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螢幕時間與心理健康

由 Chandan Shergill, ACSW, PPSC 撰寫

https://tinyurl.com/mbe7vwf3

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Click Interpretation Click the language you would like to hear. (Optional) To hear the interpreted language only, click Mute Original Audio.
點擊 Interpretation 後單擊您想聽的語言。(可自選)若只想收聽所選語言請單擊靜音原本音頻 (Mute Original Audio) 。

Interpretation - Interpretación - 翻譯

Para interpretación en español, haga clic en el icono de “interpretación" y seleccione español. Luego, haga clic en "Silenciar audio original".

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內容

大局：青少年的心理健康狀況如何？
青少年大腦的統計數據和事實
潛在的陷阱和實用技巧：比較、壓力、戲劇性和孤立
家長策略/如何提供協助的提示
資源

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對年輕人的影響

媒體有正面的好處。然而; 如果媒體使用不當，可能會對青少年的情緒健康和行為產生負面影響。

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整體統計

某一年，美國有 13% 到 20% 的兒童患有精神障礙。

統計數據

2

3

1

5

6

4

一些與社交媒體的研究鏈接

在電子設備上花費 5 小時以上的青少年出現至少一種與自殺相關的結果的可能性高出 66%。

自殺率

自殺是 15-24 歲族群的第二大死因。

憂鬱症增加

2010 年至 2015 年，患有嚴重憂鬱症狀的 8 至 12 年級學生人數增加了 33%。

另一方面 ...

其他研究人員表示，數據實際上表明社群媒體只能解釋 0.36% 的憂鬱症狀。

變數太多

因為變數太多，原因和結果之間的關聯也不清楚，所以我們沒有很多明確的答案。

Twenge, et al., 2017; Kessler, et al., 2005; CDC, 2017

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青少年的媒體使用

2021 年常識媒體統計

自疫情爆發以來，青少年使用螢幕媒體的比例高達 17%。

每天的娛樂螢幕總量（平均）

過去兩年媒體使用的成長速度比大流行前的四年還要快。

總體而言，男孩比女孩使用更多的螢幕媒體。

黑人和西班牙裔/拉丁裔兒童比白人兒童更多地使用螢幕。

高收入家庭的孩子使用螢幕娛樂的次數少於中低收入家庭的孩子。

2021 年平均每日娛樂螢幕使用量

按家庭收入

按性別

按種族/民族

女孩

男孩

白人

黑人

西班牙/拉丁裔

高

中

低

女孩

男孩

白人

黑人

西班牙/拉丁裔

按種族/民族

按家庭收入

高

中

低

按性別

年幼青少

年

青少年

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在社交媒體上花費的時間。

青少年將大部分時間花在社交媒體上。平均而言，13-18 歲的青少年每天花費 3 小時 1 分鐘。與每天花費 2 小時 24 分鐘的成年人相比，一些青少年平均在社交媒體上花費的時間長達 9 小時。

每天在社交媒體上花費的分鐘總數

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哪些社交媒體平台更受青少年喜愛？

Snap Chat

Tik Tok

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統計數據。

75%

42%

女生喜歡發送照片

男生喜歡發送照片

女生使用更多社交媒體對比男生更多上網打遊戲機。

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社交媒體的當前統計數據

57%

28%

女生

男生

57% 的女生在網上看到其他人的照片後感到被冷落，而男生的這一比例為 28%。

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我們確定的事情

他們使用多少很重要

使用最多數位媒體的青少年是最不快樂的。

他們用它來做什麼很重要。

被動使用社群媒體或只是為了獲得點讚和關注的青少年會產生最負面的結果。

其他因素可能更重要。

整體媒體平衡、睡眠、整體健康狀況和其他因素在心理健康中發揮巨大作用。

Here's what we can say for sure:

Teens who use screens the most are less happy than those who use a moderate amount, and those who use a moderate amount are happier than those who use none at all.

Researchers call it the "Goldilocks Hypothesis." (Przybylski & Weinstein, 2017)
What does "moderate" mean? That's the tricky part: There's no clear line teens shouldn't cross.
It's more about how it fits into a balanced approach to everything else in their lives.
If they're having fun times with friends and family, pursuing outside interests, staying healthy, getting enough sleep, and doing okay in school, their use in probably in balance.

