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Earth Observation Training, Education,

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AFRICA REGION COMMUNITY OF PRACTICE

FLOODS WORKING GROUP

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17 July 2024

Today’s agenda

Spotlight presentation

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The Nigeria Hydrological Services Agency’s 2024 Annual Flood Outlook, a case in using EO data for flood decision-making

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Mr. Cletus Musa

Nigeria Hydrological Services Agency

EOTEC DevNet Africa Floods Working Group meeting

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15-Jul-24

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CLETUS MUSA

Nigeria Hydrological Services Agency (NIHSA)

Presented at the

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Online Presentation

ABOUT NIHSA

• MISSION

To provide information on the status and trends of the nation's water resources including its location in time and space, extent, dependability, quality and the possibilities of its utilization and control through the provision of reliable and high quality hydrological and hydrogeological data on a continuous basis.

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• VISION

To create a dynamic and advanced hydrological service with capabilities of facilitating and supporting the harnessing, controlling, preserving, development and management of Nigeria's valuable water resources in a sustainable manner.

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To provide the services required for assessment of the nation’s surface and ground water resources in terms of quantity, quality, distribution and availability in time and space, for efficient and sustainable management of the resource.

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OUR MANDATE

FUNCTIONS OF THE AGENCY

ABOUT THE AGENCY

Instrumentation, standardization, operation and maintenance of hydrological stations nationwide

Issuance of flood early warning, flood forecasting, flood and drought monitoring, flood advocacy

Ground water exploration and Isotope Hydrology Techniques.

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Surface water resources assessment

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Your Company Name

WHAT TYPE OF DATA DOES THE AGENCY COLLECT?

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GROUNDWATER DATA

SURFACE WATER DATA

STAGE

DISCHARGE

SEDIMENT YIELD TRANSPORT

SURFACE WATER QUALITY

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Groundwater Quality

GEOPHYSICAL PARAMETERS

AQUIFER CHARACTERISTICS

GROUND WATER-LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS

NIGERIA DRAINAGE BASIN AND HYDROLOGICAL AREAS

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NIHSA’s Zonal Offices

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Hydrological Area 1 – Sokoto

Hydrological Area II – Kaduna

Hydrological Area III – Yola

Hydrological Area IV – Makurdi

Hydrological Area V – Port Harcourt

Hydrological Area VI – Ibadan

Hydrological Area VII – Enugu

Hydrological Area VIII - Maiduguri

HYDROLOGICAL MONITORING SYSTEM

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HYDROMETRIC

RIVER GAUGING

STATIONS

WORLD METEOROLOGICAL

ORGANISATION (WMO)

RECOMMENDED MINIMUM NETWORK

DENSITY

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Where we are

Where we are heading

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• Effort in place to increase the density of Hydrological Measurement System for effective flood forecasting and early warning.

HYDROLOGICAL MONITORING SYSTEM

DCP- LIMNIGRAPHS-GPRS

Typical water/flood level monitoring station: Telemetry DCP Stations and manual gauges.

HYDROLOGICAL MONITORING SYSTEM

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74�MONITORING BOREHOLES�

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AUTOMATIC WEATHER

OBSERVATION STATIONS

ADCP for river discharge measurements

HYDROLOGICAL MODELS FOR FLOOD FORECASTING

Hydrologic model that are being used by the Agency for modelling are:

• Hydrologic Engineering Center, Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS)
• Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT).
• Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) Model.

These models are being used for analysis, input, calibration and validation of forecasts for the

• Annual Flood Outlook (AFO)

And its disaggregation into:

• Scenario I: Flood Outlook for the Months of April-June (AMJ).
• Scenario II: Flood Outlook for the Months of July – September (JAS)
• Scenario III: Flood Outlook for the Months of October - November (ON)

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2024 ANNUAL FLOOD OUTLOOK (AFO)

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Link to 2024 Annual Flood Outlook Publication on NIHSA Website http://nihsa.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/2024-Annual-Flood-Outlook_Final_compressed-2.pdf

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SUMMARY OF 2024 ANNUAL FLOOD OUTLOOK (AFO)

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• High Flood Risk Areas: 148 LGAs in 31 States and the FCT.

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• Moderate Flood Risk Areas: 249 LGAs in all the 36 States and the FCT. 

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• Low Flood Risk Areas: 377 LGAs.

The High Flood Risk States are: Adamawa, Akwa-Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross-River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nasarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara and the FCT.

