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Climate Impacts and Solutions

with En-ROADS

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Welcome to the Climate Impacts and Solutions with En-ROADS Module

Hello Fellow Educators!

The UMass Lowell Climate Change Initiative (CCI) and The Climate Initiative (TCI) are excited to share this module, created through our new collaboration. These lessons give educators the tools and confidence to bring interactive, engaging climate education into their classrooms. The lessons combine working with real-world data, interactive simulations, and real-world projects. They incorporate a cutting-edge, easy-to-use, climate science and policy computer model, En-ROADS. The platform is used around the world by students and experts alike. En-ROADS enables students to learn about a complex global problem, while empowering them to translate that knowledge into solutions and actions within their own community. The Climate Action Simulation, co-developed by Climate Interactive, the CCI, and MIT Sloan Sustainability Initiative, combines an engaging and fun role-play with the interactive En-ROADS model. Through this module, students will create local action projects for their schools and communities. They will also get to build their systems thinking skills, which will enable them to be better critical thinkers and future innovators.

The CCI is an award-winning UMass Lowell Research Center that informs and supports evidence-based climate action. Our research, education, and community engagement foster a transition to a sustainable, resilient, and equitable society. We recognize that climate change is more than a scientific problem with a technical solution. This is why we work collaboratively, across diverse disciplines, with decision-makers, and in communities to ensure that our scholarly work benefits society directly.

TCI is a non-partisan, solutions-based youth organization. Through its three pillars of Educate, Empower and Activate, TCI builds hope and agency in the face of a timely threat. By working with teachers and students through their national education programming and youth mobilization with clubs and coalitions, TCI is creating a cohesive and inclusive voice at the grassroots level to push decision-makers across governments, businesses, and communities to embrace climate solutions.

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About the Module

The six lessons listed below focus on climate change causes, impacts, and solutions. These lessons build students’ knowledge and confidence to take evidence-based action to address climate change. The design provides instructors with the flexibility to use synchronous or asynchronous formats, while accommodating different learning styles according to the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) Framework. Students can work in small groups or individually. We also include opportunities for students to share their work in a large group or potentially in a public forum.

The Learning Labs can be done in one class per week, or extended to fill an entire week for a deeper dive into the content. They are meant to be versatile and adaptable to different periods and ways of teaching and learning. We encourage you to use these resources in a way that works best for you. We also want to emphasize that we find the final action project important to give students a sense of agency and empowerment.

Introduction to climate change and En-ROADS -

(Lessons 1-3)

These lessons provide a basic understanding of weather, climate, and the introduction to climate change. You will review the impacts and effects of climate change on sea-level rise, ocean acidification, invasive species, and climate justice and equity. An Introduction to the En-ROADS program explains the basic dynamics of the energy system, Kaya identity, and non-CO2 emissions.

En-ROADS Climate Action simulation -

(Lessons 4-5)

En-ROADS simulations help students interact with different climate scenarios and reveal the causes of climate change. Students can use En-ROADS to identify climate solutions and policies. There is also a simulation debrief with key takeaways.

Action project –

(Lesson 6)

A hands-on action project will elevate student voices to start necessary conversations within their community. Given the tools to communicate effectively, a strong base of knowledge, and the inspiration to make a difference on a local level, students can be powerful agents of change.

Throughout the module, you will see these three icons. Teacher Presentations provides presentation slides that you can change and adapt to your classroom. Teacher Plans will bring you to an example lesson plan to coincide with the presentation. The student lab will link to student activities made for that particular lesson.

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Climate Impacts and Solutions with En-ROADS Module

OVERVIEW

Lesson 1

  • An overview of the causal connections between fossil fuels, atmospheric CO2, and temperature rise.
  • Activity exploring graphs and data depicting the "baseline scenario' in the En-ROADS model.

HEADS UP! Lesson 1 is a moment to pre-assess students' recent experiences with climate impacts, knowledge of the causes of climate change, and perspectives on their role in collective action. See Lesson 3 for a video tour of the En-ROADS interface.

Lesson 2

  • Overview of the impacts of climate change: sea level rise, ocean acidification, severe storms and wildfires, invasive species, and climate justice and equity.
  • Students complete a quiz that incorporates each impact of climate change and optional activities for each effect.

HEADS UP! You may want to break up this lesson into different days or take out information to adapt it to your classroom time length.

Lesson 3

  • Simulation role-play group assignments and preparation materials.
  • Video overviews of the simulation and En-ROADS model graphs, actions, and key underlying structures.

HEADS UP! Lessons 3-5 involve preparing, facilitation, and debriefing for the Climate Action Simulation (CAS) and/or activities using the En-ROADS model. We encourage you to explore the facilitator guide, overview videos, and other resources in Lesson 4 to prepare for Lesson 3.

Lesson 4

  • Instructor guides for hosting the Climate Action Simulation or En-ROADS Climate Workshop.

HEADS UP! The Climate Action Simulation is adaptable to your classroom needs. You may choose to host it as a special event or break up the simulation over several class periods. The CAS is a fun, interactive experience that students will remember, in-person or virtual.

Lesson 5

  • Instructor guide for hosting a debrief of the simulation.
  • Videos and audio materials for key En-ROADS model takeaways.

HEADS UP! Prepare for responding to the emotional impacts of the simulation on students and directing them towards a course of action and causes for hope. The key takeaway videos and materials will reinforce insights into the action needed to address climate change strategically.

Lesson 6

  • A description of the Action Project (with slide deck).
  • Action Project Guidelines with student and teacher instructions.
  • Action Project models and exemplars.

HEADS UP! The Action Project may take longer than a week to roll out and for the students to complete. Be patient with it! Students' work will be valuable to them and the community. Students may need research guidance for finding local data to quantify 10,000 lbs of CO2-e.

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Table of Contents

Have you seen our other modules?

CCI Modules

Public Service Announcement (PSA) for Grades 6-12

Using Systems Thinking to Understand Climate Change

Student-Led Video Production

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Educator Resource

Indigenous Perspectives

Overview

Helps us continue to improve our resources: take this short survey!

