Session 1

​

Health and Social Care and Childcare

​

Single Award (1 GCSE)

​

Unit 1: Growth, development and well-being

​

Written examination:

​

1 hour 30 minutes

​

40% of qualification

​

Date of the exam = The 20th of May 2024

Today's session plan

Life stages across the life cycle

Growth

Development

The 4 areas of development

Economic factors affecting development

3-4

5-7

8

9-17

18-20

Infancy

Childhood

Adolescence

Adulthood

Later adulthood

20-64

0-2

3-12

13-19

65+

Name of life stage

Ages of life stages

Adulthood

Later adulthood

13-19

3-12

0-2

Christopher is a 3 year old boy

​

1. State Christopher’s life stage

​

1. State the age range of this life stage

Childhood

3-12

Growth = Growth, growing (Growth)

P=

W=

H=

Physical progress

Weight

Height

Percentile chart

How to measure growth?

A percentile chart is used to measure infant and childhood growth from 0-4 years.

There is a different percentile chart for boys and girls because the growth of the two sexes are different.

Why measure growth?

A percentage chart is an effective way of identifying the physical progress that takes place by taking measurements of length/height, weight and head circumference. This chart gives us the opportunity to see if an individual's growth follows the expected patterns. It is possible to see if there are any growth problems from the individual.

A health visitor or nurse plots information on a percentile chart.

Summer 2023 exam question

3.5kg / 8lb

10.2 kg / 22-23 lb

James is growing as expected, he is gaining weight and has followed the expected measurements since birth (50th)

James has attended a 15 month appointment. James receives suitable energy from the milk and solid food .

.

.

Development

S=

E=

A=

Skills

Emotions

Ability

A=

Appearance

Measuring development -

It is possible to measure the development of babies and childhood as a health visitor observes a child carrying out a variety of 'activities' eg Simple puzzles, building a tower of blocks, placing pegs in small holes, walking, rolling balls, listening to instructions etc.

This is called “Schedule of growing skills".

This is key to ensure the child develops as expected in the 4 areas of development.

What are the 4 areas of development?

P

​

I

​

​

E

​

​

​

S

Physical

​

Intellectual

​

​

Emotional

​

​

​

Social

Growth, gross and fine motor skills, puberty, menopause, characterization of ageing

Language skills, brain, learning, memory, problem solving, play

Bonding, attachment, self esteem, self confidence, developing feelings.

Social skills, play, interaction, roles, communication.

Physical

Gross and fine motor skills

1) Gross motor skills are large movements that use the large muscles of the body needed for mobility, for example, rolling over.

​

Fine motor skills are smaller movements where precise direction is required , and which use smaller muscles , for example, picking up a pencil.

​

​

Gross motor skills milestones - Place the gross motor skills from left to right according to what a baby should be able to achieve at the beginning of their life until later in life.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9 .

Stand up

Sit down

Roll over

Learning to support the head

Hopping

Crawling

Climbing

Run

Walking

Learning to support the head

Roll over

Sit down

Crawling

Stand up

Walking

Run

Hopping

Climbing

Fine motor skills and the stages of development

Drag the milestones to the correct ages.

Fine motor skills and the stages of development

Drag the milestones to the correct ages.

Gross motor skills enable babies/children to control the large muscles in their torso, arms, hands and feet.

A question

Aled is 9 months old. Can you identify two gross motor skills he may have acquired and two other gross motor skills he may acquire in the next 9 months?

Answer

• Around 6 months of age, babies gradually control their neck and back muscles to be able to roll, sit and crawl.

• Around 11-13 months of age, babies have developed their leg muscles to be able to stand, walk by grasping objects (crawling) and walk.

• Around the age of 2, babies like Aled could climb on low furniture and drive a sit-on toy.

Physical Development:

Write about all the physical changes that take place:

​

Sudden growth

Breasts growing

Menstruation starts

Spots develop

Hair grows

More estrogen is produced

Gaining weight - fat in the case of a girl

Thighs spread

Write about all the emotional changes that happen:

​

More anxiety

Low / high self esteem

Mood swings

Tension

Anger

Uncertain

Sexual feelings

Exciting

Confused

Emotional Development:

• Facing new challenges due to the physical and emotional development:
• Constantly changing friends which causes sadness/happiness.
• Self esteem changes due to all the changes - overwhelmed.
• Concerned about appearance and what others think of them.
• A negative self image affects feelings.
• There is a lot of uncertainty because the body changes during puberty

Understanding the language development that is taking place:

​

• A significant increase between the ages 0-5

​

• By the age of 6 children can use around 10,000 words

• Babies communicate through crying and facial expressions

• Children first babble then develop single words

• A few words connect to form small sentences into full sentences.

• By the time a child turns two, they have a vocabulary of a few hundred words.

• The development is dependent on various speech experiences, eg Parents talking to them constantly, going to school, spending time looking at / reading books. .

Income / Salary

Poverty

Bills

Benefits

Savings

Debts

This is the money that is earned through work. There is a direct link between how much money parents earn and how well their children do at school from an early age.

This is government support for individuals with any level of income, but the main aim is to ensure that people on low incomes can meet their basic human needs such as food and accommodation.

When individuals have money left over after paying for everything they can save more. Saving provides psychological security and offers a level of security in unexpected circumstances.

Essential payments for rent, council tax, fuel, food, transport costs.

These are the result of borrowing money to buy a house (mortgage) or expensive equipment (car) or from unpaid bills.

Poverty means that a person has a very low income and cannot afford to pay for the basics of life.

Economic factors affect the way individuals' physical needs are met and can also affect their intellectual, emotional and social needs as well.

What you have remaining after you pay for everything each month

Can buy healthy foods, gym membership, private care if needed

Less stress, safe, happy, independence

Ability to travel, social opportunities, freedom, no restrictions

Describe the term ‘savings

Discuss the benefits of having savings.

Move more, be more active, control weight, buy healthy food

Brain stimulation, learning new things, broadening your understanding, training, additional qualifications

Happy, contentment , success, stress reduction, proud, self image, self esteem

Meeting new people, improving social skills, more money, doing things, more friends

Describe the positive effect on an individuals development of having a job (8)

Physical

Intellectual

Emotional

Social