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Belonging, Meaning, Wellbeing & Purpose: A Primer

Aspen Forum for Community Solutions

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Table of Contents

BMWP: A Path Forward…………………………………..3

WHY BMWP? ………………………………………….....5

Benefits of BMWP………………………………………...6

Belonging…………………………………………………7

Belonging Pyramid: An Overview………………………...8

Belonging in Practice……………………………………...9

Belonging Exemplar……………………………………...10

Meaning…………………………………………………..11

Meaning Pyramid: An Overview…………………………12

Meaning Making in Practice……………………………...13

Meaning Exemplar…………………………………….…14

Wellbeing………………………………………………..15

Wellbeing Pyramid: An Overview……………………….16

11 Domains of Wellbeing………………………………..17

The Road to Wellbeing…………………………………...18

Wellbeing Exemplar……………………………………...19

Purpose…………………………………………………...20

Purpose Pyramid: An Overview…………………………..21

Purpose: Strategies………………………….…………....22

Purpose Exemplar………………………………………...23

Review: BMWP Core Concepts…………………………...24

BMWP Strategy……………………………………….…25

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BMWP: A Path Forward

About Us

The Aspen Forum for Community Solutions (Aspen FCS) has been a beacon of hope and a leader in the effort to end youth disconnection for over a decade. At the heart of our work is the Opportunity Youth Forum (OYF), our flagship initiative that connects over 40 local collaboratives dedicated to the success of young adults aged 16-24 who are not engaged in work or school. These remarkable OYF members serve regions where more than 900,000 opportunity youth reside. Our decade-long journey includes partnerships with urban, rural, and tribal communities, all with the common goal of expanding pathways to reconnect these youth and transform systems to enhance educational and employment outcomes. Our particular focus has always been on youth and young adults of color. And our impact is undeniable, as our efforts contributed to a nearly 25% reduction in the number of Opportunity Youth across the country.

What We Do

As our name denotes, the Aspen Forum for Community Solutions values the expertise of impacted youth and communities and their collective capacity to generate solutions to the challenges facing Opportunity Youth. Thus, we have made significant investments in our shared learning alongside our OYF partners including young people, community-based organizations, postsecondary institutions and funders. Through this process we have surfaced a new framework that is responsive to the burgeoning challenges faced by Opportunity Youth and other marginalized youth that stem from their experiences with the COVID-19 pandemic, the present political climate and various systemic challenges. Belonging, meaning, wellbeing and purpose (BMWP) is the emergent framework that has grown out of our work together, and it provides us (and other key stakeholders) with direction on how to transform systems and practice for the benefit of impacted young people and communities.

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BMWP: A Path Forward

BMWP: An Emergent Framework

Aspen FCS is changing the way key stakeholders discuss, define and address the challenges and promise of Opportunity Youth across the nation. This calls for a major narrative shift about Opportunity Youth that acknowledges their value and potential in our communities and society, and that centers our collective responsibility to ensure that the systems and institutions in which they are engaged are working effectively to make sure they can thrive. The belonging, meaning, wellbeing and purpose (BMWP) framework helps to focus our efforts on evidence-based interventions that have long-term impacts on young people,. It also offers systems-change strategies that set “big goals” for all young people, and it establishes targeted strategies that meet young people’s unique needs. What’s more, the framework involves the very youth we aim to support in these systems-change efforts. BMWP provides a pathway to establish both shared priorities and customizable strategies for each community in the Opportunity Youth Forum and offers us an explicit and meaningful vision for the next phase of our work.

How to use this Primer

This primer is designed to provide a high-level overview of the BMWP framework. The Table of Contents provides links to each section and page numbers are hyperlinks that take you back to the Table of Contents. The Primer begins with a case for BMWP and the broad outcomes and benefits of BMWP. Each construct of BMWP has its own section that provides key definitions, examples of how BMWP is operationalized across the Opportunity Youth Forum, exemplars of the construct, strategies associated with each construct and related measurement tools. In the wellbeing section, there is additional context provided regarding the domains of wellbeing most frequently mentioned in the adolescent wellbeing literature reviewed, and insights on the factors that influence youth wellbeing. The primer closes with a summary of the core concepts and our long-term vision for BMWP. There are hyperlinks throughout the document to connect to useful information or source material and websites to learn more. Consider this Primer to be an introduction to the BMWP framework and a resource to begin to unpack these important constructs.

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WHY BMWP?