Climate Change is a global Issue. At TCI, we recognize the critical role that first nation, native and Indigenous Peoples’ rights and knowledge systems must play in developing solutions to the climate crisis and achieving climate justice. Their perspectives are too often left out of conversations and education around climate and environmental issues. This page shares resources to support integration of Indigenous knowledge and perspectives into your teaching and learning. You’ll also find content specific resources tailored to the En-ROADs Learning Lab.

Climate Change is a global Issue. At TCI, we recognize the critical role that first nation, native and Indigenous Peoples’ rights and knowledge systems must play in developing solutions to the climate crisis and achieving climate justice. Their perspectives are too often left out of conversations and education around climate and environmental issues. This page shares resources to support integration of Indigenous knowledge and perspectives into your teaching and learning. You’ll also find content specific resources tailored to the En-ROADs Learning Lab.

Teacher Resources

Culturally Responsive Classrooms

Culturally responsive teaching centers the unique and diverse experiences and identities of learners, supporting educators in building learning partnerships. It has been shown to increase student engagement and ownership of learning. [1] Culturally responsive teachers and leaders practice reflective teaching in order to gain a deeper understanding of themselves and their own impact on others. [2] Cultural responsiveness applies reflective teaching to an educator’s ability to recognize students’ cultural displays of learning and meaning making. This makes it easier to recognize the inherent differences between students, and to respond positively and constructively using cultural knowledge to connect what the students already know to new concepts and content. Use CRT to support academic and social-emotional growth for all students and build relationships with learners.

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Educator Resource

International Educators

Overview

Climate Change is a global Issue. If you are an educator using this resources outside of the United States, this page is for you! TCI Learning Labs can be used to educate, empower, and activate youth from anywhere in the world. TCI is designed to be easily integrated into a wide variety of learning settings & curricular frameworks. To help with this, we’ve created a database of case studies and content specific resources by global region, and compiled a collection of resources to help you integrate this Learning Lab into any classroom or learning space.

Connect

Become a Global Classroom Partner: Connect with educators and university students around the world

Global Math Project: A week-long global event for students and teachers, Global Math Week invites students to find joy in mathematics.

Climate Cardinals Chapter Program: empowering youth leaders & build climate-ready, resilient communities through localized climate education, includes non-English-speaking regions.

Join The Clean Network professionally diverse community committed to improving climate and energy literacy locally, regionally, nationally, and globally, to enable responsible decisions and actions.

Join the TCI Educator community: explore stories of change in your region or add your own!

Standard Alignment

TCI Learning Labs are aligned with the Common Core State Standards [CCSS] and Next Generation Science Standards [NGSS]. Review this guide on adapting curriculum to global standards to support curricular alignment with a variety of standards. Learn more about how the NGSS & CCSS align.

Helps us continue to improve our resources: take this short survey!

Global Climate Action Resources:

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Lesson Objective

Teaching Tools

Key Learnings

Students will distinguish between climate and climate change definitions and relate regional change with global climate change. They will explain the causal connections between burning fossil fuels, rising concentrations of atmospheric CO2, and rising global average temperature. Students will use the climate simulator, En-ROADS, to become familiar with historical and projected trends in energy sources and global average surface temperature.

Main Topics Addressed:

  • Global causes and impacts of climate change.
  • How regional change connects to global climate change.

Related Topics to Explore Further:

What are the causes of climate change?

What are some of the notable impacts of climate change?

What are the current or potential impacts of climate change in your local community?

How do you think individual action leads to systemic change?

How does a relatively small change in regional average temperature result in significant weather changes?

Teaching Links

Climate Impacts and Solutions with En-ROADS Module

Check out this video primer:

Lesson 1 Climate Change 101

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Lesson Objective

Teaching Tools

Key Learnings

Students will learn about the impacts of climate change with lessons on sea level rise, ocean acidification, severe weather and wildfires, invasive species, and climate justice and equity. Students will then relate these impacts to their local community and share their knowledge with others based on these modules and activities.

Main topics addressed:

  • Consequences of sea level rise
  • Ocean acidification impacts on shells
  • Severe storms and wildfires
  • Invasive species on the rise
  • Climate justice vs. climate equity

What are the consequences of climate change?

How are people adapting to climate change?

Weather patterns cause severe weather and wildfires.

What are invasive species?

People of color, low-income communities, the elderly, and women are impacted the most by climate change.

Teaching Links

Climate Impacts and Solutions with En-ROADS Module

Check out the video prior:

Related Topics to Explore Further:

Lesson 2 Climate Change Impacts

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Lesson Objective

Teaching Tools

Key Learnings

Students will describe the perspectives and priorities of important global stakeholders across businesses, government, and civil society. Students will familiarize themselves with the summit process, the En-ROADS interface, climate and energy policies and actions, and major drivers of CO2 emissions from energy through videos or instructor-led tutorials. Students will draft key points for their opening speech.

Topics addressed:

  • Perspectives on climate action from key stakeholders in the climate and energy system.
  • UN summit negotiation process.
  • En-ROADS baseline scenario, actions and policies, and the Kaya identity.

What is the goal of the upcoming Climate Action Simulation?

Which industries, organizations, or countries does your stakeholder group represent?

What are the top policy priorities of your group?

What additional information have you researched to support your proposal and convince other groups to support your decision?

Teaching Links

Climate Impacts and Solutions with En-ROADS Module

Check out the videos prior:

Facilitator Materials and Resources:

En-ROADS Resources:

Overview of the Climate Simulation:

Climate Change Solutions Simulator Interface Tour:

Lesson 3 Introduction to En-ROADS and the Climate Action Simulation

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Lesson Objective

Key Learnings

Students will engage in a role-play of international leaders convened at a United Nations climate action summit. They will apply what they know of their stakeholder roles and En-ROADS policies. To do so, they will design proposals while public speaking and debating to persuade other delegations to support collective action. Throughout the simulation, students will compare the relative impact of En-ROADS sliders and ultimately craft a climate solutions scenario to achieve international climate goals.

