Risk Assessment & Job Safety Analysis
Introduction
Majority of accident that happens in the construction site is due to the fact that more personnel involved in the construction activities lack the basic knowledge of the various job step, the hazards and the control measures for each hazard
The Work Method of Statement, Risk Assessment & Job Safety Analysis (JSA) will cover this gap by giving the people the necessary training, information etc… about each job (task) and how to carry it out without accidents
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JSA
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Risk Assessment is an extremely useful tool in providing a framework in which to identify the potential hazards & evaluate the risks associated with all our activities.
Risk Assessment now forms a routine element in education & training within the Project.
Risk Assessment
Risk Assessment
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To prevent workplace injury, disease & property damage, it is necessary to identify the cause of accidents
Risk Assessment
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IDENTIFY POTENTIAL LOSS
Definition
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1. RISK ASSESSMENT
This is the process of identifying hazards and assessing the risk of harm and loss threatened by the hazard.
Definition
2. RISK MANAGEMENT
Risk Management in its broadest sense represents the successful control of all threats of harm and loss to an organisation, group of people or an individual
3. QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
This type of assessment produces numerical values of the risk involved and evaluates the results against specified risk criteria.
4. DANGER
Danger is a state or situation, which is a product of a hazard and it’s associated risk.
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Definition
5. ACCIDENT
An accident is commonly defined as an unplanned event, which result in Injury or Damage.
6. INCIDENT
An incident is an event, which represents deviation from the intended sequence of designed steps. Commonly defined as an unplanned event, which does not result in Injury or Damage A “Near Miss” is by definition an Incident.
7. RISK
A risk is the likelihood that harm may result being a function of both frequency and severity. The risk can range from the trivial (a paper cut) to catastrophic accident
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Definition
8. SAFE OR SAFETY
Often thought of as representing the level of security and freedom from harm.There is no such thing as complete safety, an appropriate definition might be “the maximum level of risk a person or organisation is prepared to accept”
9. HAZARD
A hazard is something with the potential to cause harm. This can be substances or machines, methods of work and other aspects of work organisations
10. Harm
Harm represents physical injury, death, ill health, property and equipment damage and any from of associated loss
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Risk management Tools
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Communication and Documentation
Risk Assessment Process
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GENERIC RISK ASSESSMENT
A generic or group assessment is a general assessment of the risk posed by a combination of discrete or separate risks of varying type & severity. The risk assessment process can be managed more efficiently by producing generic risk assessments that are applicable to as many people or places as possible
SPECIFIC RISK ASSESSMENT
Some specific hazards where a generic risk assessment has not been carried out, or where it is not considered suitable or sufficient, then a specific risk assesment should be made.
Hierarchy of Control
Safe Place Strategies
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Safe Person Strategies
Risk Management Process
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STAGES
Stage Two – Identify Hazards
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METHODS OF HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Stage Three – Identify People at Risk
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Stage Four – Risk Assessment
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The purpose of the Risk Analysis stage is to obtain an idea of the size or the scale of the risk.
Put simply,
A Risk Assessment is finding out what could cause harm to people (Environment, Task or Equipment)
and deciding if we have done enough, or need to do more to protect them,
or better still to ensure we meet the Project H&S Policy that all risks are As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP)
Stage Four – Risk Assessment
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QUALITATIVE TECHNIQUES
Where risk is expressed in terms of High, Medium or Low
QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES
Attempt to express risk in numerical terms & will be based on calculation using data of failure rates of equipment, human error, etc
RISK EVALUATION
Risk evaluation is determined by the Likelihood of the incident event occurring multiplied by the Severity of the incident
LIKELIHOOD X SEVERITY = RISK
Risk Assessment Matrix
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Risk Evaluation - Likelihood
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LIKELIHOOD POTENTIAL is determined as follows:
E - Happens several time per year in this project – could happen at any time
D - Happens several time per year in our Corporate – could happen sometimes
C - Incident has occurred in our Corporate – could happen, but very rarely
B - Heard of in construction industry – could happen, but probably never will
A - Never heard in construction industry – theoretical
Risk Evaluation - Severity
Harm to People
0 No injury or damage to health.
1 Slight injury or health effects (including First Aid case and Medical Treatment case and Occupational illness)� - Not affecting work performance or causing disability.
2 Minor injury or health effects (Lost Time Injury )�-Affecting work performance, such as restriction to activities (Restricted work Case or Occupational Illness) or a need to take a few days to fully recover (Lost Workday Case). Minor health effects, which are reversible, e.g. skin irritation, food poisoning.
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Risk Evaluation - Severity
Harm to People
3 Major injury or health effects (including Permanent Partial Disability and Occupational Illness)�-Affecting work performance in the longer term, such as a prolonged absence from work.�Irreversible health damage without loss of life, e.g. noise induced hearing loss, chronic back injuries, sensitization, hand/arm vibration syndrome, repetitive strain injury.
