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TAB Mentoring:

A Framework To Teach Digital A11y Basics

Betty Troy

Gerardo Rodriguez

User Experience Researchers

Yahoo Inclusive Design Team

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CSUN 2024

Slides QR Code:

Slides Link: https://bit.ly/TAB-Mentoring

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Overview:

  1. Why?
  2. What is WCAG?
  3. What if? TAB Mini-Mentoring
  4. TAB History and Now
  5. Learnings
  6. 3 Principles
  7. A11y Buddies
  8. Framework
  9. Tips and Resources

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Why?

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Complex and Hard to Read!

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Overwhelming

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What is WCAG?

WCAG = Web Content Accessibility Guidelines

  • Technical standard to make digital assets accessible to many users
  • Globally adopted international standard by World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
  • SC “Understanding” docs

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Sample: SC Understanding doc

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Intent

Content should be written as clearly and simply as possible. The intent of this Success Criterion is:

  • to ensure that additional content is available to aid the understanding of difficult or complex text;
  • to establish a testable measure indicating when such additional content is required.

This Success Criterion helps people with reading disabilities while also allowing authors to publish difficult or complex Web content. Text difficulty is described in terms of the level of education required to read the text. Education levels are defined according to the International Standard Classification of Education [[UNESCO]], which was created to allow international comparison among systems of education.

Difficult or complex text may be appropriate for most members of the intended audience (that is, most of the people for whom the content has been created). But there are people with disabilities, including reading disabilities, even among highly educated users with specialized knowledge of the subject matter. It may be possible to accommodate these users by making the text more readable. If the text cannot be made more readable, then supplemental content is needed. Supplemental content is required when text demands reading ability more advanced than the lower secondary education level—that is, more than nine years of school. Such text presents severe obstacles to people with reading disabilities and is considered difficult even for people without disabilities who have completed upper secondary education.

😵‍💫

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Learning about Accessibility basics - not that simple

  • Packed with too much good information to intake at once
  • Difficult to read
  • Written by many experts
  • Who can I ask?
  • How will I ask good questions?

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Designers and Developers

  • Interested in accessibility
  • Courses cover too much
  • Courses content not immediately relevant
  • Who to ask simple questions?
  • Where do I start?

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What if?

Create a place:

  • For those ready to learn
  • More engaging
  • Digestible small bites
  • Safe space

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Testing and tips on

Accessibility

Basics

Mini Mentoring Program

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Bite-sized lessons / Ready to learn / Digest / Grow

6 week program

      • 15 to 20 minutes each mini-lessons
      • Customize topics / can be changed 1 week before meet next
      • Agenda / notes doc
      • Safe place to learn

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Week 0

Choose topics together

Mentor on the chosen topics

Week 1

Week 2

Week 3

Week 4

Week 5

A11y Buddy

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“You can only start from where you are.

As a mentor, I’ll meet you there.”

-Betty Troy

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Mentors

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Betty Troy

Biomedical Engineer (VA Palo Alto) in Rehabilitation Engineering Field

User Centered Design

Design Thinking

RR & D for people with many different disabilities

Web Design, UX, & Freelance Accessibility Auditor

Evaluated 80 popular products

Accessibility Specialist

TPM/User Experience Research

Master’s Dissertation

Ergonomics of manual wheelchair users in the office environment

Areas of Interest

Cognitive Disabilities

Ageing

Low Vision

Mobile/Wearables

AI

Gerardo Rodriguez

Universal Design IT Consultant at CSU-Northridge

Developed accessible components with the central web development team

Accessibility Consultant

Audits on third-party products used by campus

Freelance Accessibility Expert

Provided accessibility training to developers and oversaw accessibility audits

Master’s Dissertation

Short text classification providing accessibility fix suggestions based on end-user feedback

Areas of Interest

Web development

Cognitive Disabilities

Limited motor skills

Low Vision

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Mentoring Sessions Are Based on Mentee’s Interests

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  • Welcome questionnaire helps identify mentee’s areas of interest
  • Guide them to relevant topics
  • Tailor sessions to the individual, which leads to increased and lasting engagement
  • Be open to mentee’s interests in accessibility outside of their role

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Example Topics

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  • iOS VoiceOver basics
  • Dynamic Type
  • Non-text contrast
  • role=“presentation”
  • Touch target size

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Typical Session - example

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Topic: Heading Structure

      • WCAG relevant Success Criteria (SC): SC 1.3.1 Info and Relationships:
      • Users this impacts most: Screen reader users, blind, low vision, cognitive disabilities, voice input
      • Key information / examples:
        • Don’t use headings to style the text. Instead use CSS.
        • Subsequent heading levels fit inside its parent heading level (like Nested Boxes)
      • Try This: Use h1-h6 to identify headings in the following text (answer key: https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG21/Techniques/html/H42):

Using h1-h6 to identify headings

About this Technique

This technique is Sufficient to meet 1.3.1: Info and Relationships.