What solutions or policies did all teams negotiate?

How does En-ROADS support your policy?

What agreement did everyone conclude?

What projections does En-ROADS show for the agreement?

How can you apply this experience to the real world?

Climate Impacts and Solutions with En-ROADS Module

Lesson 4 Climate Action Simulation

Teaching Tools

Topics Addressed:

  • Process for climate negotiations.
  • Stakeholder perspectives.
  • Actions and policies in En-ROADS.
  • Impacts of actions on emissions and global temperature.

Facilitator Materials and Resources

Student Materials

Teaching Links

Check out how to run the Climate Action Simulation online:

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Lesson Objective

Teaching Tools

Key Learnings

Students reflect on their feelings and surprises during the Climate Action Simulation and re-evaluate the policies and actions that were most effective in bringing them towards their goal. Students review the En-ROADS model's key takeaways relating to the scale, urgency, and comprehensive action needed to address the problem strategically. Students brainstorm how this experience applies to the actions in their lives.

Topics addressed:

  • The emotional experience of (simulated) climate advocacy.
  • High and low leverage actions.
  • Students’ role in real-world action.

How did you feel advocating for climate action?

What actions had high or low leverage? Did it surprise you?

What were the most influential arguments or stakeholder groups during the negotiations? Why?

How much do emissions need to be reduced, and by when, to reach international climate goals?

How does this experience relate to action in the real world?

Teaching Links

Facilitator Materials:

Additional Resources:

Check out the video on En-ROADS key takeaways prior:

Climate Impacts and Solutions with En-ROADS Module

Lesson 5 Simulation Debrief

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Lesson Objective

Teaching Tools

Key Learnings

This action project brings students enthusiasm and learnings for climate change and En-ROADS out into the community. Community action projects are valuable tools to make students feel energized, confident that they can make a difference, and confident that their voices are an integral part of this movement. Students will design a project to reduce 10,000 lbs of CO2 over a 10-week period. You can implement this project in your school or community over the next few weeks or months.

Topics explained:

  • Reflection
  • The goal of the project
  • How to use En-ROADS to achieve goal
  • Project Design
  • Introduction to the three lenses: socio-cultural, economic, and ecological
  • Stock and Flow Diagrams and Causal Loop Diagrams (optional)

What is your goal?

How will you achieve your goal using En-ROADS?

How will you pursue your community or school with your design?

How will you communicate with your community on what you learned about climate change?

How were the three lenses included in your project?

Teaching Links

Check out this video prior:

Facilitator Materials:

Student Tools:

Additional Helpful Videos:

Climate Impacts and Solutions with En-ROADS Module

Lesson 6 Action Project

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Teacher Resources

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Teachers Guide

Climate Impacts and Solutions with En-ROADS Module:

Climate Change 101 Activity

Overview: This activity allows teachers to briefly introduce the En-ROADS simulator and the impacts of climate change. The En-ROADS Climate Solutions Simulator is a fast, powerful climate simulation tool. The simulator helps us understand how we can achieve our climate goals through policy and action taken at a global level. This activity will cover different aspects of the simulator, such as the global sources of primary energy, greenhouse gas emissions, and temperature changes. Feel free to use this activity during your presentation or as a homework assignment.

Objectives:

  • Give an introduction to the En-ROADS simulator.
  • Learn about global causes and impacts of climate change.
  • Learn about the baseline climate scenario.

Materials:

  1. Have students go on the En-ROADS Climate Solutions Simulator and look at the “Global Sources of Primary Energy” graph on the top left-hand side of the interface to answer the following questions:
    1. Describe which energy sources were most prevalent from the years 2000 - 2020.

Students can look at the graph and see that oil, coal, and gas were the top 3 most prevalent energy sources from 2000-2020.

    • If the world continues on its current path, how will these sources of energy change over the next 80 years?

By looking at the graph, students can see that oil, coal, and gas will continue to be the most prevalent energy sources over the next 80 years. Even with the growth in renewable energy supplies, oil, coal, and gas will continue to be the most prevalent energy sources.

  • Have students go to the “Graphs” dropdown in the menu, scroll down to “Greenhouse Gas Emissions,” and select “Greenhouse Gas Net Emissions by Gas-Area” to answer the following questions:
    • What are the two current prominent emissions types shown in the graph?

Students should find that carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are the two most prominent emission types.

    • You have learned about the sources of carbon dioxide, but what are the sources of the other major greenhouse gases?

Aside from CO2 and CH4, the other primary greenhouse gases sources are land-use CO2, F-gases, and N20.

  • Have students go to the “Graphs” dropdown in the menu, scroll down to “Impacts,” and select “Temperature Change” to answer the following questions:
    • In the En-ROADS baseline climate scenario, where the world does not take climate action to meet agreed-upon goals internationally, by what year will the globe reach 1.5°C temperature increase since pre-industrial times?

By 2029, the globe will reach a 1.5°C temperature increase since pre-industrial times.

    • By what year will the globe reach 2°C temperature increase since pre-industrial times?

By 2048, the globe will reach a 2°C temperature increase since pre-industrial times.

    • By 2100, what will the increase be?

By 2100, the increase will be 3.6°C.

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Teachers Guide

Climate Impacts and Solutions with En-ROADS Module:

Weather vs Climate Activity

Overview: This activity allows teachers to teach students about data sets and the difference between weather and climate. Data is all around us, and it is essential to teach students how to read and interpret data to understand the world better. Data helps create strategies to improve the world. You can use the weather vs. climate presentation to introduce the topic of weather and climate to students.

Objectives:

  • Understand the importance of data to inform us about the world around us.
  • Learn about the difference between weather and climate.
  • Understand linear graphs and what they represent.

Materials:

  • Have students look at the following introduction and graphs on Anchorage, AK.

Introduction: Anchorage, AK, has recently faced climate change due to warming temperatures. Figure 1 shows the average monthly temperatures in 2020 in Anchorage, AK, while Figure 2 shows the average monthly temperatures from 1989 to 2020.

