1 of 60

Equity in Action: Reducing Suspensions�for African American/Black Students

Network Improvement Community (NIC)

Session 2 • December 4, 2024

Today’s Materials – Session Two Resources

1

1

2 of 60

2

Partners

3 of 60

3

OUR WHY

Improving Student Outcomes

4 of 60

Reducing Suspensions for African American/Black Students

Network Improvement Community (NIC)

4

Dr. Charles Hinman

Interim County Superintendent of Schools​

Dr. Deborah Gorgulho

Assistant Superintendent, Educational Progress

Dr. Yee Wan

Director, �State and Regional Projects

Dr. Tracy Rohlfing

Administrator,

State and Regional Projects

Jalina Ray Udani

Administrative

Data Technician

Administrative Support Staff

Raquel Duran-Rivera

Administrative �Data Technician

Dr. Rose Owens-West

Co-Director of the Western Educational Equity Assistance Center (WEEAC) at WestEd

5 of 60

5

Charter School Team Folders

https://sccoe.to/ReducingSuspensionNIC

Select the Equity in Action: Team Folders icon, there is a page dedicated to Charter School Team Folders.

This link will take you to your team’s designated Google Drive folder.

6 of 60

Please Rename Yourself in Zoom

6

  1. Park Middle School-Antioch
  2. James Lick Middle School-SFUSD
  3. Menlo Atherton HS-Sequoia
  4. Ravenswood City School District
  5. Griffin Academy
  6. Mare Island Technology Academy
  7. Hogan Middle School-Vallejo
  8. Jesse Bethel High School-Vallejo
  9. Vallejo High School-Vallejo

Team Number - Name - Organization

Example:

7 - Tracy - SCCOE

7 of 60

Welcome & Who’s in the Room

7

  • Name
  • LEA/School/COE
  • Position/Job Title

8 of 60

Agreements

8

  • Be present

  • Lean into uncertainty
    • Ok not to know

  • All teach, all learn
    • Check your titles at the door
    • Step up, step back

  • Work hard, take care & connect

  • Candor over comfort
    • Explicitly name inequities

  • Embrace humility
    • Be willing to say when we don’t know
    • Practice non-judgment

9 of 60

Improvement In Action: Reducing Suspensions for AA/Black Students NIC

10 of 60

Framework

10

11 of 60

NIC Outcomes

11

Participating Teams will:

  • Analyze suspension data.
  • Use Improvement Science processes & tools to learn from�students, parents, and staff about factors affecting suspensions.
  • Understand and implement culturally responsive,�evidence-based practices to address suspensions.
  • Use a cultural lens to view data, analyze current practices, and identify the best approaches to address the inequitable outcomes experienced by African American/Black students in suspensions and overall achievement.
  • Apply dimensions of a framework that promotes equity and excellence for African American/Black students.

12 of 60

The Scope and Sequence

13 of 60

13

Dates

Session

Improvement Science Content Overview

10/2

1

What does the system indicate regarding disproportionality of African American/Black students’ suspension?

12/4*

2

Plan: From AIM Statement to Theory of Action.. Using Improvement Tools toward applying a change idea to root causes and implementing a Plan Do Study Act cycle.

2/6**

3

Do: Refining your plan and collecting data

3/6**

4

Study: Examining your results

4/10

5

Act: Adopt / Adapt / Abandon: Implications for schools

In-person 5.5-hour Session *Virtual 5.5-hour Session **Virtual 3.5-hour Session

14 of 60

Outcomes for Today

15 of 60

Session 2 Outcomes

15

Today’s Goal: Intentionality

  • Visualize one school’s journey to reducing suspension.
  • Recognize elements of working with intentionality to address disproportionality in discipline.
  • Reflect on the current practices in the school/LEA regarding discipline practices and suspension.
  • Understand proactive strategies for addressing student discipline.
  • Collaborate to establish a plan for addressing suspension disproportionality.

