ARTICLE WRITING

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KURNIA RAMADHANI

14018008

K-1 2014

“A theory is something nobody believes, except the person who made it. An experiment is something everybody believes, except the person who made it” Albert Einstein

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1. What is article writing?

An article:

• Is a piece o writing usually intended or publication in a newspaper, maazine or journal.
• Is writen or a wide audience, so it is essential to attract and retain the readers’ attention.
• May include amusing stories, reported speech and descriptions.
• Can be formal or informal, depending on the target audience.
• Should be written in an interesting manner.
• Should give opinions and thoughts, as well as facts.
• Is in a less formal style than a report.

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An article also can:

• Describe an expirience, event, person or place.
• Present an opinion or balance argument.
• Compare and contrast.
• Provide information.
• Offer suggestion or advise.

A realistic article should consist of:

1. An aye-catching title which attracts the readers’ attention.
2. An introduction which clearly defines the topic to be covered and keeps the reader’s attention.
3. The main body of two to ive paragraphs in which the topic is further developed in detail.
4. The conclusion – summarising the topic or a final opinion, recommendation or comment.

2. Article Elements

Consist of:

• Title
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Theory/literature review
• Research method/process
• Result (sometimes divided into results and analysis)
• Conclusion

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a. Title

• summarize the main idea of article.

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Example:

PHYSCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS ON CHILHOOD TRAUMA SURVIVORS WHO ABUSE DRUGS

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Note : also add Author(s)-name(s) and instituonal affiliation(s) listed.

b. Abstract

• A brief comprehensive summary of the contents of the article.

c. Introcuction

• States the reason for the research: identifies and discussess finding of others; includes a review of the literature.

d. A literature review

• is a text of a scholarly paper, which includes the current knowledge including substantive findings, as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic.
• Literature reviews are secondary sources, and do not report new or original experimental work.

e. Methodology

There are 3 parts of methodology:

• Describes the research population or study sample.
• Describes the method used to gather information or data collection.
• Describes the means used for measuring or measures.

f. Results

• Summarizes the results and presents finding using text, charts, graphs and tables.

g. Conclusion

• Effective conclusions take the article beyond summary and demonstrate a further appreciation of the article's argument and its significance: why it works, why it is meaningful, and why it is valuable.

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The purpose of a conclusion:

• To connect the article's findings to a larger context, such as the wider conversation about an issue as it is presented in a course or in other published writing.
• To suggest the implications of your findings or the importance of the topic.
• To ask questions or suggest ideas for further research.
• To revisit your main idea or research question with new insight.

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References

• An alphabetical listing of works that were cited and used to support the research.

TYPES OF NEWSPAPER ARTICLES�

• A local news article: focuses on what's going on in your neighborhood. An example of a local news story would be an article on a city council meeting.
• A national news article: focuses on what's happening in the United States. An example of a national news article would be an article on the U.S. Senate passing a new bill.
• An international news article: focuses on news that's happening outside the United States. A story on an influenza outbreak in Chile would be considered an international news story.

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• A feature article: is an article that is about "softer" news. A feature may be a profile of a person who does a lot of volunteer work in the community or a movie preview. Feature articles are not considered news stories.
• An editorial: is an article that contains the writer's opinion. Editorials are usually run all together on a specific page of the paper and focus on current events. Editorials are not considered news stories.
• A column: is an article written by the same person on a regular basis. A columnist (the writer of the column) writes about subjects of interest to him/her, current events or community happenings. Columns are not considered news stories.

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Some of the possible types of scientific publications

1. Original research:

These are detailed studies reporting original research and are classified as primary literature. They include hypothesis, background study, methods, results, interpretation of findings, and a discussion of possible implications.

2. Review article:

It gives an overview of existing literature in a field, often identifying specific problems or issues and analyzing information from available published work on the topic with a balanced perspective.

3. Clinical case study:

Clinical case studies present the details of real patient cases from medical or clinical practice. The cases presented are usually those that contribute significantly to the existing knowledge on the field. The study is expected to discuss the signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of a disease.

4. Clinical trial:

Once again, specific to the field of medicine, clinical trials describe the methodology, implementation, and results of controlled studies, usually undertaken with large patient groups.

5. Perspective, opinion, and commentary:

Perspective pieces are scholarly reviews of fundamental concepts or prevalent ideas in a field. These are usually articles that present a personal point of view critiquing widespread notions pertaining to a field.

6. Book review:

Book reviews are published in most academic journals. The aim of a book review is to provide insight and opinion on recently published scholarly books. 