It also matters what they they use it for.

Facebook's own researchers found that endless scrolling and liking with no interaction tends to make people unhappier.
Also, teens who are "digital status seekers" tend to engage in riskier behavior offline.

Finally, there are lots of variables that make it hard to nail down cause and effect.

Kids who are unhappier overall have more negative outcomes using social media than kids who are happier offline.
Lack of sleep is an often overlooked factor when it comes to mental health, but it's a powerful one!
Ultimately, if digital media seem to be making your kid unhappy, then that's enough to go on!

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青少年大腦的基本事實

青少年的大腦正在發育，任何負面的接觸都可能影響青少年的大腦。
前額葉皮層直到 20 歲後才完全發育。
青少年無法對他們正在觀看的內容做出成熟的選擇。
2019 年的一項研究表明，孩子們不需要以心理方式與朋友互動。他們通過手機或社交媒體獲得所需的反饋。青少年可以在多個平台上與他們的朋友互動。（無需外出）。
與社會情感幸福感高的孩子相比，自尊心低的年輕人受到社交媒體的負面影響更大。

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底線:

青少年的大腦正在進化，

非常冒險，

容易決策失誤，

獲得同辈認可的意識，

和絕對思維增加。

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社交媒體行為

當青少年或兒童在社交媒體上時會發生什麼？

播送

接收反饋

觀察

比較

提供反饋

信息

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家長們

所擔心的事

激進化

剝削被恐怖主義利用

隔斷

估值

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一些社交媒體

的負面影響

睡眠困難

注意力跨度短

記憶力和解決問題

能力上有問題

閱讀和寫作能力受損

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潛在的陷阱和實用技巧： �

比較、壓力、

戲劇、孤立

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比較

青少年在社群媒體上看到的東西可能會成為他們的個人標尺，而試圖達到標準可能會讓他們失望。

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改變的圖像

完美呈現

注重表面現象

高度可見的性愛影像

即時判斷

24/7 可用的社群媒體指標

Some of the elements of social media that are trickiest have to do with appearances:

It's easy to alter images with apps like FaceTune or by using filters or Photoshop.

If teens compare themselves to pictures they see, they're likely trying to meet a false standard that no one can achieve.
And teens compare themselves both to peers and celebrities, which sets them up for different levels of false standards.

As many of us know from using Facebook, the majority of pictures we see are all smiling faces, pretty places, and fun times.

No one's life is perfect, but it's hard to know that by looking at some people's feeds.

Social media, YouTube, and even video games can serve up a lot of content and images of beauty ideals, tutorials, and products.

It all seems to boil down to "What you look like is most important," which is a hard message for an insecure teen.

There's tons of sexy, scantily-clad content out there, and teens may even start to see their own friends sharing sexy pictures.

As teens explore their own sexuality, it can be tricky to resist the urge to put it on display when they see so much of it. It's also hard for them not to compare themselves with friends who may be doing just that.

Online feedback is often swift and harsh -- whether you're on social media or a game with chat. If you get likes, that may reinforce posting more of the same. If you get negative comments, it can be crushing, especially if there's judgement about appearance.

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社群媒體捲尺的影響

其他人都善於組織規劃和取捨

我應該更快樂，更成功，或在某種程度上「更好」。

其他人都更酷、更漂亮。

我的長相不符合標準。

沒有人會喜歡真實的我。

我努力在網路上看起來很完美，因為沒有人會喜歡我的不完美。

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如何幫助

認真對待社群媒體的影響。

“感覺自己必須達到別人的標準真的很難，對吧？”�

對抗「鴨子症候群」。

“天哪，這些照片確實讓一切看起來都很完美，但沒有人的生活是完美的。”�

拉開完美的帷幕。

“嗯，你認為她拍了多少張自拍照才得到這張？她使用了哪種濾鏡？”�

接受失敗，強調努力。

“我在工作中確實搞砸了，但聽聽我是如何努力解決的……”

So what do we do?

First, it's critical that the feelings your teens has around comparing themselves to others are real, and they can't be swept away with a simple, "You're pretty!" or "Don't worry about what other people think about you!"

