000 cm³

4.2 L

1 L

1000 cm³

= 4200 cm³

162

9.086

4200

1 mile = 1609 m

14.5 meters� seconds

1609 m

1 mile

= 32.44251088 miles/hour

162

9.086

4200

1 hour = 60 min

1 min = 60 sec

1 min

60 sec

1 hr

60 min

32.44

variables

Conditions

Determine

line

bar

pie

title

scale

label

X

independent

Y

dependent

scale

label

X

independent

Y

dependent

plot

best-fit

connect-the-points

points

best-fit

connect-the-points

points

key

legend

best-fit

connect-the-points

points

key

legend

inferences

extrapolate