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Sensation

Sensation is an animal's, including humans',(possibly AI and Alien) detection of external or internal stimulation (e.g., eyes detecting light waves, ears detecting sound waves). It is different from perception, which is about making sense of, or describing, the stimulation (e.g., seeing a chair, hearing a guitar).
Sensation involves three steps:
Sensory receptors detect stimuli.
Sensory stimuli are transduced into electrical impulses (action potentials) to be decoded by the brain.
Electrical impulses move along neural pathways to specific parts of the brain wherein the impulses are decoded into useful information (perception).
Source:https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensation_(psychology)

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Example

For example, when touched by a soft feather, mechanoreceptors – which are sensory receptors in the skin – register that the skin has been touched. That sensory information is then turned into neural information through a process called transduction. Next, the neural information travels down neural pathways to the appropriate part of the brain, wherein the sensations are perceived as the touch of a feather.

Source: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki Sensation_(psychology)

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Senses

Children are often taught five basic senses: seeing (i.e., vision), hearing (i.e., audition), tasting (i.e., gustation), smelling (i.e., olfaction), and touching. However, there are actually many more senses including vestibular sense, kinesthetic sense, sense of thirst, sense of hunger, and cutaneous sense.

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Types of sensation

Organic sensation
Special sensation
Muscular sensation

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Characteristics

Impartial to mind
Impartial to individual
Object-centered
Components of knowledge
In the presence of sensible object

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Perception

Perception (from the Latin perceptio) is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the presented information, or the environment.

All perception involves signals that go through the nervous system, which in turn result from physical or chemical stimulation of the sensory system.

For example, vision involves light striking the retina of the eye, smell is mediated by odor molecules, and hearing involves pressure waves.

Perception is not only the passive receipt of these signals, but it's also shaped by the recipient's learning, memory, expectation, and attention.

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Characteristics

Presentation and reproduction process
Cognitive and recognition process
Active process
Selection process
Synthesis process
Constructive nature
Meaningfullness
Illusion

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Organization of Perception

Physical causes -a) proximity b) Similarity c) Continuity d) Movement

Mental Causes

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