Starting with empathy and validation can be powerful so your kid feels seen: "I know, it's really hard when it seems like everyone looks good and has it together. And, it's also true that these pictures are just one piece of their puzzle, and comparing our whole selves to one piece doesn't add up."
If you're having trouble with this, here's one way to relate: Imagine you have a coworker who has the same position as you and seems to be perfect -- they're attractive, sharply dressed, and cool. Not only that, they seem to do a perfect job all the time. Your boss is constantly praising them. Day in, day out, that's what you see and hear. That's a bit like what social media can feel like to a teen: An an unattainable standard always on display.

"Duck syndrome" isn't a strange illness resulting in webbed feet. Stanford researchers coined the phrase when describing how when a duck is swimming, it looks effortless from above the surface when underneath the duck's feet are frantically paddling.

It's helpful to remind teens that someone's life may look effortless, but everyone has struggles and insecurities.

If your kid is still unconvinced, take a look at some of the content they're viewing and put a lie to it.

Kardashians? Plastic surgery, make-up artists, careful curation, and some well-publicized unhappiness.
There are also YouTube and social media influencers who keep it real and make imperfection a priority, so see if your kid knows about them.
If friends are the ones courting perfection, your kid likely knows it's an illusion and maybe even what methods they use to try and achieve it. Talk about the pros and cons of that approach: How much energy does it take to maintain that illusion? Do the benefits go beyond likes?

Modeling how to struggle, make mistakes, and be imperfect helps your kid deal with it, too. If they see us trying to be perfect, they may take that pressure on themselves as well.

Instead of only emphasizing positive outcomes, it's important to praise effort, even if they don't succeed. Working toward something and learning from the experience -- even when it ends in failure -- is how kids build resilience and work through perfectionism.

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善待他人：

你遇到的每個人都在進行一場艱苦的戰鬥。

-Ian Maclaren

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壓力

淪為科技伎倆的受害者、保持聯網以及了解最新情況可能會讓社交媒體變得更加強迫性而不是樂趣。

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持續溝通�
害怕錯過 (FOMO)�
偷偷摸摸的技術技巧

表面的社會契約

資訊超載

It's tricky for adults to balance being "reachable" 24/7, so it's even more challenging for teens. And many of the apps and games we use are designed to keep us using them, checking them, and playing them. Some of the biggest issues are…

Getting an almost constant influx of communication in many different forms: Snaps, texts, chats, and posts.

Just like back in the day when the phone would ring and we'd run to pick it up, teens today feel like they need to respond right away because letting too much time go by sends its own message -- I'm mad or I don't care.
In fact, 72% of teens in the U.S. feel the need to respond immediately to online communication.

In the midst of all of this information being flung around, it's easy to feel that if you don't keep up, you'll miss out.

So, if there's a group chat, and you're not responding, you may miss a new inside joke or some important gossip that everyone will be referencing.

Those compelling, red notification numbers, the dopamine rush of likes and follows, autoplay, in-app purchases for in-game rewards, and constantly updating feeds are all techniques companies use to keep us hooked.

No matter what your kid is into -- scrolling, posting, playing, or watching -- there's some sticky science at play trying to keep them tied to their screen.

When someone likes one of your posts, do you feel obligated to like theirs? For teens, social media can be an extension of friendship, so liking something online actually does mean something.

Snapstreaks -- a series of Snapchat pictures volleyed back and forth between two people -- are another example of this unspoken social contract that teens feel they must maintain or they're letting the other person down.
Kids playing multiplayer games also feel this if they're part of a guild or group, so if they're supposed to do a raid or play a level at a certain time, it feels important that they participate and disappoint their team.

Not only can we not quite keep up with the Kardashians, but also we can't stay on top of our social media feeds.

If kids only use Snapchat and Instagram, that's already a bunch of communication and news to stay up on, and it can start to feel like a full-time job.