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Coastal Flooding

Bayelsa, Cross River, Delta, Edo, Lagos, Ogun, Rivers and Ondo will be experiencing coastal flooding due to rise in sea level and tidal surge which would impact on fishing, wildlife habitation and river navigation.

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Flash and Urban Flooding

Flash and urban flood will be experienced in urban cities centres across the country. Among these cities are Lagos, Kaduna, Suleja, Gombe, Yola, Makurdi, Abuja, Port Harcourt, Yenagoa, etc.

Seasonal Prediction

Three Scenarios

1. Seasonal Prediction (SP) for April, May, June
2. SP for July, August, September
3. SP for October & November

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High Flood Risk Areas: 72 LGAs in the months of April, May and June; 135 LGAs in July, August and September; and 44 LGAs in October and November.

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• Moderate Flood Risk Areas: 63 LGAs n the months of April, May and June; 221 LGAs in July, August and September; and 100 LGAs in October and November.

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• Flood Early Warning System is the set of capacities needed to generate and disseminate timely and meaningful warning information to enable individuals, communities and organizations threatened by flood hazard to prepare and to act appropriately and in sufficient time to reduce the possibility of harm or loss.
• Early warning levels reflect the severity of a disaster or the possibility of its occurrence.
• The flood early warning is mainly divided into:
• rainfall early warning
• water level,
• flow early warning,
• disaster and hazard early warning.

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Flood Early Warning System and Information Dissemination

Flood Alert System at Lokoja, Kogi State

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Flood Early Warning System and Information Dissemination

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• At the Nigeria Hydrological Services Agency (NIHSA) Headquarters, we review the early warning information and send it out. Various stakeholders receive the early warning information from NIHSA, including the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA), Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet), National Orientation Agency (NOA), Print and Electronic Media, Office of the National Security Adviser, National Intelligent Agency (NIA), Department of State Services (DSS), Military formations, key government agencies responsible for flood and disaster management and other emergency and response groups and households. In case of emergency, NIHSA directly send the early warning information to the affected locations in States, LGAs, villages and groups.
• The mass monitoring and mass prevention early warning information from township, villages and groups as well as the disaster condition are reported to the Central Station by the observer. The Central Station will issue them to township and villages & groups by levels. In case of emergency, the observer can directly notify relevant personnel and/or Emergency Agency.

Issuance of Flood Early Warning Information

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Issuance of Flood Early Warning Information – 2022 Flow Hydrographs

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Issuance of Flood Early Warning Information – 2023 Flow Hydrographs

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• The flood early warning issuance modes can be by means of voice calls, mobile calls, SMS, radio, fax, Internet, TV, etc. Organizations at all levels and personnel shall take appropriate measures according to the received early warning information with reference to the plan.
• When there is no communication network or the communication network is interrupted, according to the dangerous level of the flood, and in accordance with the pre-determined alarm signals, the warning shall be sent to the potential threatened areas by means of releasing signal flares, alarms and radio broadcasting, loudspeaker, etc.

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Issuance of Flood Early Warning Information

• Annual Flood Outlook (AFO) – 2013 to date
• Improvement from yearly to seasonal forecast

- Scenario I: April, May, June

- Scenario II: July, August, September

- Scenario III: October, November

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• Weekly/Monthly Flood Bulletins

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• Hydrogeological Maps

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• Flood Vulnerability Maps

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• Borehole lithology

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• Isotopic characteristics of water

HYDROLOGICAL PRODUCTS

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MONTHLY BULLETIN

• Sensitization (print and electronic media).

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• Press briefings.

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• Publication and distribution of hydrological bulletins to stakeholders (translation to local languages).

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• Webpage.

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• Flood Mobile App: being developed.

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• Stakeholders and communities engagement.

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• Awareness and advocacy (especially at the local levels).

HYDROLOGICAL INFORMATION DISSEMINATION

CONCLUSION

• Flood early warning and flood forecasting systems are important components of flood disaster risk mitigation. The responsible agencies should ensure that all equipment necessary for generating this information are functional and well in order and the personnel are well equipped to discharge this function.
• Information on flood early warning should be provided well in advance of any anticipated flood and make available in real-time for response measures, and during the flood containment to aid rescue plan and recovery measures.
• Professionals shall ensure that information on flood warning are communicated well to policy makers to guide effective and efficient decision making.

