CREATING SCRIPTS IN POWERSHELL.

INTRODUCTION TO POWERSHELL

• What is PowerShell ?
• PowerShell is a powerful command-line tool and scripting language developed by Microsoft for automating system management and administration. Unlike the classic command-line tool (CMD), PowerShell is based on .NET and uses an object-oriented approach.
• It combines three main components:
• Interactive command shell – you can enter commands in real time.
• Scripting language – allows you to write complex automation scenarios.
• Runtime environment – processes commands and manages system processes.

WHY DO YOU NEED POWERSHELL?

• PowerShell is used for: �✅ Automating tasks – managing users, files, processes, network settings, and updates. �✅ Managing Windows and Linux – it works on different operating systems, making it a universal tool. �✅ Integrating with various services – you can manage cloud services ( Azure , AWS), databases, and server applications. �✅ Writing powerful scripts – it supports complex structures (conditional statements, loops, functions, modules). �✅ Working with objects – PowerShell returns objects, not just text, which simplifies data processing.
• Example of a simple command:
• Get-Process
• This command lists all running processes on the system.
• Example script:
• # Create a file with the current date
• $ date = Get-Date -Format " yyyy -MM-dd"
• $ filePath = "C:\Logs\log_$date.txt"
• New-Item -Path $ filePath -ItemType File

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This script creates a new file in the C:\Logs folder with the date in the name.

POWERSHELL

• PowerShell is more than just a command line; it's a powerful automation and management tool with a wide range of capabilities.
• 🔹 1. Working with commands ( Cmdlets )
• PowerShell uses Cmdlets , which are built- in commands designed to perform various tasks.
• Examples:
• Get-Process # Get a list of processes
• Get-Service # View all services
• Get- ChildItem C:\ # View files and folders in a directory

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POWERSHELL

• 🔹 2. Working with variables and data
• PowerShell allows you to create and use variables to store data.
• Example:
• $name = "PowerShell"
• Write-Output " Hello, $ name!" # Outputs: Hello, PowerShell!
• 🔹 3. Managing files and folders
• PowerShell makes it easy to create, modify, and delete files and folders. Example:
• New-Item -Path "C:\Test" -ItemType Directory # Create a folder
• New-Item -Path "C:\Test\file.txt" -ItemType File # Create a file
• Remove-Item "C:\Test\file.txt" # Delete file

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POWERSHELL

• 🔹 4. Process and Service Management
• PowerShell allows you to manage running processes and system services. �Examples:
• Get-Process | Sort-Object CPU -Descending # Sort processes by CPU usage
• Stop-Process -Name "notepad" # Close the notepad
• Restart-Service -Name "Spooler" # Restart the print service
• 🔹 5. Cycles and conditions
• PowerShell supports looping and conditional constructs. Example:
• for ($i=1; $i -le 5; $i++) { Write-Output "Iteration $i" }

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POWERSHELL

• 🔹 6. Working with the network
• PowerShell can be used to manage networks and test connections. �Examples:
• Test-Connection google.com # Checking website availability ( ping)
• 🔹 7. Task automation (Task Scheduler )
• You can set up scheduled script launches using the Task Scheduler . Here's an example of an automatic script launch:
• schtasks /create / tn " MyScript " /tr "powershell.exe -File C:\Scripts\script.ps1" / sc daily / st 09:00

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POWERSHELL

• 🔹 8. Security and Administration
• PowerShell allows you to manage users, groups, and security policies. �Examples:
• Get- LocalUser # List of local users
• Add- LocalGroupMember -Group "Administrators" -Member "User1" # Add a user to the administrators group
• 🔹 9. Integration with cloud services
• PowerShell is used to manage Azure , AWS, Microsoft 365, and other cloud services. Azure login example :
• Connect- AzAccount
• 🔹 10. Expand capabilities through modules
• PowerShell supports loading additional modules. �For example:
• Install-Module -Name Az # Install the module to work with Azure
• Import-Module Az # Add module

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POWERSHELL

• PowerShell can be run in several development environments, each with its own features and conveniences. The main tools for working with PowerShell are:

PowerShell console ( PowerShell Console )

Description:

• PowerShell command line built into Windows.
• Allows you to execute commands, run scripts and manage the system.

How to open:

• Press Win + R , type powershell , press Enter .
• Or search for "Windows PowerShell " in the Start menu.

Example of use:

• Get-Process # Get a list of running processes

POWERSHELL

• 🔹 2. PowerShell ISE (Integrated Scripting Environment)
• Description:
• PowerShell ISE is a built-in Windows environment for working with PowerShell scripts.
• Allows you to write, test, and debug scripts in a convenient graphical interface.
• How to open:
• Windows PowerShell ISE into the search box. and run.
• Or run the command in the PowerShell console:

ise

Example of use:

Write-Output "Hello, PowerShell ISE!"

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POWERSHELL

🔹 3. Visual Studio Code (VS Code) + PowerShell Extension

Description:

• VS Code is a modern and powerful code editor from Microsoft.
• With the PowerShell extension ( PowerShell Extension ) it becomes a full-fledged environment for writing and debugging PowerShell scripts.