Figure 1

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Teachers Guide

Climate Impacts and Solutions with En-ROADS Module:

Weather vs Climate Activity (continued)

  • After looking at the graphs, have students answer the following questions:
    • Anchorage, AK, is located in which hemisphere?

Anchorage is north of the equator, located in the northern hemisphere.

    • Which graph represents weather and which graph represents climate?

Since Figure 1 shows monthly temperatures, this graph represents weather. Figure 2 shows average temperatures throughout the years, which better represents climate.

    • How would you describe the weather in January 2020 in Anchorage, AK? What about July 2020?

Examples of an answer: The weather was very cold in January 2020 and warm in July 2020 in Anchorage, AK.

    • How would you describe the climate in Anchorage, AK?

Example of an answer: The climate in Anchorage, AK, is an Arctic climate.

    • What similarities and differences do you see between Figures 1 and 2? What about within Figure 2?

Examples of similarities: It is colder in January and warmer in July.

Example of differences: A gradual increase in overall temperature throughout the years.

    • Has the overall temperature increased or decreased over time? What do you think caused this change?

Overall temperature has increased. Example of causes: climate change caused by greenhouse gases.

    • What surprised you about these graphs?

Students get to describe their reactions here.

Figure 2:

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Teachers Guide

Climate Impacts and Solutions with En-ROADS Module:

Climate Impacts Quiz

Overview: This activity allows teachers to give a brief multiple choice quiz on the impacts of climate change on sea level rise, ocean acidification, severe storms and wildfires, invasive species, and climate justice and equity. Students can choose to do the quiz here, or you can print out the student activity sheet.

Objective:

  • Demonstrate what students have learned about the impacts of climate change on sea level rise, ocean acidification, severe storms and wildfires, invasive species, and climate equity and justice.

Materials:

Answer Key (highlighted responses are the correct answers):

  1. What are the 2 largest contributors that cause sea levels to rise?
    1. River runoff and invasive species
    2. Thermal expansion and melting land-ice
    3. Storms and hurricanes

  • How much has the average global temperature increased since 1880?
    • 1 °C
    • 2 °C
    • It has stayed the same since 1880

  • What is the primary cause of ocean acidification?
    • Methane from livestock
    • Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
    • Increase of hurricanes

  • What are the consequences of ocean acidification?
    • Ocean Acidification decreases the ocean’s ability to support life and habitats
    • Ocean acidification significantly reduces the ability of sea life to build shells
    • Both a and b

  • What causes wildfires to spread?
    • Combination of trees/shrubs, drought, and wind
    • Long periods of rain
    • Renewable energy

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Teachers Guide

Climate Impacts and Solutions with En-ROADS Module:

Climate Impacts Quiz (continued)

  • What is a significant consequence of temperature increase in the atmosphere?
    • Invasive species
    • Increased rainfall and flooding for an extended time in an area
    • Shorter storms globally

  • What are invasive species?
    • Species that are native to an area
    • Species not native to where they land and can grow aggressively and harm the surrounding environment
    • Sharks in Australia

  • What factors help spread invasive species?
    • Human impact and temperature or weather changes
    • Increased biodiversity and disease
    • There are no factors; it is a part of nature

  1. What is the definition of climate equity?
    1. Everyone is affected equally by climate change
    2. Recognizing the disproportionate impacts of climate change, especially to minorities, Indigenous, and poor communities
    3. The value and shares of a climate company

  • Which group of people are greatly affected by climate change the most?
    • Low-income communities, people of color, Indigenous people, people with disabilities, older or very young people, and women
    • White males in affluent communities
    • People in middle-class communities

  • What seems to be a common contributing factor to most climate change impacts?
    • Increase in atmospheric temperature
    • Renewable energy
    • Protests

  • What are some ways to reduce carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
    • Educate yourself and others
    • Vote for climate action
    • Both a and b

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Teachers Guide

Climate Impacts and Solutions with En-ROADS Module:

Sea Level Rise Activity

Overview: Students will watch this free documentary, Waterworld - Living with Climate Change, which shows how sea level rise affects communities living on the coast. This documentary also gives an alternative solution to sea level rise consequences by describing innovative projects that help coastal communities coexist with rising water levels. The following activity has guided questions that students can answer while watching or after the video.

Objective:

  • Show students real-life examples of sea level rise and why it is a significant problem of climate change.
  • Provide students with real-life alternative solutions to communities experiencing sea level rise.
  • Relate sea level rise to students’ communities.

Materials:

  • While watching the documentary or after, have students answer the following questions:

    • Why is the sea level rising? Give at least 3 reasons.

    • Describe 3 possible impacts of sea level rise.

    • How are people/communities adapting to sea level rise?

    • Give an example of a future project in this documentary.

    • What questions do you have about sea level rise?

    • What concerns you about sea level rise?

    • Is sea level rise affecting your community?

  • Have a discussion with your students about the documentary and their answers to the above questions.

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Teachers Guide

Climate Impacts and Solutions with En-ROADS Module:

Ocean Acidification Activity

Overview: This activity allows students to see how ocean acidification has changed globally from 1861 to now. It provides more information by using NOAA’s Data Exploration Tool and short module, Understanding Ocean and Coastal Acidification. The Data Exploration Tool shows the increase of ocean acidification by detecting current carbon dioxide levels. That is a significant contributor to ocean acidification and predicts levels to 2100. Students will be able to answer questions while looking at this simulation. The other module, Understanding Ocean and Coastal Acidification, lets students answer a few multiple-choice questions from Level 1 to Level 4. Level 5 allows students to investigate ocean acidification on their own.

Objective:

  • Give students an image of how ocean acidification has increased over time and will increase in the future.
  • Provide students with more information on ocean acidification with questions along the way.

Materials:

Part 1:

  • Have students go to The Data Exploration Tool for ocean acidification and answer the following questions:
    • What trend do you see from 1861 to 2100?

The oceans are becoming more acidic.

    • What is the overall projected pH level of the ocean surface in 2100?

7.7.

    • What areas are currently experiencing lower than average pH levels?