  • BMWP is aligned with Aspen FCS’ focus on systems change, youth-led change, healing-centered practice and youth-centered practice.
  • BMWP helps shift work with Opportunity Youth away from industry-centered pathways and strategies to youth-centered approaches and meaning pathways.
  • BMWP is concerned with the development of young people and with the transformation of systems that impact them.
    • The framework takes an asset-based view of youth and acknowledges the harmful ways systems can impact young people.
  • The framework is responsive to the current political and social climate.
    • BMWP helps us advance our equity efforts through effective, low-cost, relational, accessible, and transformative strategies, approaches and language.

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Benefits of BMWP

Belonging

Meaning

Wellbeing

Purpose

  • Protective relationship with anxiety and depression
  • Promotes mental health and emotional well-being
  • Promotes social inclusion, life satisfaction, academic success and resilience
  • Promotes self-esteem
  • Reduced likelihood of absenteeism, misconduct and school disengagement
  • Reduced likelihood of dropout and attrition
  • Decreased feelings of alienation, isolation and disaffection or low social integration or exclusion
  • Activates reward-related region of the brain and triggers the release of oxytocin, dopamine, serotonin (makes you feel good)
  • Improves mood, memory retention, and improve/enhance learning
  • Improves brain functioning
  • Increased course persistence
  • Reduction in school absences
  • Reduced disciplinary problems
  • Increased academic performance
  • Decrease feelings of shame and stigma
  • Promote social and academic integration
  • Increase college enrollment and persistence
  • Increased happiness
  • Increased emotional wellbeing and belonging
  • Improved Grades
  • Reduction in GPA gap between students of color and white students
  • Reduce juvenile delinquency
  • Reduced arrests
  • Increased high school graduation rates

  • Predicts future wellbeing in adulthood
  • Less depression
  • Greater life satisfaction
  • Longer lifespan
  • Greater productivity in workspace
  • More effective learning
  • Increased creativity
  • More prosocial behaviors
  • Positive relationships
  • And a host of outcomes associated with the domains of wellbeing communities prioritize

*Wellbeing is a framework and an outcome

  • Greater life satisfaction
  • Positive mood and personal agency
  • Civic engagement
  • Greater health
  • Greater wellbeing
  • Greater happiness
  • Greater resilience to stress
  • Increased social connections
  • Greater cognitive function
  • Greater mental health
  • Higher income and net worth
  • Lower risk of morbidity and mortality
  • Lower instances of chronic disease, stress reactivity, and overall allostatic load

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BELONGING

“[T]his…is about reclaiming and living and practicing belonging where no humans and no life are outside the circle of concern.” – john powell

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DEFINITION

Having a meaningful voice and

opportunity to participate in the design of

political, social and cultural

structures that shape one’s life”

(Othering and Belong Institute, n.d.).

BELONGING

*THEMES

(Belonging Practices across the OYF)

Co-Creation; Decision--Making;

Collecting & Informing Feedback; Youth-Led;

Access to Opportunity

Social Belonging refers to the feeling that you matter to the group, that you are valued for who you are and what you bring (Nunn, 2021)

*Themes refers to the practices currently implemented most frequently by OYF Partners.

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Belonging in Practice

*Youth-Led

*Feedback

*Barrier Removal/ Opportunity

*Decision Making

*Co-Creation

Mentoring

Narrative Shift

Outreach

Check-Ins

Representation

*Denotes a common practice

in OYF

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NXT LEVEL YOUTH OPPORTUNITY CENTER- PATH BUILDERS & SAN ANTONIO YOUTH COUNCIL

  • NXT Level Youth Opportunity Center connects 16 to 24 year olds to resources to help meet your personal, educational and career goals. Path Builders are youth leaders affiliated with the Center who manage narrative change work for NXT Level including social media, lead professional development, shape the program agenda, share information and do all reporting o behalf of the program.

  • The San Antonio Youth Commission serves as a youth-led "companion" to the City Council and informs policy and practice across city agencies. They developed and disseminated a teen mental health survey whose findings helped them to attain a $10M public investments for mental health resources for youth, influenced ARPA funding and awards, helped to attract new partners to the work and helped acquire $20 M for youth work in San Antonio.

NXT Level Youth Opportunity Center

San Antonio Youth Commission

Belonging Exemplar

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MEANING

“Wise interventions change meanings to change behaviors. -Lisa Quay

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DEFINITION

The ways in which people make sense of

themselves, others and social situations (Walton & Wilson, 2018)

MEANING

EXEMPLAR

Raise Your Hand Campaign

(Vietnamese American Youth Leaders Association)

*THEMES

Active Reflection ⠄Increasing Commitment Through Action⠄ Prompting New Meanings ⠄Therapy ⠄Cultural Lens ⠄Mentoring/ Rites of Passage

MEASURES

Improved outcomes associated with the meaning making interventions implemented

*Themes refers to the practices currently implemented most frequently by OYF Partners.