15-Jul-24

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Visit Us: https://nihsa.gov.ng

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X: @nihsa_ng

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Instagram: nihsa_ng

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Nigeria Hydrological Services Agency | Facebook

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Spotlight presentation

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Flood Mapping and Damage Assessment along River Benue and Niger Using Sentinel-1 SAR Data in Google Earth Engine

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Mr. Sultan Kamal Abdulazeez

National Space Research and Development Agency in Nigeria

FLOOD MAPPING AND DAMAGE ASSESSMENT ALONG RIVER BENUE AND NIGER USING SENTINEL-1 SAR DATA IN GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE.��BY�

JULY, 2024

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SULTAN KAMAL ABDULAZEEZ

NATIONAL SPACE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT AGENCY(NASRDA)

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National Space Research and Development Agency

OUTLINE

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• INTRODUCTION
• STUDY AREA
• METHODS
• ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
• CONCLUSION

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National Space Research and Development Agency

FLOOD PROJECTS -Intro

River Benue/Niger Channel Flood Assessment and Monitoring

• Floods represent a significant global environmental challenge, impacting millions of people annually and posing substantial risks to communities, infrastructure, and ecosystems. The escalating trend of flood occurrences globally, exacerbated by human activities and climate change, underscores the urgency of effective flood disaster management strategies.
• Nigeria, with its complex river systems, faces recurrent flood threats, particularly along the River Niger and Benue channel.
• The vulnerability of this region is amplified by climate change effects, altered rainfall patterns, and human-induced alterations in natural drainage.
• Notable flood events in recent years have highlighted the need for proactive flood management and mitigation efforts, aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to sustainable cities, communities, and climate action.
• This research focuses on assessing and monitoring floods in the River Niger and Benue channel in Nigeria from 2015 to 2023 and 2015 to 2022 respectively.

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National Space Research and Development Agency

STUDY AREA

• River Benue and Niger in Nigeria are prone to Seasonal Flooding, causing significant damage to communities, agriculture and infrastructure. Understanding the Dynamics of Flooding along these rivers is crucial for implementing effective flood risk management strategies and ensuring the safety and resilience of vulnerable populations living in flood prone areas. The study area is 5km buffer across the transboundary rivers in Nigeria.

National Space Research and Development Agency

METHODS

THE RESEARCH UTILIZED THE CLOUD COMPUTING PLATFORM GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE AND THE UN-SPIDER RECOMMENDED PRACTICE SCRIPT FOR FLOOD MAPPING AND DAMAGE ASSESSMENT THAT UTILIZED SENTINEL SAR DATA, MODIS LC, AND THE GLOBAL HUMAN SETTLEMENT LAYER.

The methodology integrates data from satellite imagery platforms like Sentinel-1 SAR, population density, cropland extent, and settlement layers to create flood extent maps, assess impact on populations and agriculture, and analyze inundation frequency to identify vulnerable settlements.

National Space Research and Development Agency

FLOOD MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT OF RIVER NIGER CHANNEL 2015-2023

The study leveraged geospatial technology and cloud computing to estimate flood extent in the River Benue channel from 2015 to 2023 focusing on mapping inundation extent, estimating damage to populations and croplands, determining inundation frequency, and identifying vulnerable settlements.

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National Space Research and Development Agency

FLOOD MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT OF RIVER BENUE CHANNEL 2015-2022

National Space Research and Development Agency

FREQUENCY TABLES

National Space Research and Development Agency

VALIDATION EXERCISE

National Space Research and Development Agency

RIVER BENUE FINDINGS

• The analysis of flood extent maps from 2015 to 2022 reveals changing trends in flood patterns and impacts across different states. The significant increase in flood severity in 2022, particularly in Adamawa, Taraba, and Kogi states, indicates a heightened risk and underscores the need for enhanced flood management measures.
• The assessment of inundation frequency also provides valuable insights into the changing dynamics of floods over time. The increase in flood occurrences in certain states, such as Adamawa and Taraba, compared to others in specific years, highlights the importance of localized factors in flood risk assessment
• The result shows a considerable number of people exposed to flooding each year, with varying degrees of impact on livelihoods and infrastructure.The damage to cropland, especially in 2018 and 2022, indicates the economic implications of these events on agricultural productivity and food security in the affected regions.

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National Space Research and Development Agency

RIVER NIGER FINDINGS

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• While there are indications of progress in flood management and mitigation efforts, as seen in the decreasing trend of flood impacts in certain years, challenges persist. The disproportionate impact on certain states like Delta and Kebbi highlights the need for targeted interventions and adaptive strategies
• The analysis corroborates the vulnerability of certain states along the River Niger to recurring flood events. Some settlements in Kebbi State consistently emerged as some of the most consistently affected, with settlements such as Hinanbiro, Tungan Bariki, Bukunji, Zamanagi, Tunga Gendini, Tungan Bariki, Bakin ruwa facing substantial land inundation, population exposure, and cropland damage featuring throughout the years under investigation.

