Reported speech
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Direct and Reported speech
Direct speech (Прямая речь) | Reported speech (Косвенная речь) |
буквальная передача чьего либо высказывания | передача прямой речи в виде пересказа |
“I work here as a waiter,” John said. | Jack said that he worked there as a waiter. |
She says: “I phone my friends every day”. | She says that she phones her friends every day. |
Первое правило
He says, “I have your T-shirt.” – Он говорит: «У меня твоя футболка». | He says that he has my T-shirt. – Он говорит, что у него моя футболка. |
John says: “I live in New York.” | John says (that) he live in New York. |
Bob says: “I am learning French.” | Bob says he is learning French. |
Второе правило
Boris said, "Ann, I want to have a rest."— Борис сказал: «Анна, я хочу отдохнуть». | Boris told Ann that he wanted to have a rest.— Борис сказал Анне, что он хочет отдохнуть. |
Mother said, “ I go to work every day” | Mother said that she went to work every day. |
Fred said: ”I have done it.” | Fred said he had done it. |
Правило согласования времен
“I always drink coffee”, she said. «Я всегда пью кофе», – сказала она | She said that she always drank coffee. Она сказала, что она всегда пьет кофе |
“I am reading a book”, he explained. «Я читаю книгу», – пояснил он. | He explained that he was reading a book. Он пояснил, что он читает книгу. |
Kevin said: “I have been coughing for a week. | ” Kevin explained he had been coughing for a week. |
Правило согласования времен
“Bill arrived on Saturday”, he said. «Билл приехал в субботу», – сказал он. | He said that Bill had arrived/ arrived on Saturday. Он сказал, что Билл приехал в субботу. |
Правило согласования времен
He said, “We had finished our work by five o’clock.” Он сказал: «Мы окончили свою работу к пяти часам». | He said that they had finished their work by five o’clock. Он сказал, что они окончили свою работу к пяти часам. |
Правило согласования времен
“She will come soon.” «Она скоро придет». | They told me that she would come in soon time.�Они сказали мне, что она скоро придет. |
Модальные глаголы
“We will go home.” «Мы придем домой». | She said that they would go home. Она сказала, что они придут домой. |
She said, “You could help my sister.” | She said that I could help her sister. |
УКАЗАТЕЛЬНЫЕ МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ И НАРЕЧИЯ ВРЕМЕНИ И МЕСТА В ПРЯМОЙ РЕЧИ ЗАМЕНЯЮТСЯ В КОСВЕННОЙ РЕЧИ ПО СМЫСЛУ ДРУГИМИ СЛОВАМИ, КАК И В РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ.
today | that day |
tonight | that night |
yesterday | the day before/the previous day |
tomorrow | the next day/the following day |
ago | ago before |
next Monday | the following Monday |
last Friday | the previous Friday |
the day before yesterday | two days before/two days earlier |
now | then |
this | that |
these | those |
here | there |
Примеры:
Вопросительные предложения
Не asked me, "Where do they live?“ | He asked me where they lived |
�При обращении в косвенную речь ответов на общие вопросы слова yes и по опускаются:
Не asked me, «Whether you be here tomorrow?" | He asked whether (if) I should be then the next day. |
She answered: "Yes, I do." "No, I don't." | She answered that she did (she didn't). |
I said to her, "Please bring me a glass of water." — «Принеси, мне, пожалуйста, стакан воды». | I asked her to bring me a glass of water. — Я попросил ее принести мне стакан воды. |
He said to me, "Don't go there." — Он сказал мне: «Не ходите туда». | Не told me not to go there. - Он не велел мне ходить туда. |
Дополнительные придаточные предложения, введенные союзом if или whether
I didn't know if he would be at home. (=1 didn't know whether he would be at home.) Я не знал, будет ли он дома.� | � |
He didn't remember if she had taken the text-book with her or if she had left it at home. Он не помнил, взяла ли она учебник с собой или оставила дома. | |
Специальные вопросы в косвенной речи
He asked me where I came from. Он спросил меня, откуда я родом. | He asked us what we should do if we didn't get tickets. Он спросил нас, что мы будем делать, если не достанем билетов. |