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Meaning Making in Practice

*⧫Active Reflection/

Planning

(Reframing one’s perspective on a situation by responding to structured writing prompts;

Envisioning and aspiring to future, possible selves)

*Youth Organizing/YPAR

*⧫Prompting New Meanings

(Provide new information that people can draw from to make sense of themselves, a situation or others, e.g., reframing negative experiences as things that happened to you, not because of you.

*Therapy

⧫Ethnic Studies

(Culturally relevant to identity and experience)

*⧫Mentoring/ Rites of Passage

(Cultural based, structured mentoring)

* Denotes interventions commonly used in OYF

Denotes interventions that were found to be most impactful your young people at higher disadvantaged schools (Arnold, 2021).

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STUDENT BLUEPRINT FOR SARAH T. REED

(Vietnamese American Young Leaders Association)

  • The Student Blueprint for Sarah T. Reed was a youth-led, community visioning research process that surfaced findings about the desires of the community to transform a "failing" school.

  • This process helped young people address "limiting beliefs" through critical social analysis and youth organizing. Some young people involved in the process initially viewed themselves as “failures” because there school was failing. Through youth organizing they engaged in a root cause analysis and other critical social analysis processes to better understand how there school performed poorly. The organizing experience helped them gain a newfound understanding of the impacts of divestment in public schools, high teacher turnover and minimal resourcing, on school performance, shifting their negative self-view to a view of self as leaders.

  • This process led to the addition of new resources for the school and the development of a new community school with youth on the board.

Meaning Exemplar

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WELLBEING

“The future of wellbeing coming out of this process is that we will be able to create policy that supports wellbeing for our communities, and have the data to back it up. We will be able to implement more specific programs that foster wellbeing.”

-Shaquana Boykin

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DEFINITION

Adolescents have the support, confidence,

and resources to thrive in contexts

of secure and healthy relationships,

realizing their full potential

and rights (Ross, et al., 2020).

WELLBEING

*THEMES

Financial & Economic Wellbeing • Social, Cultural and Community Connectedness (relationships/belonging) • Health & Wellbeing • Learning & Education • Healthy Families & Communities • Safe & Just Communities • Youth Voice & Civic Engagement • Policy/Advocacy

*Themes refers to the domains of wellbeing OYF Partners address most frequently

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11 Domains of Youth Wellbeing

Financial Wellbeing

Social, Cultural and Community Connectedness

Health & Wellbeing

Learning & Education

Healthy Families & Communities

Safe & Just Communities

Youth Voice & Civic Engagement

Immigrant Justice

Environmental Justice

Agency & Resilience

Racial & Ethnic Equity

(Most Common Domains of Wellbeing}

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Wellbeing

Personal

Relational

Resources

Opportunities

The Road to Wellbeing

Youth wellbeing requires that young people have the relationships, resources and opportunities needed to facilitate their personal development and the desirable outcomes necessary for them to thrive.

  • Personal: Skills and competencies
  • Relational: Social connections required to support youth wellbeing
  • Resources: Materials needed to support wellbeing
  • Opportunities: Access to experiences required for wellbeing

Individual Libraries

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NEW ORLEANS YOUTH MASTER PLAN

(New Orleans Children & Youth Planning Board)

  • The New Orleans Youth Master Plan is a comprehensive strategy devised by young people, families, systems leaders, community-based organizations and other key stakeholders to create and sustain a city that supports and facilitates the wellbeing of all young people.

  • This plan was designed around a vision set by New Orleans youth and was co-created by community members through a youth-led process. The Plan advances 30 solutions to address barriers to youth wellbeing to be implemented over a ten year period. The Youth Master Plan is organized along six domains of wellbeing, for which barriers to wellbeing are identified, goals are established, solutions (strategies) are presented and metrics are named to track progress towards goal attainment (youth wellbeing).

  • This plan has been used to inform philanthropic investments, influence city government priorities and budget allocations, shape local agencies’ priorities and provide guidance to CBOs’ programming to support youth and families.

  • Some wins to date are expanded mental health care for children and youth up to 24, free public transportation for youth up to 24, youth-led philanthropic initiatives, free home nurse visits for children born in New Orleans, expanded funding for summer youth programming, and a peer-to-peer support network for system-impacted youth, a guaranteed basic income pilot for Opportunity Youth and other related gains for youth.

Wellbeing Exemplar

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PURPOSE

“(Purpose)It is a center of gravity for the various aspects of who we are and where we are heading.”-Anthony Burrow

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DEFINITION

Purpose refers to one’s desire and

intention to achieve something that

is significant to one’s life and of

consequence to the world in which

one lives (Damon, Menon, & Bronk, 2003).