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眾所周知，在兩個任務之間快速切換會降低效能。

青少年通常更擅長在兩項任務之間切換，但這仍然會使大腦疲勞，表現也會下降。

當老鼠的大腦受到多個螢幕刺激時，海馬體會受到影響（學習和記憶）。老鼠學習走迷宮的時間是原來的三倍，但大腦的變化仍然存在。

平衡學校和家庭的螢幕使用可能很難管理，並且可能會導致更多的多任務處理。

如果表現下降，可能會導致憂鬱。

多任務神話與心理健康

Christakis and Ramirez, et al., 2012

Trying to keep up with a digital social life and get school work done can often lead to multitasking. Often we talk about multitasking as an important skill and something to value, but research shows trying to do more than one thing at a time decreases performance on those tasks.

It's important for teens to know that even if they feel like they can chat/text/scroll/swipe/do homework at the same time, something will suffer (spoiler - probably homework).
Research on mice around overstimulation by screens show impacts on learning and lasting brain changes (Christakis and Ramirez, et al., 2012). On the one hand, those changes in the brain appear to be helpful in a fast-paced, stressful environment, but they also seem to affect the conditions required to learn moving forward.

How much this applies to humans is unclear for many reasons, including the fact that the flashing lights used in the study don't really mimic a game or show that's meaningful to a kid, but it could underline the fact that overstimulation can negatively impact learning.

It gets even trickier when kids have to use screens for school; it can make it easier to hide multitasking if they're opening multiple tabs to check social media, using a chatting platform, or playing games in between homework problems.
And if grades drop because of their divided attention, it can lead to frustration and even anxiety or depression if the problem worsens or persists.

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60% 的青少年在睡前一小時內查看手機。

根據 CDC 2015 年的一項研究，73% 的青少年（跨越 30 個州）和 58% 的中學生（跨越 9 個州）睡眠不足。�
相比成人, 有藍光的裝置（如手機）會更嚴重地降低兒童的睡眠品質。�
睡眠不足會嚴重影響心理健康。

壓力越大=睡眠越少

CDC, 2015; Hysing, et al., 2015

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隨叫隨到的溝通和

永無止境的訊息通知的影響

我必須知道發生了什麼，否則我會感到害怕。

如果我不密切關注社群媒體上發生的事情，我就會被排除在外，所以有時我會熬夜。

如果我不跟上，我就會錯過或被取代。

如果我不回覆簡訊或不保持 Snapstreak，我就會讓我的朋友失望，所以我會一邊做作業一邊處理多項任務。

我必須不斷檢查情況是好是壞。

收到通知可能會讓我感覺好或壞，但無論哪種方式我都必須知道。

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如何幫助

知道壓力是真實存在的，所以要以同理心引導。�“我敢打賭，有時感覺很難跟上這一切。”�

鼓勵您的孩子限制接收通知。

“讓我們看看您的設置，看看是否可以調整它的緊急程度。”

休息一下。

即使是短暫的休息也能帶來一些緩解。

�

設定限制以幫助您的孩子抑制溝通需求。

“作為一個家庭，我們不會在餐桌上或床上使用手機。”�

成為健康行為的強而有力的榜樣。

“這對我來說也很難。也許我們可以互相幫助。”

How do we help our kids feel less pressured?

Again, it's important not to dismiss or minimize their feelings of FOMO or responsibility, as their feelings are real and legitimate, even if we don't totally understand.

If you're having trouble understanding, here's one way to relate: Imagine your doorbell rings. Then it rings again, and again. Then your phone rings. Then there's a knock on your back door. Any one of those things could be important, or none of them are -- you just don't know. And you know a prize is coming, but not when or how, but if you miss it, it'll be gone and your family will be disappointed. That's a bit how it feels.

Though this might be tricky for some teens, encourage them to turn off notifications or at least downgrade to a less intrusive version.

In settings they can turn off notifications completely or downgrade from sounds, banners, and every bell and whistle to one type.
Or maybe they can pick one app to get notifications for, or let friends know that if it's really important, they should text, because they won't be checking every notification they get.

Keeping devices away from the dinner table and out of the bedroom can help your kid contain the urge to keep checking.

Though kids may need a computer for homework, they probably don't need their phones. Have your teen get into a habit of either putting their phone in another room while doing school work or using an app designed to keep kids focused, like Forest: Stay focused, be present.
If your kid wants to listen to music at bedtime, you may be able to use the device controls to make sure that's all they do. If not, an old fashioned alarm clock and a charging station in another room might help your teen get to sleep on time.
It also helps it they can put the blame on you: "Sorry I didn't answer you right away, but my mom won't let me have my phone after 9pm!"