�11 Types of Articles to Write for Magazines�

1. How-to Articles:

• Make a rousing promise of success
• Describe what you need in easy to follow instructions
• Give step-by-step directions (sometimes with subtitles)
• Include shortcomings or warnings
• Tell how to locate supplies
• Give proofs and promises
• Make referrals to other sources

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Example:

“How to Write Articles for Magazines”

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2. Profile and Interview Articles:

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• Have different definitions. In a profile, you use additional sources, such as friends, family, kids, neighbors, colleagues. In a profile, you interview the source him or herself.
• Can have a theme or focus.
• Can be presented as a “Q & A” or a written article.
• Require strong interviewing skills for the “best” information

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Example:

“The Real Natalie Goldberg and Her Real Writing Career”

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3. Informative or Service Articles:

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• Focus on one unique aspect, or the “handle”
• Describe what-to, how-to, when-to, why-to, etc.
• Answer the journalist’s who, what, when, where, why, and how questions
• Can end with a “how-to” piece as a sidebar

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Example:

“How to Write Query Letters for Magazines”

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4. The Exposé:

• Shocks or surprises readers
• Includes statistics, quotes, anecdotes
• Can range from how extension cords can kill to new info on Watergate

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Examples:

“Stephen King’s Ghostwriter Reveals Secret Writing Career”

“95% of Natalie Goldberg’s Writing is From a Ghostwriter!”

5. Human Interest Magazine Articles:

• Usually start with an anecdote
• Are often chronologically organized

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Examples :

“Anne Lamott Share Her Experience as a Single Working Writer”

“Mark Twain’s Great-Grandaughter Finds Her Writing Niche.”

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6. Essay or Opinion Articles:

• Usually revolve around an important or timely subject (if they’re to be published in a newspaper or “serious” magazine)
• Are harder to sell if you’re an unknown or unpublished writer
• Can be found on blogs all over the internet!

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Example:

“What I Think of Natalie Goldberg’s Decision to Retire From Her Writing Career”

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7. Humor or Satire Articles:

• Usually have a specific audience, such as the readers of The Onion
• Are usually written on spec (that is, you submit the whole article before the editors or publishers will accept it)

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Example:

 “Ode to Stephen King’s Typewriter”

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8. Historical Articles:

• 11 Types of Articles to Write for Magazines
• Reveal events of interest to millions (which means at least one of my examples wouldn’t work as this type of article)
• Focus on a single aspect of the subject
• Are organized chronologically
• Tell readers something new
• Go beyond history to make a current connection

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Example:

“The Typewriter Mark Twain First Used”

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9. Inspirational Magazine Articles:

• Describe how to feel good or how to do good things
• Can describe how to feel good about yourself – this type of article can work for anyone from writers to plumbers to pilots
• Offer a moral message
• Focus on the inspirational point

Example:

“How You Can Change the World with Your Writing Career”

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10. Round-Up Magazine Articles:

• Gather a collection from many sources
• Focus on one theme
• Offer quotations, opinions, statistics, research studies, anecdotes, recipes, etc.

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 Example:

“12 Fiction Writing Tips from Authors and Editors”

11. Research Shorts:

• Describe current scientific information
• Are usually less than 250 words long
• Are often written on spec (at least by me)
• Are fast, effective ways to earn money as a freelance writer – if you can find the right markets

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Example :

“How Alliteration Affects Your Memory”

Bilbiographies

Belt, Mottonen & Harkonen. Mei 2011. Industrial Engineering and Management. TIPS FOR WRITING SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL ARTICLES. Oulu Yliopisto. University of Oulu

Haverhill & Lawrence. 2010. Notrhern Essex Community College. ELEMENTS OF A RESEARCH ARTICLE. Libraries.

Laurie. 2016. 11 Types of Articles to Write for Magazines. http://www.theadventurouswriter.com/blogwriting/types-of-feature-articles-to-write-for-magazines/

Majumder, Kakoli. 2015. 6 Article types that journals publish: A guide for early career researchers. http://www.editage.com/insights/6-article-types-that-journals-publish-a-guide-for-early-career-researchers

Newspaper in education. (undated). TYPES OF NEWSPAPER ARTICLES. http://www.dispatchnie.com/content/pages/types-of-articles/types-of-articles.html

Onestopenglish.com. (undated). ARTICLES CAE (CPE): Solution for english teaching. http://www.onestopenglish.com/community/lesson-share/pdf-content/exams/exams-article-writing-cae-and-cpe-lesson-plan/147546.article

The writing center: The university of wisconsin-madison. (undated). The writer’s handbook: Conclusion. http://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/Conclusions.html

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