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S T U D E N T G U I D E

Partners

How do the words and phrases used in the article help the reader understand why lichens are special?

View this lesson at ThinkCERCA

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Table of Contents

Skills Focus

  • Build Your Vocabulary: Frayer Model
  • Cornell Notes: Determining the Meanings of Words and Phrases

Overview and Connect

  • Find Your Purpose for Learning
  • Share Your Personal Connection

Read and Check

  • Share Your Reflections
  • Test Prep Strategy: Prediction (Optional)

Analyze / Engage with the Text

  • Highlight and Annotate

Summarize

  • Write a Summary

Develop / Build Your Argument

  • Share Your Argument Builder

Draft and Review / Create your CERCA

  • Peer Editing Activity
  • Reflect on Your Writing

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Extension Activities

  • Activity: Classifying Critters
  • Inquiry to Research: Asking Questions of the Texts

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Definition

Facts and Characteristics___

Examples

Non-examples___

Vocabulary Word:�

KINGDOM

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S K I L L S F O C U S

Build Your Vocabulary: �Frayer Model — Kingdom �

The Frayer Model helps you learn vocabulary from different angles.

  • Look for the vocabulary word in the center circle of the graphic organizer below.
  • In the “examples” box, list examples or synonyms of the word.
  • In the “non-examples” box, write non-examples or antonyms.
  • Next, add facts and characteristics about the word.
  • Finally, write your own definition, or look one up!

Frayer Model

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S K I L L S F O C U S

Cornell Notes: Determining the Meanings of Words and Phrases

What is a context clue?

A context clue is…

Explain the difference between a synonym and an antonym.

The difference between a synonym and an antonym is…

Give an example of a prefix.

An example of a prefix is..

Instructions: Take notes on the Direct Instruction lesson using the organizer below. Then summarize and reflect on the next page.

Complete the Direct Instruction lesson online at learn.thinkcerca.com

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S K I L L S F O C U S

Cornell Notes: Determining the Meanings of Words and Phrases

Summarize and Reflect

In your own words and in complete sentences, write a 3–4 sentence summary of this Direct Instruction lesson. An accurate summary will cover the lesson's central ideas and include important details to support those ideas.

Record your summary here:

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O V E R V I E W A N D C O N N E C T

Find Your Purpose for Learning

Instructions: When you have finished reading the Overview for this lesson, answer the following questions in the space below:

What more would you like to learn about the classification of different organisms? What would you like to know about how organisms from different groups or classification categories are alike and different?

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Read the Overview provided at learn.thinkcerca.com

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O V E R V I E W A N D C O N N E C T

Share Your Personal Connection

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Complete the Connect section for this selection at learn.thinkcerca.com

Instructions:�

  • Think: On your own, think about your experiences related to the topic.
  • Pair & Share: With a partner, group, or a trusted listener, share the parts of your response that you feel comfortable sharing.
  • Reflect: If time permits, reflect on your experience. What ideas did others share that you hadn't considered? How were your ideas alike?

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R E A D

Share Your Reflections

Instructions: During or after you have finished reading, find the questions in the text marked Pause and Reflect. These questions may help you understand the text, or they may help you connect the text to yourself, to other texts, or to the world around you.

Use the space on the left below to answer the reflection questions. Then discuss your answers, noting how they were similar or different.

Record “Pause and Reflect” answers here:

Record discussion reflections here:

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Refer to the Pause and Reflect questions within the Read section of the lesson at learn.thinkcerca.com.

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C H E C K

Test Prep Strategy: Prediction

One way to prepare for assessments is to practice looking for the answers in the text before looking at the answer choices. Use prediction strategies as an opportunity to read a text more carefully.

Read each multiple choice question. In your own words, record your prediction of the correct response in the chart below.

Question on ThinkCERCA

What is the question asking you to do?

Example: Which of the following statements best explains how the passage is structured?

Look for details on the order of ideas in the passage, like order of importance, or cause and effect.

Refer to the multiple choice questions for this lesson at learn.thinkcerca.com.

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A N A L Y Z E / E N G A G E W I T H T H E T E X T

Highlight and Annotate

In this step, you will analyze the text closely, then discuss your findings to begin developing reasoning for your argument.

  • Read the text again, highlighting and annotating important details. ��Follow the prompts provided. The highlighting prompts will help you with the final writing task. ��You will find evidence to support your own argument or informational piece, as well as models of excellence that will help you better understand a writer’s craft in narratives and poetry. The evidence you highlight will be available when you begin building your draft in the next step.