For 2021, examples include the Hudson Bay, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Yellow Sea, Arafura Sea, Malacca Strait, and others.

    • By looking at this simulation, how do you feel?

Part 2:

  1. Have students go through the short module, Understanding Ocean and Coastal Acidification, and answer the multiple-choice questions throughout the levels. Highlighted responses are the correct answers.

Level 1 questions:

Question 1: On the graph, trace your cursor over CO2 measurements from 1958-1960. Notice how CO2 changes over the course of one year. These regular ups and downs are likely caused by:

  1. photosynthesis and respiration
  2. burning of fossil fuels
  3. seasonal trends in tourism
  4. forest fires

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Teachers Guide

Climate Impacts and Solutions with En-ROADS Module:

Ocean Acidification Activity

Level 1 questions (continued):

Question 2: Next, notice how CO2 changes over the 60-year time period. The long-term, upward trend is likely caused by:

  1. Photosynthesis and respiration
  2. Burning of fossil fuels
  3. Volcanic eruptions
  4. Forest fires

Question 3: In the ocean, CO2 has increased by approximately_____ percent since 1988.

To calculate percent change, find the difference between the starting and ending values, and then divide by the starting value.

  1. 5%
  2. 15%
  3. 30%
  4. 50%

Level 2 questions:

Question 1: Between 1988 and 2019, the pH of the ocean has

  1. Increased by 0.25 pH units
  2. Decreased by 0.5 pH units
  3. Decreased by 0.05 pH units
  4. Decreased by 20 pH units

Question 2: Which statement best describes the relationship between ocean CO2 and pH?

  1. When CO2 increases, pH increases and acidity decreases
  2. When CO2 increases, pH decreases and acidity increases
  3. When CO2 increases, pH decreases and acidity decreases
  4. There is no relationship between CO2 and pH

Question 3: CO2 and pH both change in a predictable pattern from year to year. These regular ups and downs are not caused by carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere. Instead, they are likely caused by:

  1. Deforestation
  2. Algae blooms only
  3. Animal respiration only
  4. Seasonal changes in both photosynthesis and respiration

Question 4: By 2100, the pH of the surface ocean is projected to decrease to approximately:

  1. 8.1 pH units
  2. 7.9 pH units
  3. 7.7 pH units
  4. 7.0 pH units

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Teachers Guide

Climate Impacts and Solutions with En-ROADS Module:

Ocean Acidification Activity

Level 3 questions:

Question 1: Along the coast of Washington, pH can vary between:

  1. 7.9 and 8.4
  2. 8.0 and 8.3
  3. 7.7 and 8.6
  4. 7.7 and 8.0

Question 2: In Washington, pH is much more variable than it is in HI. This variability is likely caused by:

  1. Burning of fossil fuels
  2. Seasonal upwelling
  3. Excess nutrients that cause algae blooms
  4. A combination of factors (natural and human-caused), including all of the above.

Question 3: In Washington, ocean acidification

  1. is more variable, with extreme changes in pH
  2. is less variable, with slight changes in pH
  3. shows very predictable patterns
  4. shows a clear, long-term decline in pH

Level 4 questions:

Question 1: When carbon dioxide enters the ocean, it reacts with water and carbonate to form:

  1. Carbonic acid
  2. Bicarbonate
  3. Calcium carbonate
  4. Oxygen

Question 2: When carbon dioxide enters the ocean, the amount of carbonate available for shell-building animals:

  1. Increases
  2. Stays the same
  3. Decreases
  4. Oscillates

Question 3: In Washington, larval oysters may not have enough aragonite to grow and build shells over 50% of the time during which month(s)?

  1. January – February
  2. March – April
  3. December - March
  4. May – September

Question 4: In March, conditions are lethal for larval oysters:

  1. Never
  2. Rarely
  3. Sometimes
  4. Most of the time

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Teachers Guide

Climate Impacts and Solutions with En-ROADS Module:

Ocean Acidification Activity (continued)

Level 4 questions continued:

Question 5: By 2100, the average Ω of seawater in coastal Washington will be approximately:

  1. 2.0
  2. 1.6
  3. 1.0
  4. 0.8

Question 6: By 2100, shell-building animals in coastal Washington may:

  1. Have difficulty growing their shells
  2. Have difficulty keeping their shells from eroding
  3. Not be able to survive
  4. All of the above are possible

Level 5: Have students design their own investigation on ocean acidification by applying what they have learned about ocean acidification along the Pacific Coast to the Gulf of Maine. More information on this is available in Level 5 of the module.

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Teachers Guide

Climate Impacts and Solutions with En-ROADS Module:

Severe Storms and Wildfires Activity

Overview: This activity allows students to independently research an area affected by severe storms or wildfires and relate it to other areas in the world. Examples include:

  • Wildfires in Australia
  • Typhoons in Southeast Asia
  • Floods in Germany
  • Hurricanes in Louisiana
  • Wildfires in California
  • Tornados in the Midwest, United States

This way, students can use their own area of interest and learn how severe storms or wildfires impact that area. Students will then answer questions about the area impacted.

Objective:

  • Learn about real-world scenarios on severe weather or wildfires.
  • Relate severe storms or wildfires to other areas in the world.
  • Learn about solutions implemented and why they worked or did not work.

Materials:

  • Have students research an area affected by severe storms or wildfires.

  • While researching the area, have students answer the following questions:
    • What is the problem?
    • Why does the problem exist? Is there any background information provided? If so, what?
    • What areas of the world are experiencing the same problem?
    • Were there implemented solutions to solve the problem? Did it work? If so, will it work long-term?

  • Discuss with your students about the areas they researched and connect the different areas to climate change.

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Teachers Guide

Climate Impacts and Solutions with En-ROADS Module:

Invasive Species Activity

Overview: Students will learn about the Browntail moths, an invasive species, by researching it through Invasive.org. The platform is a joint project between the University of Georgia - Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health, USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA Forest Service, USDA Identification Technology Program, and USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. This project helps people learn about invasive species around the United States. Students can also learn about other invasive species through this website and even those invasives in their community.