The way you use your device is really important, as your kid will definitely call you out if you tell them one thing and do another.

If you struggle with all that sticky social media, be up front about it and challenge each other to resist and set limits.
If you're using your phone as a tool (for work, shopping lists, etc.), tell your kid what you're doing so they know you aren't just scrolling.

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傳說還是事實？

父母在設備上花費的時間少於兒童/青少年。

9 小時

傳說!

青少年平均每天在螢幕上花費九個小時。

6 小時

青少年平均每天在螢幕上花費六個小時。

父母每天花 9 小時 22 分鐘使用螢幕媒體，包括個人和工作用途；其中 7 小時43 分鐘用於個人螢幕時間。

9小時

22分鐘

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戲劇性

在被忽視、網路霸凌和其他重要的人之間，社群媒體可能會帶來壓力。

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刻薄的女孩和誤解

網路霸凌和殘忍行為可以壓垮

重要的他人和色情簡訊

AT&T 的剪輯短片

螢幕後面有一個靈魂

There are subtle -- and not-so-subtle -- ways for teen drama to play out online.

There have always been friendship flips, mean girls, and bullies, but being online can take it to new levels.

Of course we know kids can be mean sometimes, but what's different is that the online world amplifies and accelerates mean comments, rumors, and embarrassing info/pictures.
Imagine a burn book where people wrote notes about classmates and passed it around. Now that burn book is accessible 24/7 to everyone in the school and beyond, and what's written about you is permanent.
And while some online drama stems from a misunderstanding of some kind, there's also deliberate cyberbullying, which is targeted, prolonged online attacks meant to cause harm.

About 15% of kids are electronically bullied in comparison to 18-31% who experience in-person bullying (U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, 2015).

The drama can also involve romantic relationships, so if a someone starts asking for sexy pictures, it might feel like you need to comply or you'll lose the interest of that person.

Once you send one, there are usually requests for more, and all too often those pictures are shared with other people.

Let's watch the video from AT&T's film There's a Soul Behind That Screen to hear from some teens.

(Play video)

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卑鄙、尷尬和害怕被拒絕的影響

我無法面對刻薄的評論。

如果我再看到一則刻薄的評論，我不知道我該如何去學校面對所有人。�

我孤身一人，與世界為敵。

如果我的朋友向我發送令人尷尬的照片，我還能相信誰？

我必須傳送那張性感照片。

如果我不告訴他我的密碼或發送那張照片，他就不會再喜歡我了。

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如何幫助

保持參與、同理心和鼓勵。

“我就在你身邊，我知道這很難。”

�幫助青少年思考發布和分享的潛在後果。

“如果那張照片在學校傳開，你認為她會有什麼感受？”�

收集證據、封鎖、舉報，必要時讓機構介入。

�鼓勵青少年成為正直者並創造正向的網路文化。

“我知道這可能會讓人感到害怕，但我敢打賭她希望有人能把她帶回來。”

When teens are dealing with drama, here are some ways to help:

One of the most effective ways to help teens with online drama is just to listen.

If your kid is coming to you seeing understanding, just listening and validating their feelings can let them know they're not alone, that you care, and that you're willing to help if and when they need it.

To help your kid avoid starting the drama, help them think through posts when you have a chance.

If you see them taking a picture of a friend to post, suggest they ask first (and do the same before you post pictures of them).
If they're trying to work out conflict, encourage them to call or wait until they can talk to the person face to face, which will help them avoid misunderstandings.

If cyberbullying is happening to your kid, take screenshots, block the bully, and report them on the site or app.

If the bullying persists and your kid is in distress, ask your kid if they want you to intervene.
If there's physical threat of some kind, it's time to get the school and/or police involved.

Preventing drama by being positive online and sticking up for those who are the target of rumors or bullying also empowers kids and helps them band together instead of drawing out the drama.

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小心對待青少年

判斷

立刻結論

立刻行動

Sometimes digital drama starts because your kid makes a mistake -- like sharing an iffy picture or breaking some rules -- so let's dig a bit deeper on how to help without making things worse.

