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Introduction to �One Health, Zoonosis & Food Safety

Dr. Suman Bhattarai

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IOH

B.V.Sc & A.H

Kisan Polytechnic Institute

Chapakot-10, Syanja

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Introduction to VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH & ZOONOSIS

Unit- 1

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  • The relationship between animal health and human health has been recognized since ancient times
  • 18th century the medical authorities both in the UK and on continental Europe were instrumental in developing the disease control measures to combat rinderpest

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History of Veterinary Public Health

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Rudolph Virchow(1821–1902) -

“Between animal and human medicine there is no dividing line – nor should there be.”

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19th century and the early 20th century:

    • interest in linking human and veterinary medicine
    • discoveries that there were similar disease processes in both animals and humans.

Mid 20th Century –

    • collaboration between human and veterinary medicine declined
    • No any collaboration between the two professions.
    • Reasons include the degree of specialisation which occurred in both professions and also the different objectives placed on human and veterinary medicine

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History of Veterinary Public Health

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“Veterinary Public Health comprises all the community efforts influencing and influenced by the veterinary medical arts and sciences applied to the prevention of diseases, protection of life, and promotion of the well being and efficiency of man.”(1951 FAO).

@3P

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1975 :

The FAO/WHO joint technical report modified the earlier definition.

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Veterinary Public Health is a component of public health activities devoted to the application of professional veterinary skills, knowledge and resources for the protection and improvement of human health".

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History of Veterinary Public Health

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1984:

“One medicine“: 1st used by Dr. Schwabe in his book, Veterinary Medicine and Human Health

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14 October 2008: ,

“One Health” approach was evolved to promote partnership by developing increased cooperation and collaboration between professionals working in the human and veterinary fields .

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New concept

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“One World, One Health”

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History of Veterinary Public Health

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Venus has a pretty name

Concept of Veterinary Public Health

Health is the state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”

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Public Health: The science of protecting and improving the health of people and their communities.

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Veterinary Public Health is “the contributions to the physical, mental and social well being of humans through an understanding and application of veterinary science".

- WHO, FAO and OIE, 1999

  1. Veterinary public health (VPH) is a component of public health that focuses on the application of veterinary science to protect and improve the physical, mental and social well-being of humans

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Role/Key Aspects of Veterinary Public Health(VPH)

A. Prevention and Control of Zoonotic diseases:

B. Protection of Environment i.e., Environmental Health:

C. Protection of Food i.e., Food Safety:

D. Veterinary Public health Services:

  • One health approach
  • Zoonotic diseases control

E. Disease Surveillance and Epidemiology:

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Zoonosis�@Zoon + Noson

    • Rudolf Virchow in 1880.
  • Derived from the Greek:
    • Zoon: Animal
    • Noson: Disease

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    • Zoonoses refer to those diseases and infections which are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals & man (Joint WHO/FAO Expert group, 1959).

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  • Zoonotic diseases are very common around the world.

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  • Scientists estimate that
    • > 6 out of every 10 known infectious diseases in people are spread from animals,
    • 3 out of every 4 new or emerging infectious diseases in people are spread from animals. 

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  • Protection/Safeguard people from infections that are transmitted from animals to man.

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  • Identification, Surveillance (Ongoing scrutiny of all aspects of occurrence and spread of a disease that are pertinent to effective control, prevention and eradication) prevention and control of zoonoses important to public health.

Importance of Veterinary public health and zoonosis in livestock and human health

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  • Promotion of animal health to boost production, productivity and thus, the food supply and socioeconomic development.
  • Promoting and protecting the health and well being of the people.
  • Prevention of foodborne zoonotic diseases
  • Safety of food for human consumption
  • Protection of environment from pollution
  • Educate people about zoonoses.
  • Development of plans, policies for the prevention & control of zoonotic diseases in the nation.

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Thank You