Objective:

  • Learn about browntail moths and why they are invasive.
  • Relate browntail moths to the three lenses - ecological, social/human, and economic- impacts.
  • Learn about invasive species that are invasive to your community.

Materials:

  • Have students go to invasive.org, click on the Insects icon, and search for browntail moths. Now, have them review the 1st Pest Alert and answer the following questions:
    • Who issued the Pest Alert for browntail moths?

United States Department of Agriculture.

    • When and where was the browntail moth first found in the U.S.? What is the browntail moth's native area? What caused its rapid spread?

Around springtime of 1897, someone first found the brown moth in Somerville, Massachusetts. It is native to Europe. The lack of natural control agents contributed to its rapid spread throughout the Northeast.

    • Which geographic region is affected by this invasive species?

The Northeast. By the 1970s, brown moths were only on a few islands in Casco Bay, Maine, and Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

    • How does this species affect the landscape? What is one way to combat the browntail moth?

They feed on leaves of many trees and shrubs and sometimes can completely defoliate the tree or shrub. One way to combat browntail moths is by clipping the webs during winter months and soaking them in water and detergent while still inside.

    • Thinking about this problem through the three lenses, what are the ecological, social/human, and economic impacts of browntail moths?

Examples include businesses depending on leaves of trees/shrubs, animals/insects using leaves for shelter or food, and others.

    • How could you use this website as a resource in your area?

Students should give examples of invasive species in their area and describe how this can help them.

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Teachers Guide

Climate Impacts and Solutions with En-ROADS Module:

Climate Equity and Justice Activity

Overview: Students will write their own case study on a specific climate justice and equity issue for this activity. Some examples include:

  • Indigenous peoples in Africa’s Kalahari Desert forcefully live around government drilled bores for water.
  • Environmental racism towards African Americans after Hurricane Katrina.
  • Elderly people developing high risk of asthma and other diseases related to climate change.
  • Low-income communities placed in flooding areas.
  • Women and children are more likely to be displaced due to climate change than men.

Case studies help students view different perspectives on a topic and better understand it.

Objective:

  • Learn about climate justice and equity issues.
  • Read about first-hand experiences on climate justice and equity issues.
  • Brainstorm different solutions to these issues.

Materials:

  • Student activity sheet (page 7 of the module)
  • Teacher presentation slides (slides 29-34)
  • Computer to research different climate justice and equity issues

  • Have students research a climate justice and equity issue and write their own case study. Make sure the case study answers the following questions:

    • What group(s) is being affected?

    • What climate issue is affecting them?

    • Has there been any change or help in the issue?

    • What do you think can help solve climate justice and equity?

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Teachers Guide

Climate Impacts and Solutions with En-ROADS Module:

Introduction to En-ROADS and the Climate Action Simulation Activity

Overview: This activity introduces students to En-ROADS and the Climate Action Simulation Activity. Students will be put into their stakeholder groups and learn about their group’s priorities and briefing statements. This activity will help students understand what industries fall within their stakeholder group, as well as industry roles concerning climate change, policy priorities, and negotiation skills.

Objectives:

  • Understand the Climate Action Simulation Activity.
  • Learn about stakeholder groups and briefing statements.
  • Understand different industries and roles of groups concerning climate change.
  • Determine policy priorities.
  • Use negotiation skills to figure out what students want from other stakeholders.
  • Draft an opening speech for the Climate Action Simulation.

Materials:

  • Have students complete the following questions:

    • What is the name of the stakeholder group you will play in the simulation? Which industries, organizations, or countries does your delegation represent?
    • Research your industry. What is the role of your industry in climate change?
    • What are your team’s top 3 policy priorities?
    • Think about the other stakeholders. What do you want from other stakeholders? What are you willing to offer, if anything? Why?
    • Consider the information you gathered above and use the remaining space to draft your opening speech at the summit. What are the key points you think your delegation should make at the start of the simulation? Make sure to include whom you represent, your connection to the problem of climate change, and the proposed action(s) you pledge to take.

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Teachers Guide

Climate Impacts and Solutions with En-ROADS Module:

Climate Action Simulation

Overview: This activity helps students compare and contrast solutions or policies their stakeholder group created with other solutions or policies. This activity also allows students to show how En-ROADS supports their solutions or policies and how they came into an overall agreement.

Objectives:

  • Negotiate with other stakeholder groups on policies or solutions for climate action.
  • Show how En-ROADS supports their policy or solution.
  • Understand different industries and roles of groups with climate change.
  • Agree on a climate action policy or solution with all stakeholder groups.

Materials:

  • Have students go through the Climate Action Simulation and answer the following questions:

    • What solutions or policies did your stakeholder group create?
    • How did En-ROADS support your solutions or policies?
    • What solutions or policies did other stakeholder groups negotiate?
    • How did En-ROADS support their solutions or policies?
    • Did everyone agree on a solution or policy? If so, describe it below and show how En-ROADS supports the agreement.

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Teachers Guide

Climate Impacts and Solutions with En-ROADS Module:

Simulation Debrief

Overview: This activity helps students reflect on their feelings and surprises during the Climate Action Simulation. Students will re-evaluate the policies and actions that were most effective in bringing them towards their goal. The emotional experience of the Climate Action Simulation is an important area to discuss, and this activity will help students talk about their experiences.

Objectives:

  • Students will reflect on their experience at the Climate Action Simulation.
  • Discuss the impacts of actions taken in En-ROADS and social dynamics between delegations.
  • Compare what students learned about climate change before and after using En-ROADS.
  • Determine how this experience relates to action in the real world.

Materials:

  • Have students answer the following questions and share their answers with partners or small groups:

    • How did you feel during the simulation? Have your feelings changed? Why or why not?
    • Was there anything that surprised you? Reflect on both the impacts of actions taken in En-ROADS and any social dynamics between delegations.
    • As a result of working with En-ROADS, did your thoughts change which actions or policies effectively address climate change? You can answer this with “I used to think [X], but now I know [Y].”
    • How can you apply what you have learned and experienced to the real world? What do you see as your individual role in supporting collective, systemic change?

