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Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)��An Overview

compliments of

National Crime Prevention Council

www.ncpc.org

Trainer Notes:

Introduce yourself to the participants. Describe your background in this area. Mention that the National Crime Prevention Council, in partnership with the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), Office of Justice Programs, the Bureau of Justice Assistance, is the creator of this PowerPoint. Refer participants to NCPC’s three websites and other DOJ affiliated websites.

www.ncpc.org – Main website
www.ncpc.org/ncpa – NCPC’s membership association website
www.mcgruff.org – Website for children
www.bja.gov – Bureau of Justice Assistance website
www.bjatraining.org – Bureau of Justice Training website is a major source of criminal justice training and technical assistance information and resources, offering specialized assistance on current laws and evolving trends that affect the criminal justice field.
www.crimesolutions.gov – The Office of Justice Programs’ CrimeSolutions.gov uses rigorous research to determine what works in criminal justice, juvenile justice, and crime victim services.
www.ncjrs.gov – National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) is a federally funded resource offering justice and substance abuse information to support research, policy, and program development worldwide.

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Training Goal

To provide participants with an overview of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) and how it has been used to create safer, more secure, and vibrant communities

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Training Objectives

Define Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design ( CPTED)

Provide one example of the four principles NCPC uses with CPTED

Articulate strategies that support each principle

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What do we mean by Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)?

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Definition of CPTED

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design is defined as the proper design and effective use of buildings and public spaces within a community environment that can lead to a reduction in the fear and incidents of crime, and an improvement in the quality of life.

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CPTED Thinkers

Jane Jacobs - 1961

The Death and Life of

Great American Cities

C. Ray Jeffrey - 1971

Crime Prevention Through

Environmental Design

Oscar Newman - 1972

Defensible Space

Wilson and Kelling - 1988

Broken Windows

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Basic CPTED Principles

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Four Principles

Access Control

Surveillance

Territorial Reinforcement

Maintenance

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ACCESS�CONTROL

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Access Control

Access control involves designing streets, sidewalks, building entrances, and neighborhood gateways to clearly indicate transitions from the public environ to semi-private and private areas.

Three types

Natural
Mechanical
Organized

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Natural Access Control Strategies

Create a perception among offenders that there is a risk in selecting the target
Doors, shrubs, wood, stone, etc. to deny admission to a crime target
Locate vulnerable areas near sources of surveillance
Convert streets to pedestrian use

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Mechanical Access Control Strategies

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Control emergency exits
Fence off problem areas
Surveillance equipment at access points
Identification procedures for entry
Physical and mechanical means of access control
Locks, bars, and alarms to supplement natural access control if needed

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Access Control Locks

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Organized Access Control

The formal use of people, such as uniformed law enforcement, private security, and organized volunteers

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Organized Access Control (continued)

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SURVEILLANCE

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Surveillance

A design principle that maximizes visibility of people, parking areas, vehicles, and site activities.

Strategies involve the strategic placement of windows, doors, walkways, parking lots, and vehicular routes.

Three types:

Natural
Mechanical
Organized

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Natural Surveillance -Strategies

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Natural Lighting
Windows facing streets and alleys
Front porches
Remove window clutter or visual obstructions
Cash registers at the front
See-through fencing

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Natural Surveillance

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Mechanical Surveillance - Strategies

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Security lighting

Locate vulnerable areas near activity

CCTV

Placement of cameras

See-through fencing with access control component

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Camera Placement

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Organized Surveillance

Locate staff to monitor high-risk areas
Electronic surveillance coupled with viewing staff

Locate vulnerable areas near activity

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Organized Surveillance (continued)

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TERRITORIAL �REINFORCEMENT

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Territorial Reinforcement Strategies

Sidewalks, landscaping, and porches help distinguish between public and private areas.

Helps users exhibit signs of “ownership” that send “hands off” messages to would-be offenders

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Territoriality - Define Space

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MAINTENANCE

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Maintenance Strategy

Addresses management and maintenance of space

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Maintenance (continued)

Crime is often concentrated in dilapidated areas with litter or graffiti.

If problems are not addressed quickly, they can exacerbate crime.
May imply that residents, officials, and police will overlook or ignore criminal activity

Well-maintained properties send strong messages about who should be there and who should not.

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Maintenance Strategy

Proper upkeep (mowing grass, trimming trees and landscaping, picking up trash, repairing broken windows and light fixtures, and painting over graffiti)
Helps signal that a location or facility is well cared for and therefore would be inhospitable to a criminal
It also signals that an owner, manager, or neighbor is watching out for the property and could spot illegal behavior

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Maintain Space

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Resources�www.ncpc.org

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About NCPC – www.ncpc.org

The National Crime Prevention Council is a private, nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization.
Mission Statement – To be the nation’s leader in helping people keep themselves, their families, and their communities safe from crime
For over 30 years, NCPC has successfully promoted and engaged the public in crime prevention efforts through McGruff the Crime Dog®, various programs, and the support of government agencies, corporations, foundations, and individuals.

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Resources

Angel, Schlomo. (1968). Discouraging Crime Through City Planning. (Paper No. 75). Berkeley, CA: Center for Planning and Development Research, University of California at Berkeley.

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design, Third Edition by Lawrence Fennelly and Timothy Crowe M.S. Criminology - Florida State University (Jul 29, 2013)

Jacobs, Jane. (1961). The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-679-60047-7

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Resources (continued)

Jeffery, C. Ray. (1971). Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.

Jeffery, C. Ray. (1977). Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.

Jeffery, C. Ray. (1990). Criminology: An Interdisciplinary Approach. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Luedtke, Gerald and Associates. (1970). Crime and the Physical City: Neighborhood Design Techniques for Crime Reduction. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.

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Resources (continued)

Newman, Oscar. (1972). Defensible Space: Crime Prevention Through Urban Design. New York: Macmillan. ISBN 0-02-000750-7

Robinson, Matthew B. (1996). "The Theoretical Development of 'CPTED': 25 Years of Responses to C. Ray Jeffery." Appears in: Advances in Criminological Theory, Vol. 8. Url last accessed on May 6, 2006.

Wood, Elizabeth. (1961). Housing Design: A Social Theory. New York: Citizens' Housing and Planning Counsel of New York.

Wood, Elizabeth. (1967). Social Aspects of Housing in Urban Development. ST/SOA/71, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations, New York.

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For More Information

National Crime Prevention Council

1201 Connecticut Avenue, NW

Suite 200

Washington, DC 20036

202-466-6272

www.ncpc.org

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Reg. Sgt. Chuck Sczuroski

Master Trainer

csczuroski@ncpc.org

Sarita Hill Coletrane

Senior Training Manager

coletrane@ncpc.org