How to install:

1. Download and install VS Code from the official website .
2. Open VS Code, go to Extensions ( Ctrl + Shift + X ).
3. Find and install the PowerShell extension .
4. You can now write PowerShell scripts directly in VS Code.

Example of use:

# Example script in VS Code

$date = Get-Date

Write-Output " Today's date: $ date"

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🔹 CONCLUSION: WHICH ENVIRONMENT SHOULD YOU CHOOSE?

Recommendation

✅ For simple commands , use PowerShell Console . �✅ For beginners , PowerShell ISE is a good choice . �✅ For development and professional administration , VS Code with the PowerShell extension is the best choice!

AUTOMATING TASKS WITH POWERSHELL

• PowerShell is a powerful tool for automating routine tasks such as managing files, services, users, backups, and task scheduling.
• 🔹 1. Running scripts (.ps1)
• You can create and run a PowerShell script to automate actions.
• 📌 Example: Creating and running a script
• Open Notepad and enter the code:
• Write-Output " Script executed!"

2. Save the file as script.ps1.

3. Run it in PowerShell :

.\script.ps1

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AUTOMATING TASKS WITH POWERSHELL

• 🔹 2. Task Scheduler
• up automatic script launching via Task Scheduler .
• 📌 Example: Creating a task to run a script daily
• $Action = New- ScheduledTaskAction -Execute "powershell.exe" -Argument "C:\Scripts\backup.ps1"
• $Trigger = New- ScheduledTaskTrigger -Daily -At 9AM
• Register- ScheduledTask - TaskName " BackupTask " -Action $Action -Trigger $Trigger -User "SYSTEM"
• This code creates a task that runs backup.ps1 every day at 09:00.

AUTOMATING TASKS WITH POWERSHELL

• 🔹 3. Automate file management
• You can automatically create, modify, or delete files.
• 📌 Example: Copying files and creating a backup
• Copy-Item "C:\Data\file.txt" -Destination "C:\Backup\file_$(Get-Date -Format yyyyMMdd ).txt"
• This script creates a backup file with the date in the name.
• 🔹 4. Automatic process control
• You can monitor processes and automatically close unnecessary ones.
• 📌 Example: Close Notepad if it is open
• $process = Get-Process -Name "notepad" - ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
• if ($process) { Stop-Process -Name "notepad" -Force }

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AUTOMATING TASKS WITH POWERSHELL

• 🔹 5. System monitoring and notifications
• You can automatically check the system status and send reports.
• 📌 Example: Checking free disk space and notification
• $disk = Get- PSDrive -Name C
• if ($ disk.Free - lt 10GB) {
• Send- MailMessage -To "admin@example.com" -From "server@example.com" -Subject " Low disk space" - Body " Less than 10 GB left on drive C !" - SmtpServer "smtp.example.com"
• }
• 🔹 6. Automate user management
• You can add or remove users automatically.
• 📌 Example: Creating a new user
• New- LocalUser -Name "User1" -Password ( ConvertTo-SecureString "Pass123" - AsPlainText -Force) - FullName "User One" -Description " New user"

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PRACTICE: WRITING A SIMPLE POWERSHELL SCRIPT

Task:

Write a PowerShell script that:

1. Creates the C:\Logs folder if it does not exist.
2. Creates a text file in this folder with the current date in the name.
3. Writes the current date and time to a file.
4. Displays a success message.

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PRACTICE: WRITING A SIMPLE POWERSHELL SCRIPT

🔹 Solution:

log_creator.ps1

# 1. Determine the path to the folder

$ folderPath = "C:\Logs"

# 2. Check if the folder exists, if not, create it.

if (!(Test- Path $ folderPath )) {

New- Item - Path $ folderPath - ItemType Directory

Write-Output "The folder $ folderPath has been created."

}

# 3. Form a file name with the current date

$ date = Get- Date -Format " yyyy -MM- dd "

$ filePath = "$ folderPath \log_$date.txt"

# 4. Write the current date and time to a file

$ logMessage = "Execution date and time: $(Get- Date )"

$ logMessage | Out-File - FilePath $ filePath - Append

# 5. Display a message about successful completion

Write-Output "File $ filePath successfully created and updated!"

PRACTICE: WRITING A SIMPLE POWERSHELL SCRIPT

🔹 How to run this script:

1. Create a file log_creator.ps1 in Notepad or VS Code.
2. Save the file to a convenient location, such as C:\Scripts\log_creator.ps1 .
3. Launch PowerShell and run the command:

C:\Scripts\log_creator.ps1

4. Checking the result: The file log_YYYY-MM-DD.txt will appear in the C:\Logs folder, containing a record of the date and time of execution.

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🔹 Extra Assignment (for advanced learning) Modify the script to delete files older than 7 days. Hint: Use the command:

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Get- ChildItem "C:\Logs" | Where-Object { $_. LastWriteTime - lt (Get-Date). AddDays (-7) } | Remove-Item

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION