The Macromolecules

Vocab

Monomer- A molecule that can be added to another. AKA- Building block

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Polymer: Many monomers bonded together

Monomer

Polymer

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The 4 macromolecules

Proteins

Lipids

Carbohydrates

Nucleic Acids

Their monomers (building blocks)

Proteins are made up of amino acids

Lipids are made up of Fatty Acids

Carbohydrates are made up of monosaccharides

Nucleic Acids are made up of nucleotides

Proteins Functions:

• Third source for energy
• Structure and support
• Protection
• Immune defense
• Cellular Transport
• Cell - Cell Recognition
• Cellular Signaling
• Hair, Fur, Feathers, Scales, Skin
• Enzymes (help speed up chemical reactions)
• Hormones

Protein Structures

Primary: sequence of amino acids

Secondary: Alpha Helix; Beta Pleated sheets

Tertiary: Lots of complex folding

Quaternary: Two Tertiary folded together

Lipids functions

• Main component of all cell membranes
• Insulation
• Second source for energy
• Long term energy storage
• Steroids (good ones)
• Cell Division
• Hormones

Lipids structure

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Carbohydrates (Carbs) functions:

• All carbs are a type of sugar

• First source for energy
• Structure and support
• Protection
• Primary component of Cell Walls
• Cell - Cell Recognition
• Cell Transport

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Carbohydrates Structures

Monosaccharide

Disaccharide

Polysaccharide

Nucleic Acids Functions:

• Only Two types; DNA and RNA

• Stores Genetic information
• Genetic information is the instructions to build Proteins

Nucleotide Structure

P

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S N

Nucleic Acid Structure

P P

S N --- N S

P P

S N --- N S

P P

S N --- N S

The Nucleic Acids

ATP:

Technically a nucleotide