Applicability

HTML

This technique relates to 1.3.1: Info and Relationships (Sufficient when used with Making information and relationships conveyed through presentation programmatically determinable using the following techniques: ).

Description

The objective of this technique is to use HTML heading markup to provide semantic code for headings in the content. Heading markup will allow assistive technologies to present the heading status of text to a user.

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TAB History and Now

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2022

Created program

Each Quarter Mentored:

1 Dev and

1 Designer

Total 8 Mentees in 2022

2023

Each Quarter Mentored:

1 Dev

OR

1 Designer

+1 New Mentor in Q3 2023

Total 6 mentees in 2023

(9 A11y Buddies)

2024

Each Quarter Mentor:

1 Dev

OR

1 Designer

Will have mentored a total 8 mentees in 2024

(will have 17 A11y Buddies)

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Learnings - TAB Mentoring

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Clarity - Define clearly

Simplicity - Small bites

Practice - “Try This” section

They know what they want to learn about

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3 Principles

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Principle 1 - Simple

  • Small bites
  • Examples
  • Try this

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Principle 2 - Individualized

  • Customized topics focused on their interests
  • Flexible with topics - changeable with 1 week notice
  • → Impactful (share with team/implement what they learn)

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Principle 3 - Safe Space

  • No recordings
  • Questions welcome
  • Agenda / notes doc
  • Be approachable

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TAB Graduates

→ A11y Buddies Community

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A11y Buddy’s Responsibilities

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  • Welcome new team members & intro to a11y resources
  • A11y advocate / spread awareness
  • Remind that A11y is everyone’s responsibility
  • Become Go To for their “One Thing” —> Mentor

Friendly, helpful, knowledgeable, encouraging

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Mentor’s Continued Responsibilities

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After mentee completes the TAB program:

  • Continue to be open to provide a safe space for mentee questions
  • Encourage expansion of accessibility knowledge and assist when able to
  • Continue to inspire the mentee to grow and possibly become a mentor

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The

“One Thing”

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A11y Buddies - “One Thing”s

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Examples:

  • Alerts
  • Dialog focus order
  • Dynamic type
  • Error messages
  • Use of color to convey information

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A11y Buddies - Development of “One Thing”s

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Sharing Rounds (example):

  1. “One Thing” focus
  2. WCAG SC
  3. Persona(s)
  4. Main points
  5. Good and bad examples

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A11y Buddies - Quotes

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“It was great… to create a custom program that felt useful to me.”

“There are no ‘dumb’ questions. This was a great program to help build a great foundation, or to level up your skills.”

“I love the sharing sessions where each of the A11y Buddies get to share their new learnings and good/bad examples of our ‘One Thing’.”

“I especially like the part where my mentor shares case studies of how other products are doing things.”

“I’m even more interested in accessibility than before,...”

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What A11y Buddies have accomplished (so far)

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Created an iOS Accessibility Design Guide; one for Android in progress

Share learnings with other team members

Provide basic guidance to teams on color contrast

Identify and suggest solutions on basic screen reader focus order issues

Identify missing text alternatives and suggest solutions

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TAB Program Benefits Culture

  • Evolves culture to include accessibility throughout process
  • TAB graduates / A11y Buddies become accessibility advocates, embedded in teams
  • Changes perspectives: accessibility does not hinder innovation & benefits all users
  • Encourages creating through a more inclusive lens, leveraging accessibility insights

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Continue to TAB

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Mentee

A11y Buddy

Grow their “One Thing”

Share/Teach A11y/Inspire

Mentor

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TAB Mentoring Framework

Each Mentor

Q1 Mentee

Q2 Mentee

Q3 Mentee

Q4 Mentee

A11y Buddies <Develop “One Thing”s>

Team

Team

Team

Team

Principles:

  • Simple
  • Individualized
  • Safe space

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Tips

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  • Start small. Even starting with one mentor can start the ripple effect.
  • Individualizing the topics increases engagement.
  • Keep it as simple as possible for mentors and mentees.
  • Any step is a step forward.
  • Define each lesson to fit within a 15 minute session.
  • Start by recruiting from team members you know or have worked with. Then word gets around.
  • Don’t expect perfection and keep learning and growing!

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Some Favorite Resources

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Little by little,

a little becomes a lot.

-Tanzanian Proverb

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Thank You

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Contact

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Betty Troy

betty.troy@yahooinc.com

Gerardo Rodriguez

gerardo.rodriguez@yahooinc.com

Slides QR Code: