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Male Reproductive System

2 Main Functions of M.R.S.

• Produce Sperm
• Transfer sperm to the female body during sexual intercourse

External Organs

• Testes (& Scrotum)
• Penis

Testes

• The two small glands that produce sperm

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• During early teen years: Hormones released by the pituitary gland stimulates the testes to produce the male sex hormone testosterone.

The job of Testosterone:

• Broadens shoulders
• Development of muscles
• Facial and other body hair
• Deepening of voice
• Production of sperm

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Sperm

About 100 Million Sperm Cells are produced each day.

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Sperm Cells resemble tadpoles.

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They are so tiny that 500 of them lined up would measure about an inch.

Scrotum

• The testes hang outside the body in a sac called the Scrotum.
• Protects the sperm by keeping the testes at a temperature slightly below normal body temperature.
• Clothing or other restraint that holds the testicles too close to the body can interfere with sperm production.

Penis

• A tube-shaped organ attached to the trunk of the body just above the testes.
• Composed of spongy tissue that contains many blood vessels.
• Increased blood flow results in enlargement and erection of the penis

Erection

• Occurs as a result of becoming sexually aroused.
• At the height of sexual arousal, a series of contractions known as ejaculation may occur.
• During ejaculation, semen is propelled from the penis.

Semen

A whitish secretion containing sperm and secretions from the testes, seminal vesicles and prostate gland.

Fertilization

• The union of a reproductive cell from a male and one from a female.
• Takes place when ejaculation takes place during sexually intercourse

Circumcision

• The surgical removal of the foreskin from the penis.
• It is important to know that a male child is normal whether he is circumcised or not.

The Internal Organs

• Epididymis
• Vas Deferens
• Seminal Vesicles
• Prostate Gland
• Urethra

Epididymis

• A large coiled tube that connects with the tubes of each testis.
• The temporary storage facility for sperm.
• Sperm mature in the epididymis.

Vas Deferens

• A pair of connecting tubes (each about 18 inches long)
• The thick muscle walls of the Vas Deferens propel the sperm forward in powerful spurts just before ejaculation.
• As the sperm is moved through the Vas Deferens they are combined with a fluid produced by the seminal vesicles.

Seminal Vesicles

• Glands at the base of the bladder.
• The fluid contains nutrients and mixes with sperm to make them more mobile and to provide nourishment.
• The seminal vesicles and vas deferens meets to form the ejaculatory duct.

Urethra

• The passageway through which both semen and urine leave the body.
• Semen and urine do not pass through the body at the same time.
• A muscle near the bladder contracts, preventing urine from entering the urethra when semen is present.

Care of the M.R.S.

• Caring involves Cleanliness, Protection, and Self-examination.
• Males should shower daily and completely clean the penis and scrotum.
• A male who is uncircumcised must practice extra hygiene, taking care to wash underneath the foreskin.

Care of the M.R.S. (Con’t)

• Avoid clothing that is too tight.
• Wear a protector or supporter during strenuous activity to shield the groin area and the external reproductive organs

Care of the M.R.S. (Con’t)

• Once a male is physically mature, he should perform a monthly self-examination of his testes for signs of cancer.
• Any lumps, thickenings, or change in texture or size of the testes should be reported to a doctor.
• Early detection usually leads to successful treatment.

Problems of the M.R.S.

• STD’s and STI’s (Discussed Later)
• Hernia
• Sterility
• Enlarged Prostate Gland
• Cancer of the Prostate Gland
• Cancer of the Testes

Hernia

• A common hernia of the M.R.S. is an ingunial hernia.
• This is a weak spot in the abdominal wall in the lowest lateral regions of the abdomen near the top of the scrotum.
• Surgery is usually necessary to correct such a hernia

Sterility

• A Condition in which a person is unable to reproduce.
• This can be the result of producing too few sperm- or poor sperm quality
• Sterility can arise as a result of temperature change, expose to certain chemicals, smoking, contracting mumps as an adult, exposure to X-rays, radiation, complications of an STD, or malfunction of one or the internal male reproductive organs.

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Vasectomy

Surgical removal of all or part of the vas deferens, usually as a means of sterilization.

Enlarged Prostate

• The prostate gland can enlarge because of infection, a tumor, or old age.
• It tends to squeeze the urethra resulting in frequent or difficult urination.
• Treatment includes- special exercises to improve bladder control, medications that shrink the enlarged prostate, and surgery to remove excess tissue.

Prostate Cancer

• Cancer is an uncontrolled growth of cells.
• The Prostate Gland is often a cancer site in older males.
• Prostate Cancer is the second highest incident of cancer in males.
• Early detection is important because the cancer can be treated if localized in the gland.
• Surgical removal of the prostate or radiation therapy and hormone therapy are current treatments.

Cancer of the Testes

• Occurs most frequently in males between ages 15 and 35 in the U.S.
• The first sign of Testicular Cancer is usually a slight enlargement of one of the testes.
• The male may not experience any pain at all.
• Hard lumps, nodules, on the testes may be a sign of cancer.
• Testicular cancer can be cured in 90% of cases if it is caught early.