Ionic Bonds

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Prior Knowledge Questions

Mr. Cooper and Mrs. Irons are drawing pictures with markers. There are 10 markers in a set. Mr. Cooper has 11 markers and Mrs. Irons has 9.

• What can they do so that each of them has a full set of 10?

Prior Knowledge Questions

Mrs. Bernhardt is sitting at a campfire with Mrs. King and Mrs. Ambriz. They are going to make S’mores!

Mrs. Bernhardt has 12 marshmallows, but Mrs. Ambriz and Mrs. King each have only 9 marshmallows.

• What would need to happen so each teacher has 10?

Prior Knowledge Questions

Mrs. Edwards is sitting at a campfire with Mrs. King. They are going to make S’mores!

Mrs. Edwards has 8 marshmallows, but Mrs. King has 11 marshmallows.

• What would need to happen so each teacher has 10?

Prior Knowledge Questions

Mrs. Edwards is sitting at a campfire with Mrs. King and Mrs. Ambriz. They are going to make S’mores!

Mrs. Edwards has 8 marshmallows, but Mrs. Ambriz and Mrs. King each have 11 marshmallows.

• What would need to happen so each teacher has 10?

Gizmo Warm-up

Just like people sharing markers or marshmallows being stolen, atoms sometimes share or swap electrons. By doing this, atoms form bonds. The Ionic Bonds Gizmo allows you to explore how ionic bonds form.

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To begin, check that Sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl) are selected from the menus at right. Click Play to see electrons orbiting the nucleus of each atom. (Note: These atom models are simplified and not meant to be realistic.)

Gizmo Warm-up

Each atom consists of a nucleus and several energy levels that contain electrons. The outermost electrons are called valence electrons.

• How many valence electrons does the Sodium atom have?
• How many valence electrons does the Chlorine atom have?

Gizmo Warm-up

Click Pause. Elements can be classified as metals and nonmetals. Metals do not hold on to their valence electrons very tightly, while nonmetals hold their electrons tightly. Electron affinity is a measure of how tightly the valence electrons are held.

Try pulling a valence electron away from each atom.

• Based on this experiment, which atom is a metal? Which is a nonmetal?

Try moving an electron from the metal to the nonmetal.

• What happens?

Gizmo: Ionic Bonds

Introduction

Some of the particles that make up atoms have an electrical charge.

• Electrons are negatively charged, while protons are positively charged.
• Particles with opposite charges (+ and –) attract each other.
• Particles with the same charge (+ and + or – and –) repel each other.

Count

Electrons move around the nucleus of atoms in specific energy levels, or shells, shown by the rings around the atoms in the Gizmo. The first energy level holds two electrons, and the second holds eight. (If you like, you can hide the inner electrons by selecting Hide inner electrons.)

Observe the sodium and chlorine atoms.

• How many electrons are there total in each atom?

Each atom is neutrally charged, which means that each atom has the same number of protons and electrons.

• Based on this, how many protons are in each atom?

Sodium Chlorine

Protons: Protons:

Electrons: Electrons:

Observe

Most atoms are stable, or unreactive, with a configuration of eight valence electrons. This is known as the octet rule.

• How many valence electrons does a Sodium atom have?
• How many valence electrons does a Chlorine atom have?

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Form a Bond

Each electron has a charge of 1–, and each proton has a charge of 1+. You can calculate the charge of an atom by subtracting the number of electrons from the number of protons.

Move an electron from the sodium to the chlorine atom.

• What are the charges of each atom now?

Sodium: _____ Chlorine: _____

Turn on Show charge to check. These charged atoms are called ions.

• Is each ion stable? Why?

Click Check in the lower right corner of the Gizmo to check.

Complete the Ionic Bonds Gizmo on your own.

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Read instructions and remember to write the ionic charges on question 3.

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Don’t rush, and check your work.