16 of 60

17 of 60

Today’s Agenda

8:30-8:50

Introductions and Plan For the Day

8:50-9:10

Facing Into Our History and Break Out

9:10-10:10

One School’s Story: Torrin M. Johnson Executive Director Multi-Tiered System of Supports Merced Union High School District

10:10-10:20

Questions and Reflections

10:20-10:30

Break

10:30-11:50

Intentionally Reducing African American Student Suspensions Through Proactive/Inclusionary Discipline Dr. Owens- West

11:50-12:25

Reflection and Lunch

12:25:12:35

Intentionality in Planning

12:35-1:45

From AIM Statement to Theory of Action

1:45-2:00

Next Steps and Feedback

18 of 60

19 of 60

Journey to Reducing Suspension

Torrin M. Johnson

Executive Director Multi-Tiered System of Supports�Merced Union High School District

20 of 60

20

Reflections and Questions

21 of 60

Morning Break 10:20-10:30

22 of 60

Intentionally Reducing African American Student Suspensions Through Proactive/Inclusionary Discipline

Dr. Rose Owens-West

23 of 60

Team Reflection and Lunch Break 11:50-12:30

24 of 60

Intentionality in Planning LCAP/SPSA

25 of 60

Intentionality in Planning: LCAP/ SPSA

26 of 60

Applying the Four Leverage Points to School and District System Change Processes

  • Staff reflection on their practice and learning
  • Learning to understand students' lived experience
  • Family and community engagement
  • Constructive developmental strategies to draw students in instead of pushing them out.
  • Academic opportunities and expectations for African American/Black students

26

27 of 60

Our Process..

27

Ferguson Middle School

Ferguson, Missouri 1998-2005

  • 950 Students
  • 85% African American/Black
  • 15% White
  • 88% Free and Reduced
  • Disproportionate Suspensions

Systems Analysis:

Who, what, when, and where and how do we share?

Professional Development

Culturally Responsive Practices

Mindset

A Focus on Rigor in Instruction and College and Career Readiness

A System of Positive Behavior Interventions and Support

Proactive Parent and Family Engagement

High Expectations and Recognitions

Age Appropriate Targeted Literacy Instruction

#Creativity

African American Parent Advisory Committee LEA and School Level

Mentors and Community Groups

Know the Neighborhood

Know the Culture

Role Models

Writing Across the Curriculum

28 of 60

Note Catcher:

From AIM Statement to Theory of Action

29 of 60

Common Improvement Tools Reminder

Understanding Your Problem:

Data Analysis, Problem of Practice, Fishbone Diagram- Process Maps

Narrowing Your Focus/Generating Ideas:

Aim Statement, Driver Diagram-Theory �of Action

Test and Build:

PDSA (Plan, Do, Study, Act) Cycles

Spread and Scale:

Scaling Opportunities

29

30 of 60

30

30

From AIM Statement to A Theory of Action

Create an AIM Statement on the Note Taking Sheet.

Determine As a Group the Change Idea You Wish to Test for the Next 4 Weeks.

Generate Potential Change Ideas (Small in Scale) to Address the Hypothesis

Post the AIM Statement on the Driver Diagram

Generate 3 Hypotheses (Drivers) to Address the Area of Focus and Choose One

How will you measure the impact of the change?

If We (Change Action)

Then we will impact (Driver/Hypothesis)

That will result in (AIM)

As Evidenced By: Specific Measurement References

Review the Problem Of Practice and Root Cause Analysis Categories

AIM Statement

Driver Diagram

Identify a Change Idea

Create a Theory of Action

Write a Proximal AIM Statement

31 of 60

31

Model for Improvement

PLAN

DO

STUDY

ACT

What specifically are we trying to accomplish?

What change(s) might we introduce

and why?

How will we know that a change is an improvement?

Making your theory explicit

Learning�through testing

32 of 60

The Aim Statement

33 of 60

Scoping the Improvement Effort

Improve homework completion rates in one classroom

Improve service in the school cafeteria

Decrease disciplinary incidents in a middle school

Reduce 9th grade failure rates in a network of �10 schools

Increase 3rd grade reading in a state

Redesign remedial math in community colleges nationwide

LESS complex

Less resources required

MORE complex

More resources required

34 of 60

Aim Statement: Clearly Defining Success

34

34

  • What will be improved?
  • By how much?
  • By when?
  • For what/whom?

Your Aim Statement answers the question:

What specifically are we trying to accomplish?

35 of 60

Creating an AIM Statement

Problem of Practice: African American/Black students experience a suspension rate of 28%, compared to the school-wide rate of 9% for all students.

Aim Statement Work Table

35

Question

Answer

What will be improved? (Clear definitions)

Decrease the suspension rate for African American/Black students

By how much? (Measureable, specific, numerical goals)

Decrease by 10% from 28% to 18%, as measured by the percentage of AA/B students suspended

By when? (Time Frame)

June 30, 2026

For what or whom? (Target population, setting, or process)

African American/Black students

By June 2026, we aim to decrease the suspension rate for African American/Black students by 10%, from 28% to 18%, as measured by the percentage of students suspended.