  • If time permits, pair and share your highlights and annotations with a classmate. Pay close attention to this conversation! Your thinking is important reasoning that you may include in your final draft.

Return to learn.thinkcerca.com to complete Analyze / Engage with the Text.

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S U M M A R I Z E

Write a Summary

Summaries help you process your thinking about a text and are often a great way to start off an argumentative or informational essay. A good summary shows you have knowledge about a topic.

Practicing summarizing also helps you prepare for the main idea questions posed on many standardized assessments. In addition, summarizing is a helpful skill for working with others, such as when you need to confirm your understanding of what someone else has said. That's a useful skill for all parts of life.

  • Use the sentence stems provided in the online lesson to summarize the text. Your summary should:
  • Be brief
  • Include the main idea and key details
  • Represent these ideas fairly and accurately �
  • If time permits, pair and share with a classmate. Read each other’s summary, and discuss how they are similar or different. What did you say were the main idea and key details? Were your summaries fair and accurate? Why?

Return to learn.thinkcerca.com to complete Summarize.

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D E V E L O P / B U I L D Y O U R A R G U M E N T

Share your Argument Builder

When you’ve completed the argument building step, share your results with others, and listen to how they responded to the same question. Ask questions, and give feedback to help strengthen your partners’ reasons and evidence.

How do the words and phrases used in the article help the reader understand why lichens are special?

Share Your Argument

Listen and Record Others

1.

2.

3.

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D R A F T A N D R E V I E W / C R E A T E Y O U R C E R C A

Peer Editing Activity

  • Do a self-assessment of your CERCA. Use the online rubric for the lesson on learn.thinkcerca.com, checking each box where you find evidence that you have achieved the criteria.�
  • Next, collaborate with a classmate to read each other’s drafts. Again, use the rubric to evaluate each other’s work.�
  • Share insights into what might make your pieces stronger. Find two positive attributes and one area of growth for each draft you review.�
  • Revise your piece using what you learned from your self-assessment and the feedback from your peers.

Complete your Draft at learn.thinkcerca.com

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D R A F T A N D R E V I E W / C R E A T E Y O U R C E R C A

Reflect on Your Writing

Before you submit your final CERCA, write a brief reflection describing your experience.

An area for growth for me on this piece or in my writing in general is…

The strongest areas of this piece of writing are…

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Through self-assessment and/or peer editing, I learned…

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Extension Activities

The following activities can be used as extensions to this lesson.

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O P T I O N A L E X T E N S I O N : A C T I V I T Y

Classifying Critters

Background

In order to better track and understand the living organisms in the world, scientists classify plants, animals, alga, fungus, and others into large groups called kingdoms. After classifying organisms into several broad categories, specific names are given to unique living beings. For example, a house cat is called Felis catus, while a European wildcat is called Felis silvestris.

Procedure

On the next page, there are several pictures of different living things. Cut them out, and classify them into at least three groups that you determine. You could group the pictures based on colors, number of legs, number of eyes, or some other grouping that you come up with on your own. Each group should have at least one thing in common that none of the other plants or animals pictured have.

Discuss and Reflect

With a partner or small group, answer the following questions:

  • How did you create your classifications?
  • What other groups could you create?
  • Could you create smaller groups within your classifications? Why might that be important or helpful?

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O P T I O N A L E X T E N S I O N : A C T I V I T Y

Classifying Critters

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O P T I O N A L E X T E N S I O N : I N Q U I R Y T O R E S E A R C H

Ask Questions of the Texts

As you engage with texts in any subject, you can actively ask questions about the author’s purpose, intended audience, and occasion to understand the message. The table below provides examples.

Approaches

Example

Questions about the author

Is the author an authority on this topic? What was the author’s motivation in writing this piece?

Questions about the audience, purpose, and occasion of the text

Why was this article written? Why was it published at this time?

Questions about civics, economics, geography, and history

How do scientists classify different organisms?

Questions about concepts and ideas

How are organisms from different groups or classification categories alike and different?

Questions about self and community reflections

How do an organism’s environment and adaptations affect its classification?

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O P T I O N A L E X T E N S I O N : I N Q U I R Y T O R E S E A R C H

Ask Questions of the Texts (continued)

Use the table below to record questions about the text you read.

Approaches

Questions

Questions about the author

Questions about the audience, purpose, and occasion of the text

Questions about civics, economics, geography, and history

Questions about concepts and ideas

Self and Community Reflections

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