  • Ask students to share how they felt and what surprised them with the class for a large group debrief.

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Teachers Guide

Climate Impacts and Solutions with En-ROADS Module:

Action Project Guided Questionnaire

Overview: Students will be completing the Action Project by reducing heat-trapping gases by 10,000 lbs over a 10-week period. They will design a project over the next few weeks or months in their school or community. Since this is the final project, this organized activity will guide students on the requirements needed to complete this project.

Objectives:

  • Students will use the knowledge gained from the past 5 lessons to design a project to reduce 10,000 lbs of CO2 emissions from their school or community.
  • Learn and incorporate En-ROADS in their action project.
  • Include the 3 lenses in the design of the project (sociocultural, economic, and ecological impacts).
  • Communicate with their school or community on their project design.

Materials:

  • While completing the action project, have students answer the following guided questions:

    • What is your goal, and how will you achieve it?
    • How will the three lenses (sociocultural, ecological, and economical) be considered in your design? Fill them in the chart below:

    • How will you incorporate En-ROADS with your design?
    • How will you pursue your community or school with your design? How will you communicate with your community on what you learned about climate change?
    • What are the next steps needed to complete your project?

Sociocultural

Economic

Ecological

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Action Project Guidelines

Teacher Instructions

Overview:

Students will work independently or in groups to take the information they have learned about climate change impacts and solutions over the last five lessons and do something about it. They will create action plans to share their learnings with the community.

Objectives:

  • Students will communicate what they have learned about climate change solutions using En-ROADS.
  • Students will give and receive feedback as part of the drafting process.
  • Students will be able to present their action projects to their peers.
  • Students will create a plan that puts their understanding and learning into action.
  • Before completing this project, students will have a deep understanding of climate change and En-ROADS.

Timeline: To be completed over 3 weeks- three in class work days, one-two weeks to work at home, one day of in class presentations.

Grading:

You can grade students on the standards listed below. Additionally, you can grade the assignments in Steps 1, 3, and 5 separately.

We provide an example rubric so that students understand what you expect from their projects. An example of a rubric that you can use is here.

Rubrics:

Every teacher uses different rubrics for evaluation. We include this article on Rubrics to get you started.

  1. Define Your Goal.
  2. Choose a Rubric Type.
  3. Determine Your Criteria.
  4. Create Your Performance Levels.
  5. Write Descriptors for Each Level of Your Rubric.
  6. Revise Your Rubric.

Project Competencies

Competency

How to Demonstrate Competency in the Action Project

Climate System Literacy

Explain how your action project addresses the causes and impacts of climate change.

Knowledge of Climate Solution

Describe your solution’s impact at a global scale and thoughtfully design a local application that would work for your community. Demonstrate how your project would reduce 10,000 lbs of CO2 in 10 weeks.

Application of the Three Lenses

Besides the climate impacts, name your solution’s sociocultural, ecological, and economic impacts. How would people, habitats, and the economy be impacted?

Communication of Action Project

Present your action project that speaks to the above competencies. Show that you have thought about how this project could be implemented locally by naming the following steps and identifying whom you would need to involve to make it happen.

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Summative Assessment

Action Project

Possible Supports/Scaffolds:

Optional-- you can use any combination of these supports or none, depending on where your students are and what you want to assess!

  • Model an action project and have the model available for students to refer to throughout the project.
  • Provide sentence frames for the feedback sessions to help students start a productive peer review process (I heard you say, I noticed, I wonder, I was confused, I liked, etc.).
  • Set up 1:1 check-in times with each group to discuss their progress and provide guidance or tips along the way--- especially in the beginning as they get going.
  • Give students a list of potential action projects that they can choose from if the brainstorming section becomes a struggle or a barrier.
  • Provide additional graphic organizers for students to keep track of their planning process.

Tasks

Step 1: Students reflect on the last 5 lessons. They answer the following questions in writing in an assignment in Google Classroom. This assignment can be completed as homework the day before introducing the action project.

  • Why do you think there is a gap between knowledge and action?
  • What type of communication/experience over the last 5 lessons most resonated with you? Why?
  • What is the most important thing you want your community to know (and/or do) about climate change and CO2 -equivalents?
  • How can you help build your community’s resilience to climate change?

Step 2: Review the Student Instructions and Expectations with the students. Include any supports you feel are necessary for your group of students.

Step 3: Students choose to work independently or with one or two people to complete this project.

Step 4: Students brainstorm with their groupmates or independently. They can use the graphic organizer to aid in the brainstorming process if you choose. The graphic organizer can be an in-class assignment or as homework.

Step 5: Provide feedback on the student brainstorming. Once they have received feedback, they can draft their plan during class time. Their plans should include the following information:

Materials needed - Development Timeline - Outcomes you are looking for - How you will measure the outcomes

Step 6: Once groups have drafted plans, plan a peer review and feedback day. Pair up groups and have them present their drafts. Encourage them to give feedback using the questions below, which also can be put in Google Classroom to count as an assignment. They can complete the peer-review process during class time.

  • What is the goal of the group’s action project?
  • How does their project achieve that goal?
  • Give the group 3-5 SPECIFIC pieces of feedback.
  • What is one (or more!) thing that you liked about their plan?
  • Do you have any additional suggestions or ideas that they should consider?

Step 7: Students then finalize and implement their plans outside of class.

Step 8: Set up a day for students to present their plans to the class. Their presentations should include the following:

The plan itself - Goals - What feedback you included and how it was incorporated - How you measured the outcomes - Outcomes - What you learned through this action plan project

**These instructions refer to a Google Classroom. If you do not use Google Classroom- no worries! Consider taking out the references to Google Classroom and replacing them with where your students can find the assignments and where they should turn their work in as they go.**

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Action Project - Summative Assessment

Student Instructions

Objectives:

  • You will communicate what you have learned about climate change solutions using En-ROADS.
  • You will give and receive feedback.
  • You will present your action projects to your peers.
  • You will create a plan that puts your learning into action.

Due Date: The final presentation will be in class on __________.