36 of 60

Connecting to Equity Value

Equity Value

This milestone reflects our strong commitment to transforming the culture and climate by …

  • Reviewing current policies and practices,
  • Gaining a deeper understanding of students' lived experiences in the school setting,
  • Building strong, meaningful relationships with families and the community, etc.

36

Equity Pause

How does your equity value align with your aim statement?

Aim Statement

By June 2026, we aim to decrease the suspension rate for African American/Black students by 10%, from 28% to 18%, as measured by the percentage of students suspended.

37 of 60

Team Time One 12 minutes

  1. Access your team’s December 4 Notecatcher in your Storyboard. Link to Team Folders

  • Follow the prompts to create your AIM Statement on your Team’s Notecatcher.

37

38 of 60

The Driver Diagram

39 of 60

39

39

From AIM Statement to Driver Diagram

Driver Diagram: A visual representation of the team’s understanding of a problem, translating it into a theory of change by outlining the key leverage points and specific ideas necessary to achieve the aim.

Drivers: High-leverage adaptive and technical points of influence within the system that are critical to achieving the aim.

  • A driver should answer the question: “What must happen in order for us to accomplish our aim?”
  • Drivers may include structures, processes, or norms within the system.
  • Drivers should clearly align with the aim, and teams should reasonably believe that progress in these high-leverage areas will help reduce suspensions for African American/Black students.

40 of 60

40

40

Team Time Two 8 minutes

Create Drivers

What specifically are we trying to accomplish?

Key leverage points in the system

What changes might we introduce and how will we measure?

Impact?

AIM

Statement

(Add Here)

Drivers

(Brainstorm 1-3)

Change Idea

(Brainstorm 1-3)

Method of Measure

Impact? �High or Low…

Big Dot Aim

By June 2026, we aim to decrease the suspension rate for African American/Black students by 10%, from 28% to 18%, as measured by the percentage of students suspended.

Review current policies and practice

Understand students’ lived experiences in the school setting (Transformational Culture & Climate)

Engage families and community

Employ inclusionary discipline practices

  1. Add the aim statement to the blue column.
  2. In the purple column, include 1-3 high-leverage drivers that directly influence the aim.
  3. Choose One Driver as an area of focus.

41 of 60

The Change Idea

42 of 60

42

42

From Driver Diagram to Change Ideas

“What adaptive and technical changes can we make that will reduce the number of suspensions?”

Change Ideas are:

  • Specific alterations to how work is done within the system.
  • Targeted and actionable strategies designed to drive change and achieve the aim.
  • The changes we test, reflect upon, and refine through the improvement science process.

43 of 60

Where do “Change Ideas” come from?

  1. Analysis of the problem: What does our analysis of the problem indicate may be a helpful solution? (Data-informed brainstorming)
  2. Research knowledge: What does academic literature have to say about solving this problem? (Book Study, Research, What Works, HUB)
  3. Design/Creative Thinking: What new solutions might we design to address this problem? (Design Thinking)
  4. Practice knowledge: What have other organizations in the field done to solve this problem? (Community of Practice, NIC)

43

44 of 60

Translating a Concept to a Tangible Idea

44

Build a culture of belonging in school

Encourage teachers to intentionally connect with individual students to build authentic relationships

Implement the 2x10 strategy

  1. Keep the change idea small..
  2. Consider changes to the system vs fast thinking �“We need to hire more people”.
  3. Keep brainstorming to a minimum and consider the merit of the change idea in relation to what is already �in place.
  4. Process not perfection…
  5. Ensure the change idea is measurable.

45 of 60

45

IMPACT

low

low

high

high

CONTROL

Impact & Control Matrix

High Impact /

High Control

(Green)

Low Impact/High Control

(Orange)

High Impact/Low Control

(Yellow)

Low Impact/Low Control

(Red)

SWEET SPOT!

High Impact / High Control

46 of 60

46

Setting Proximal and Big Dot Aims

STARTING POINT

PROXIMAL AIM

What are we trying to accomplish?

BIG DOT AIM

What are we trying to accomplish?

A narrower, more focused version of the Big Dot Aim Statement, aligned with the scope of the high-leverage areas and change ideas being addressed.

Source: Grunow, A., Park, S., & Bennett, B. (2024). Journey to improvement: A team guide to systems change in education, health care, and social welfare. Rowman & Littlefield. Figure 7.2, p. 90.

47 of 60

47

Proximal and Big Dot Aims Example

STARTING POINT

PROXIMAL AIM

By March 15, 2025, we aim to increase teachers' confidence in their ability to build positive relationships with 6th-grade African American/Black students by one level on a five-point scale, as measured by teachers' self-reflection, and weekly student referral data.