No matter what the circumstances, it's good for your kid to know that we want them to be safe first and learn lessons later. Try to put anger, shock, and outrage aside and step into support mode. Listen, don't lecture.
It's likely that natural consequences will be enough of a lesson, but when the worst is over, it's a good time to reinforce limits.
If your kid is being accused, try to reserve judgement. We never want to believe our kids can be mean, but if they hurt someone -- accidentally or on purpose -- we don't want to jump to their defense out of the gate.
Avoid jumping on the phone to another parent or the school. Lead with a listening ear to see if intervention is necessary. Often, kids figure it out on their own or with friends, and it leads to a better solution.

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孤立

有時，身處數位世界比面對面更容易，陌生人比朋友更安全。

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線上世界變得比線下世界更重要

數位設備需要一切時間－不想做任何其他事

情緒、成績和社交圈發生巨大變化

保密和缺乏面對面的關係可能意味著與陌生人接觸

When kids isolate themselves, it's always a sign of some kind, though it could mean a variety of things:

Because the online world is limitless and caters to every interest, kids who have trouble relating to people in real life can find their people online.

That sense of belonging is what teens want most, so if it stays uncomplicated and fun, it may become more compelling that in-person relationships. Though they're still interacting, it's still a kind of isolation to exclude eye-to-eye contact.
If this seems hard to understand, imagine finding a room full of people who seem to have exactly the same interests as you that you can turn off and on at will and who don't ask anything of you.
Or for gamers, imagine a perfect world you can explore that has just the right amount of challenge but no real consequences. You can also liken it to an endless, wonderful book that you never want to put down.

Because of some of the other factors we've discussed -- like pressure and drama -- kids may start to let the digital world take over.

They may lose interest in other activities to maintain their online lives, and everything else may feel like an outside distraction.

For kids who are dealing with trauma, conflict, or other problems, being online can feel like a refuge and a way to avoid their problems.

Sometimes this leaves them open to relationships with strangers, which often isolates them even further.

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上網對排除其他一切的影響

在網路上建立關係更容易。

現實生活中的人際關係太難了，所以我寧願和網路上的朋友聊天。

�

網路遊戲是我逃避一切的方法。

我在遊戲中感到很有成就感和很酷，而且我不需要考慮自己的感受。

�

沒有回頭路了，所以我放棄了。

我的成績已經搞砸了，我的父母也生我的氣，所以我還不如一個人上網。

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如何幫助

在完全沒收設備之前解決根本原因。

“我注意到你最近更喜歡待在自己的房間裡，我很好奇這是為什麼。發生了什麼事？”�

讓設備遠離私人空間。

“晚上我們都會在客廳為手機充電，這樣我們就能睡得更好。”�

提醒青少年，網路朋友與面對面的朋友不同。

“我相信你的網上朋友是真正的朋友，而且要真正了解一個人，你需要面對面地見到他們。”�

讓上網時間恢復整體平衡。

“作為一個家庭，我們將對使用設備的時間和地點設定一些限制。”

If a kid is already feeling isolated or is avoiding something by being online, it probably means they're already struggling, so a sensitive approach is usually best:

It might seem best to take away devices if a kid's use feels out of control and they've given up on things they used to love, but if they're using digital media as an escape and lifeline, it could make things worse.

Before taking drastic measures around devices, try to identify the underlying causes of isolation: Is this a familiar pattern with your kid because social interaction has always been hard? Has there been a major life stressor? Do you know why your kid has retreated?
Are they using a game or social media as a temporary escape from difficult circumstances? Within limits, this can actually be helpful if it's contained and temporary.
If they won't talk to you about what's going on, it's probably time to get outside help.

Short of banning devices, setting some limits around when and where your kid can use them will help contain how much time they're spending online.

Eating dinner together as a family as much as possible is proven to decrease risks of negative outcomes, like substance abuse, so have device-free dinners.
Teens are notorious for not getting enough sleep, which can significantly impact their mental health, so keeping devices out of bedrooms helps set limits naturally.

