2 of 13

Before filing a Patent Application, any applicant should be sure about the type of application that he/she wants to file with the Patent Office.
There are majorly five different Types of Patent

Applications in India.
All different types of Patent Applications under the Patent Act serves a different purpose.

3 of 13

What is a Patent?

A Patent is a title that provides the owner of the Patent with a right to prevent another person from misusing the invention of the owner described in the Patent.
A Patent to an invention gives the exclusive right to the owner of the Patent to exclude other people from making, using, selling, or importing the patented invention of the owner.
A Patent is granted to a person for a specific field in a defined country. The tenure of a Patent is only for a maximum of 20 years.
The Patent Office will only grant a Patent if the owner of the invention fully discloses the invention and publishes the technical details related to the invention in his/her application of Registration of Patent.
A Patent can protect an invention only for 20 years, and the Renewal of Patent is not allowed.

A) PROVISIONAL APPLICATION

A provisional application is a temporary application which is filed when the invention is not finalized and is still under experimentation.
Advantages of filing a provisional application
Applicant gets 12 months’ time to fully develop the invention and ascertain its market potential
Helps to establish “priority” right over the invention
Enables the applicant to use the term "patent pending” on their product
Less expensive to prepare and file the application
Enables the applicant to file International applications and claim priority within 12 months.

B) ORDINARY APPLICATION OR NON-PROVISIONAL APPLICATION

An application for patent filed in the Patent Office without claiming any priority of application made in a convention country or without any reference to any other application under process in the office is called an ordinary application.
An ordinary application must be accompanied with a complete specification and claims.

Complete specification can be filed in 2 ways

Direct filing- Complete specification is filed first directly with the Indian Patent office without filing any corresponding provisional specification
Subsequent filing- Complete specification is filed subsequent to the filing of corresponding provisional specification and claiming priority from filed provisional specification.

C) CONVENTION APPLICATION

An application for patent filed in the Patent Office, claiming a priority date based on the same or substantially similar application filed in one or more of the convention countries, is called a convention application.
In order to get convention status, an applicant should file the application in the Indian Patent Office within 12 months from the date of first filing of a similar application in the convention country.

D) PCT INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION

A PCT Application is an international application governed by the Patent Cooperation Treaty, and can be validated in upto 142 countries.

Advantages of filing a PCT Application

A single international patent application can be filed in order to seek protection for an invention in up to 142 countries throughout the world.
The priority date obtained by filing a PCT application is internationally recognized, and has an effect in each of the countries designated.
It gives the application 30/31 months to enter into various countries from the international filing date or the priority date, and therefore gives the applicant more time to assess the viability of the invention.
Delays the expenses associated with applying for a patent in various countries

Provides an International Search Report citing prior art, which gives an indication to the applicant whether the invention is novel and innovative.
Provides an option for requesting an International Preliminary Examination Report, the report containing an opinion on the patentability of the invention.
The International Search Report and International Preliminary Examination Report, allows the applicant to make more informed choices early in the patent process, and to amend the application to deal with any conflicting material, before the major expenses of the national phase of the patent process begin.
It also gives the applicant a fair idea on the patentability of the invention before incurring charges for filing and prosecuting the application in each country.

E) PCT NATIONAL PHASE APPLICATION

When an international application is made according to PCT designating India, an applicant can file the national phase application in India within 31 months from the international filing date or the priority date (whichever is earlier).
For the National Phase Application, the title, description, drawings, abstract and claims as filed in the International Application under PCT shall be taken as the Complete Specification.
All other formalities that are required for filing and processing an ordinary patent application shall apply to a National Phase Application.

F) PATENT OF ADDITION

When an applicant feels that he has come across an invention which is a slight modification of the invention for which he has already applied for or has obtained patent, the applicant can go for patent of addition if the invention does not involve a substantial inventive step.
There is no need to pay separate renewal fee for the patent of addition during the term of the main patent and it expires along with the main patent.

G) DIVISIONAL APPLICATION

When an application made by applicant claims more than one invention, the applicant on his own or to meet the official objection may divide the application and file two or more applications, as applicable for each of the inventions.
This type of application, divided out of the parent one, is called a Divisional Application.
The priority date for all the divisional applications will be same as that claimed by the Parent Application (Ante-dating)