PURPOSE

THEMES

Purpose Exploration

Purpose Awareness

Revised Youth Purpose Survey ᐧ Pathways to Purpose Survey ᐧ Self-Reported Experiences, i.e., Reflections from Purpose Interventions

*Themes refers to the practices currently mentioned most frequently by OYF Partners.

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Purpose Strategies

  • Reflection opportunities
  • Encouraging self-definition and reflection on the roles they play in their lives
  • Experiences such as youth organizing and activism create opportunities for marginalized youth to develop purpose awareness
  • Sense-of-purpose interventions
  • Purpose for learning intervention
  • Youth in decision-making roles
  • Safe space for exploration and reflection
  • Internships
  • Jobs
  • Leadership & organizing opportunities
  • Developing skills through social experiences like mentoring or group participation
  • Transformative life experiences
  • Experiences/events that center shared identity or shared commtiment to a purpose lead to purpose commitment
  • Experiences with marginalization can both hinder and help facilitate purpose commitment depending on rejection sensitivity

Purpose exploration,awareness and commitment are part of the process of purpose development. The following are experiences and strategies associated with these aspects of purpose development.

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CONTRIBUTION PROJECT

(Bronfenbrenner Center for Translational Research)

  • The Contribution Project awards young people from Cornell University and two SUNY colleges $400 to fund ideas and projects that are meaningful to them.

  • Over 250 students and student groups have engaged in this Project since the project was first administered in 2019. The Project is slated to expand this year.

  • The projects formulated and executed by students have a positive impact on the individuals targeted by their efforts. But the experience of contributing to others/community impact students’ growth, wellbeing and purpose.

  • The Contribution Projectis a research project that is expected to expand our understanding of contribution and its benefits in the cultivation of purpose, development of young people and the impacts of such initiatives on the students and those impacted by their projects.

Purpose Exemplar

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Review: BMWP Core Concepts

Belonging

Meaning

Wellbeing

Purpose

Structural Belonging: having a meaningful voice and opportunity to participate in the design of political, social and cultural structures that shape one’s life” (Othering and Belong Institute, n.d.).; Those that belong have and express “the right to both contribute and make demands upon society and political institutions” (Othering and Belonging Institute, n.d.).

Social Belonging: Feeling of being respected, accepted and valued (Goodenow & Grady, 1993); “feeling that you matter to a group and that you are valued for what you bring and who you are” (Nunn, 2021, p. 15).

The three dimensions of belonging are social connectivity, psychological safety, and agency and co-creation (Argo & Sheikh, 2023).

Meaning-Making: The ways in which people make sense of themselves, others and social situations; the lens through which one examines oneself and one’s world (Walton & Wilson, 2018).

Meaning-Making/Meaning-Based/Wise Interventions: Interventions that alter the way people see themselves and their world in order to influence them to operate more constructively in the world (Brockner & Sherman, 2019).

The way a person interprets (sees) themselve, others and the world around them influences their responses and behavior.

Wellbeing: The absence of intergenerational trauma (Fresh Tracks, 2023); Adolescents have the support, confidence, and resources to thrive in contexts of secure and healthy relationships, realizing their full potential and rights (Ross, et al., 2020).

Subjective Wellbeing: Positive mental health (Ross, et al., 2020) [i.e., “a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community” (World Health Organization, 2004)].

Structural Wellbeing: “A system of public policies, institutional and inclusive practices, cultural representations and other norms that establish a sense of belonging and work to strengthen families, communities and individual well-being for positive life outcomes”; the opposite of structural racism (Burns Institute, 2022).

Note: Wellbeing is a framework and an outcome

Purpose: One’s desire and intention to achieve something that is significant to one’s life and of consequence to the world in which one lives (Damon, Menon, & Bronk, 2003). Purpose is also defined as a self-organizing and prospective life aim (McKnight & Kashdan, 2009).

Purpose Exploration: An existential process in which one considers their purpose in life through a variety of reflection and explorative processes, e.g., “Who am I?” (Summer, Burrow & Hill, 2018).

Purpose Awareness: One’s consciousness and recognition of their purpose in life as well as their capacity to articulate their purpose in life( Summer, Burrow & Hill, 2018).

Purpose Commitment: Finding and settling on a direction for one’s life. (Summer, Burrow & Hill, 2018)

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BMWP Strategy

Our vision is to improve life outcomes for youth and young adults of color with Belonging, Meaning, Wellbeing, and Purpose strategies to improve pathways, structures, systems and narratives in our communities and our country, expanding justice and strengthening our democracy.

THRIVING

YOUTH

Deepening

Investments

Narrative

Change

Assessing

Impact

Transforming

Systems

Transforming

Practice

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