National Space Research and Development Agency

CONCLUSION

• The comprehensive analysis conducted in this research paper sheds light on the patterns and impacts of flood events along the River Niger and Benue from 2015 to 2023 and 2015-2022 respectively. The findings reveal significant variations in flood intensity, distribution, and impacts across the states traversed by the transboundary rivers, underscoring the complex nature of flood dynamics in the region.
• The study highlights the critical importance of effective disaster management and mitigation strategies in mitigating the adverse impacts of floods along the Rivers. Early warning systems, infrastructure development, and community resilience-building efforts are essential for enhancing the preparedness and response capacities of the affected regions.

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• Furthermore, the research underscores the need for a multi-sectoral and integrated approach to flood risk management, considering the interconnected nature of environmental, socio-economic, and governance factors influencing flood occurrences and impacts. Collaboration among government agencies, non-governmental organizations, local communities, and other stakeholders is essential for developing and implementing sustainable solutions to address the challenges posed by recurrent flooding in the region.

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• The insights gained from this study provide valuable lessons for informing policy decisions, guiding future research endeavors, and strengthening resilience-building efforts in flood-prone areas along the River Benue and Niger. By learning from past experiences and adopting proactive measures, we can mitigate the impacts of floods, protect lives and livelihoods, and promote sustainable development in the region for generations to come.

National Space Research and Development Agency

WAY FORWARD

• Collaboration among government agencies, non-governmental organizations, local communities, and other stakeholders is essential for developing and implementing sustainable solutions to address the challenges posed by recurrent flooding in the region.

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• The insights gained from these studies provide valuable lessons for informing policy decisions, guiding future research endeavors, and strengthening resilience-building efforts in flood-prone areas along the River Niger and Benue Channel. By learning from past experiences and adopting proactive measures, we can mitigate the impacts of floods, protect lives and livelihoods, and promote sustainable development in the region for generations to come.

National Space Research and Development Agency

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Thank You

National Space Research and Development Agency

Flood Tools Tracker�A sneak peek at improvements to the tracker

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Main Updates

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• New user-friendly interface with more images and tool descriptions
• Updated classification of tools based on disaster risk response stages and temporal use
• Ability for users to leave feedback on the tools they used
• Ability to highlight resources on the home page

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How can thematic working group members help improve the tracker?

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• Volunteer as beta testers and offer feedback on the tracker
• Review information on the tools you use for accuracy
• Add new tools and capacity building resources
• Spread the word about the tracker

Member updates�What are you working on? Share updates on your activities…!

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Global and Secretariat updates

• Case studies and other info available at: https://community.wmo.int/en/governance/executive-council/executive-council/capacity-development-panel
• Case study template here: https://filecloud.wmo.int/share/s/z9PRreJaQseA4YO7zBjpgQ
• Framework approved by Congress-19 in June 2023

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• Currently being translated to all UN languages

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WMO Capacity Development Framework

Opportunity to share case studies

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Establishment of Drought Working Groups�Lots of progress on formation of drought working groups

Reminder: Review/add resources to the drought tools matrix

Link here

Webinar with UNCCD and GWP

Planning for Drought +10

IDMP Annual Meeting June 25-26

Upcoming EOTEC outreach events

EO4Africa and Global Flood Partnership annual meeting

EOTEC Presentation on Africa CoP: What should key themes be?

Flood tools tracker 2.0 to be shared at event

New feature on www.eotecdev.net�Photo of the week: Share your imagery!

**Upload your image to this form**

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https://forms.gle/vBfSfN46wP7ND3936

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Website and member platform at www.eotecdev.net

230+ online members and growing!

HOW TO JOIN

1. Sign up for an account - prompts in the top right corner of home page
2. Watch for an email to confirm your membership.
3. Visit the Connect page to sign up for an online EOTEC task team or working group (or both!)
4. Post a question, comment, or link in any of the groups or your own member feed

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SEE YOU ONLINE!

Upcoming opportunities

Opportunities and resources

Opportunities and resources

Summary and next steps

• CoP Task Team meeting: September 18, 13:00 UTC

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• Next Floods Working Group meeting: October 16, 13:00 UTC

Thank you for being part of the EOTEC community of practice.

See you online!

eotecdev.net @EOTEC DevNet #EOTECDevNet