4 Permanent Total Disability or one to three fatalities�- from an accident or occupational illness.�Irreversible health damage with serious disability or death, e.g. corrosive burns, heat stroke, cancer (small exposed population)
5 Multiple fatalities�- from an accident or occupational illness (e.g. chemical asphyxiation or cancer (large exposed population)
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Risk Evaluation - Severity
Asset Damage and other Consequential Business Losses (USD)
0 Zero damage
1 Slight damage - No disruption to operation (costs less than 10,000)
2 Minor damage- Brief disruption (cost less than 100,000)
3 Local damage- Partial shutdown (can be restarted but costs up to 1,000,000)
4 Major damage- Partial operation loss (2 weeks shutdown costs up to 10,000,000)
5 Extensive damage- Substantial or total loss of operation (costs in excess of 10,000,000)
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Risk Evaluation - Severity
Environmental Effect
0 Zero effect - No environmental damage. No financial consequences.
1 Slight effect - Slight environmental damage, within the fence and within systems. Negligible financial consequences.
2 Minor effect - Sufficiently large contamination or discharge to damage to attack the environment, but no lasting effect. Single breach of statutory or prescribed limit, or single complaint.
3 Localized effect - Limited discharges affecting the neighborhood and damaging the environment. Repeated breaches of statutory or prescribed limit, or many complains.
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Risk Evaluation - Severity
Environmental Effect
4 Major effect - Severe environmental damage. The company is required to take extensive measures to restore the damaged environment. Extended breaches of statutory or prescribed limits, or widespread nuisance.
5 Massive effect - Persistent severe environmental damage or severe nuisance extending over a large area. Loss of commercial, or recreational use or nature conservancy resulting in major financial consequences for the Company. Ongoing breaches well above statutory or prescribed limits.
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Risk Evaluation - Severity
Impact on reputation
0 Zero effect - No public awareness.
1 Slight impact - Public awareness may exist, but there is no public concern.
2 Limited impact - some local public concern. Some local media and/or local political attention with potentially adverse aspects for company operations.
3 Considerable impact - Regional public concern. Extensive adverse attention in local media. �Slight national media and/or local/regional political attention. Adverse stance of local government and/or action groups.
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Risk Evaluation - Severity
Impact on Reputation
4 National impact - National public concern. Extensive adverse attention in the national media.�Effect on Regional/national policies with potentially restrictive measures and/or impact on grant of licenses. Mobilization of action groups.
5 International impact - International public attention. Extensive adverse attention in international media. National/international policies with potentially severe impact on access to new areas, grants of licenses and/or tax legislation.
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Risk Assessment - Sample
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All
B2
B
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Foreman
Check scaffolds after adverse weather condition
C2
C
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Adverse weather
Scaffolders / All
B1
B
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Foreman
Barricade area during erection & Dismantling
E3
E
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Falls of Materials
Scaffolders
B2
B
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Foreman
Check ground condition. Use base plate & sole plate. Use proper materials
B4
B
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Collapse of Scaffold
Scaffolders
B3
B
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Foreman/ Scaffolders
Scaffolders working above 1.8m must be 100% tie off. Hand rails to be fitted
D3
D
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Fall from Height
Scaffolders
B1
B
1
Foreman
Sufficient personnel, “No Bombing”
C1
C
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Manual Handling
Scaffolder / Foreman
B1
B
1
Foreman
Only trained and competent personnel to utilized for the task. All scaffolds to be certified prior to use
C3
C
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Competence Level
Scaffold Erection / Dismantling
R
LF
SF
R
LF
SF
Person affected (to be informed)
Risk After Control
By whom
Precautions
Risk Before Control
Hazards
Activities
What Is Job Safety Analysis
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Purpose of JSA
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Benefits of JSA
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Five Basic Steps
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Job Safety Analysis Training
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TBM before start of the job, 100% tie off, using harness with 2 lanyards,
Secure all materials for all work at height when there is a rain or wet surface,
Experience scaffolders shall be utilized to erect and dismantle suspended scaffold. Other fall protection equipment shall be utilized e.g. Retractable lanyard, Lifeline.
Fall of personnel from height,
falling of material,
Slippery surface,
Inexperience scaffolder
Erection of suspended scaffold
TBM regarding responsibility during dismantling,
Only experience, trained and authorized person can dismantle scaffold
Material shall be lowered using rope and bucket or by passing manually
Area must be barricaded to keep away all unauthorized persons from the area
Falling of scaffold material, collapsing of scaffold.
Fall of personnel,
Damage to scaffold material
Dismantling of Scaffold
TBM before work regarding handling of materials
Use of gin wheel to hoist material or mechanical equipment
Barricading of lifting area
Injury to personnel, material from height
Lifting of Scaffold
TBM before work, Inspection of materials before work
Compacted ground before erection, Work area to be barricaded
Material used for work on height should be tie off to prevent from falling
Purpose of erecting scaffold should be known, Kind of work to be done on scaffold erection, Complete PPE must be worn e.g. hand gloves, safety glass, safety shoes, hardhat, Body harness
Bad foundation,
Drainage, material falling, unknown purpose for erection of scaffold
Scaffold Erection
Preventive Measure
Hazard
Activity
Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
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Job Safety Analysis Guidelines
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Job Safety Analysis Guidelines
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Job Safety Analysis Guidelines
How is it done at your site?
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Summary