If you suspect your kid is fostering online relationships with strangers, find out more:

Are they just chatting in interest-based forums?
Is there someone they consider special who they feel close to? If so, they may feel very proprietary about that person.

Though you want to keep your kid safe, it's also important to tread lightly if you think your kid feels this person is their only friend.
Cutting off all contact in anger or fear might trigger extreme behavior, so staying calm, empathic, and reasonable will help tap into underlying feelings instead of making the online relationship something to defend.

Approach media balance as a family instead of targeting one kid -- even if that kid is the only one struggling.

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成為橋樑：

幫助您的孩子一步一步找到回頭的路。

Depending on the circumstances, there are gentle approaches to take once you've put some limits around where and when devices are used:

Gamer camps and coding classes

If your kid is obsessed with gaming, there's likely a camp that caters to it, so they can play it and interact with like-minded teens -- face-to-face -- at the same time.

If social media is the obsession, gauge their openness to teaching you what's cool about it: Sometimes sharing the fun parts opens up the experience.

If that's a no-go, try to get at the root: It's likely fueled by insecurity or anxiety.

If your kid has gone through something hard and is trying to escape, try to balance their isolation gradually with shared experiences and low-key social gatherings with people who feel safe and trusted.
And no matter what, empathy and validation go a long way, so if you can meet them where they are, they're much more likely to take your hand to cross that bridge.

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最壞情況的警號：

尋找什麼以及做什麼

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典型的青少年發展：

給予觀察的時間

受歡迎程度和啄食順序(等級差別)
越來越獨立並遠離家人
注重外表，尤其是在同儕眼中
強烈而搖擺的情緒
對性的探索
嘗試不同的身份
缺乏對後果的考慮

How do we know when we really need to worry? Let's go back to what's happening for your kid as a typically developing tween or teen.

Here are some characteristics/preoccupations you might see as your kid hits puberty and beyond:

Popularity and pecking order.

Worried about social status.

Growing independence and distancing from family.

Can seem secretive, rebellious.

Concern about appearance, especially in the eyes of peers.

What other kids think of them becomes very important.

Strong and swinging emotions.

Hormonal changes can cause big feelings and quick changes in them.

Exploration of sexual identity.

Desire to learn about, explore, and take on sexual identities.

Trying on different identities.

Play with social roles, interests, and beliefs.

Lack of consideration for consequences.

Biologically less able to consider consequences of actions and more likely to take risks, can feel invincible.

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行為、成就、與朋友連結的變化:

上網後感到焦慮和緊張
更煩躁，容易情緒爆發
整體保密，關於上網時間、隱藏螢幕、黏在手機上
性格孤僻，比平常更想獨處

應該詢問的時間

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清晰的警告標誌：

自我傷害
自殺念頭/意念
更加封閉退縮
成績下降
睡眠和飲食發生變化
哭泣增多
隱藏的憂鬱/焦慮

尋求幫助的時候

While it can be tricky to tell what's actually happening with your teen, these behaviors are typical warning signs that something is really wrong:

Self-harm

Cutting, burning, or otherwise inflicting harm on oneself

Suicidal thoughts/ideation

Talk, writing, or references to suicide or having a plan for how to do it, giving away personal items

Increased withdrawal

Quits activities, won't see friends, won't talk or share with family, stays isolated

Dropping grades and disinterest

Doesn't see the point in applying effort

Changes in sleeping and eating

Lack of interest in food, overeating, excessive sleeping, or insomnia

Increased crying

More despair and weeping about more causes

Hidden depression/anxiety

Effort to keep a "brave face" or not upset anyone because of stigma around showing weakness or imperfection

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家長策略

有彈性

幫助您的孩子適度使用社交媒體。

有為人父母的意識。

建立認知技能。

支持建立健康的人際關係

鼓勵參與課外活動

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資源

家庭參與資源

在社交媒體上花費的時間

媒體的普通常識

Famemass.com

希望與療愈中心

和研究所

.

兒童心智研究所

大腦

抑鬱症

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感謝您的時間。

如需更多信息，請聯繫：

CHANDAN SHERGILL

社工

學生支援服務署

(STUDENT SUPPORT SERVICES)

E: cshergill@fusdk12.net

P: (510)- 657-2350, ext: 12286