Grading:

You will be graded on the above standards using the rubric below. Additionally, the separately graded assignments in Steps 1, 3, and 5 are in Google Classroom.

You will not be directly graded for the draft of your plan, but please take this part seriously, as the farther along your draft is, the more fruitful the peer review process will be!

Tasks:

Step 1: HOMEWORK DUE ON:

Reflect on the unit you have engaged in over the last 5 lessons. Answer the following questions in writing (these questions are in the REFLECTION assignment on Google Classroom).

  1. Why do you think there is a gap between knowledge and action?
  2. What type of communication/experience over the last 5 lessons most resonated with you? Why?
  3. What is the most important thing you want your community to know (and/or do) about climate change and CO2 -equivalents?
  4. How can you help build your community’s resilience to climate change?

Step 2: IN CLASS ASSIGNMENT:

Choose one or two people to complete this project with, or If you would like to work independently, that is okay too!

Step 3: IN CLASS ASSIGNMENT:

Start to brainstorm with your groupmates or independently. Use the graphic organizer (NEXT PAGE) to aid in the brainstorming process (the graphic organizer is in the BRAINSTORM assignment on Google Classroom).

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Graphic Organizer

For Students

What is your goal?

Think back to your reflection assignment. What is the most important thing you want your community to know about CO2 -equivalents, and what do you want to do about it? Share your answers with each other, and then develop a common goal for your action project. Be specific.

What is your message? What would you like to achieve? What learning outcomes would you like the community to have?

Who is your target audience?

Think about who climate change solutions affect and how the three lenses (sociocultural, ecological, and economical) fit this picture.

Why does it matter to them?

How will you achieve your goal?

How will you use En-ROADS?

Will you engage community members in an activity?

Will you create a piece of media?

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Tasks Continued:

Step 4: IN CLASS ASSIGNMENT

Start to draft your plan! In your draft, include the following information:

  • Materials needed
  • Development timeline
  • Outcomes you are looking for
  • How the outcomes will be measured

Step 5: IN CLASS ASSIGNMENT

Pair up with another group in class. Present the draft of your idea and listen to the draft of their idea. Give each other feedback using the questions below (these questions are also in the FEEDBACK assignment in Google Classroom).

  1. What is the goal of the group’s action project?
  2. How does their project achieve that goal?
  3. Give the group 3-5 SPECIFIC pieces of feedback.
  4. What is one (or more!) thing that you liked about their plan?
  5. Do you have any additional suggestions or ideas that they should consider?

Step 6: HOMEWORK DUE ON:

Finalize and implement your plan.

Step 7: TO BE DONE IN CLASS ON:

Present your plan and the outcomes of your plan to the class. Your presentation should include the following:

  • The plan itself
  • Goals
  • What feedback you include, and how it was incorporated
  • How you measured the outcomes
  • Outcomes
  • What you learned through this action plan project

Action Project - Summative Assessment

Student Instructions

Project Competencies

Competency

How to Demonstrate Competency in the Action Project

Climate System Literacy

Explain how your action project addresses the causes and impacts of climate change.

Knowledge of Climate Solution

Describe your solution’s impact at a global scale and thoughtfully design a local application that would work for your community. Demonstrate how your project would reduce 10,000 lbs of CO2 in 10 weeks.

Application of the Three Lenses

Besides the climate impacts, name your solution’s sociocultural, ecological, and economic impacts. How would people, habitats, and the economy be impacted?

Communication of Action Project

Present your action project that speaks to the above competencies. Show that you have thought about how this project could be implemented locally by naming the following steps and identifying whom you would need to involve to make it happen.

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Example of Rubric

Comments:

Standard

4 (Exceeds)

3 (Meets)

2 (Partially meets)

1 (Does not meet)

Design a project that would reduce 10,000 lbs of CO2 -equivalents in your community or school over a 10-week period.

The students’ action project design can be evaluated and measured using En-ROADS to show that it can reduce 10,000 lbs of CO2 -equivalents in the community or school.

The students’ action project design helps reduce 10,000 lbs of CO2 -equivalents in the community or school.

The students’ action project design is incomplete or unclear in reducing 10,000 lbs of CO2 -equivalents in the community or school.

The students’ action project design does not reduce 10,000 lbs of CO2 -equivalents in the community or school.

NGSS SEP (#8): Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information.

The students’ action project comprehensively and professionally communicates information that has been obtained and evaluated.

The students obtain, evaluate, and communicate information effectively through their action project.

The students obtain and evaluate information, but it is not communicated well in their action project.

The students do not obtain, evaluate, or communicate information through their action project.

English Standard:

ELA-Literacy.SL.9- 10.4

The students’ presentation on their plan is seamless and professional.

They meet all of the criteria required for a 3 and exceed expectations for a high school level presentation.

The students present plans:

  • Clearly
  • Concisely
  • Logically

In a way that is

  • Organized
  • Developed
  • Appropriate for the audience.

The students’ plan & presentation meets 3 or 4 of the 6 criteria for a 3.

The students’ plan & presentation meets less than 3 of the 6 criteria for a 3. 

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Stay Engaged!

Did you know that our Learning Labs are translated into five languages?

Join TCI on our community platforms!

For educators:

Sign-up for TCI’s Facebook & Whatsapp Groups to stay connected to other Learning Lab teachers and implementers!

For students:

Have students sign-up for TCI’s Ambassador program for high school and college students.

Other Resources:

Check back on our Educator Hub for regular updates and chances for your classroom to be featured in our monthly email newsletter, the Learning Lab Link!

Students can join TCI’s Youth Advisory Council or go through our Climate Action Leadership Program!

Add your story to the National Climate Action Map!

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Contact

Get In Touch

We’re here for you! Shoot us a line if you need support, have a question or piece of feedback, or want to share something with us!

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Leia Lowery

Executive Director

The Climate Initiative

leia@theclimateinitiative.org

Melissa Luetje

Freeport High School Science Teacher

luetjem@rsu5.org

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Alexa Sabatini

Programs Coordinator

The Climate Initiative

alexa@theclimateinitiative.org