BIG DOT AIM

By June 2026, we aim to decrease the suspension rate for African American/Black students by 10%, from 28% to 18%, as measured by the percentage of students suspended.

Change Idea

Implement the 2x10 strategy

Driver: Key Leverage Point

Understand students’ lived experience in the school setting

Source: Grunow, A., Park, S., & Bennett, B. (2024). Journey to improvement: A team guide to systems change in education, health care, and social welfare. Rowman & Littlefield. Figure 7.2, p. 90.

48 of 60

Team Time Three 15 minutes

Brainstorm Change Ideas

What specifically are we trying to accomplish?

Key leverage points in the system

What changes might we introduce and how will we measure?

Impact?

AIM

Statement

(Add Here)

Drivers

(Brainstorm 1-3)

Change Idea

(Brainstorm 1-3)

Method of Measure

Impact? �High or Low…

Big Dot Aim

By June 2026, we aim to decrease the suspension rate for African American/Black students by 10%, from 28% to 18%, as measured by the percentage of students suspended.

Review current policies and practices

Understand students’ lived experiences in the school setting

(Transformational Culture & Climate)

Implement the 2x10 strategy to enhance teachers’ confidence in their ability to build positive relationships with AA/B students

Teachers’ self-reflection before and after implementing the strategy; student feedback; referral data

High Impact, High Control

Engage family and community

Employ inclusionary discipline (strategies/practices)

  • Brainstorm 1-3 Change Ideas/Method of Measure that support the chosen driver and list in the orange column.
  • Analyze the change idea and method of measure for impact.
  • Choose One Change Idea and Method of Measure for your study.
  • Write a Proximal AIM Statement.

49 of 60

Measurement Chart and

A Theory of Action

50 of 60

Measurement Chart

Based on Your Team’s Proximal Aim and

Selected Change Idea

How will we know that a change is an improvement?

What broad measure are you tracking?

Suspensions and discipline referrals for all students

What is the specific measure you will be tracking? (# and type)

Suspensions and discipline referrals for African American/Black students

At what frequency will it be pulled?

Weekly

Who will be responsible for this task?

Data administrator

What is the frequency and organizational structure within which the measure will be discussed and analyzed?

Data will be discussed during the NIC bi-weekly improvement team huddles

The ability to measure will weigh into the choice of a change idea..

51 of 60

51

Team Time Four 10 minutes

  • Complete the Measures Chart.
  • Write the Theory of Action.

Theory of Action Based On Proximal AIM Six Week Period

If we __________

then we impact ___

that will result in __

as evidenced by ________

Change Idea

Driver (Area of Influence)

AIM

Measurable Outcome

If we have a restorative chat with students after each discipline referral

then we impact inclusionary discipline practices

that will result in decrease in discipline referrals for African American/black students

as evidenced by

the weekly discipline referrals report.

52 of 60

Resources

53 of 60

53

54 of 60

Next Steps & Feedback Survey

55 of 60

Next Steps

Set up 30 minute coaching call with coach to review today’s work.

Review template of PDSA Cycle I during January 10-21, 2025 coaching call.

Discuss potential change ideas with coach January 10-21, 2025

Calendar Virtual Session 3 Thursday, February 6, 2025 8:30 am -12 pm

Encourage new team members to register for the series

55

56 of 60

Coaching Assignments/Schedulers

56

Dr. Hana Suleiman - Solano COE

HSuleiman@solanocoe.net

  • Hogan Middle School-Vallejo
  • Jesse Bethel High School-Vallejo
  • Vallejo High School-Vallejo

Hanna Ma - Contra Costa COE

HMa@cccoe.k12.ca.us

Debra Pettric - Contra Costa COE

dpettric@cccoe.k12.ca.us

  • Park Middle School-Antioch

Dr. Tracy Rohlfing Scheduler

Bay Area Geo Leads Consortium

trohlfing@sccoe.org

  • Mare Island Technology Academy-Solano
  • Griffin Academy-Solano
  • James Lick Middle School-SFUSD

Dr. Yee Wan

Bay Area Geo Leads Consortium

ywan@sccoe.org

Carrie Blanton - San Mateo COE

cblanton@smcoe.org

Gracie Estrella - San Mateo COE

gestrella@smcoe.org

  • Menlo Atherton HS-Sequoia
  • Belle Haven Elementary-Ravenswood
  • Cesar Chavez Middle-Ravenswood

57 of 60

Q & A

57

58 of 60

Feedback Survey

Please provide feedback by completing this survey.

58

59 of 60

59

60 of 60

Connect with SCCOE

60