Utilization of Bio-waste from Local Areas and Repurpose towards Green and clean Energy generation

Submitted by

Gaurav Pandey - 10BB20A05002

Murugasenapathi - 10PP20A05004

Raghunath - 10CC20A05021

Sampathkumar P. - 10PP20A05003

Pardhsarathi - 10PP21J05002

CSIR-CENTRAL ELECTROCHEMICAL AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE, TAMILNADU

सीएसआईआर- केंद्रीय विद्युतरसायन अनुसंधान संस्थान, तमिलनाडु

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under the CSIR-800 unmet societal needs theme

Organic waste management.�Are we really doing something with this?

• Every year India generates around 40-60% of

organic waste to the total solid waste^[1]

• Generation of agro-food waste accounts for 720MT
• Burning what's left of the harvest is the only alternative to farmers due to lack of collection, transportation, or storage options
• Untreated agro-food waste results in green house effect and pollution

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www.radioiowa.com/2017/12/15/amount-of-food-waste-in-landfills-nearly-doubles/

www.fmcgceo.co.uk/plastics-save-food-and-resources/nat-flex-food-waste-graph/

Degree of severity involved. It’s not that normal, what we think…..

• Effects of agro-food waste related issues:
• Bio-waste is disposed in a landfill it roots through anaerobic fermentation and produces landfill gas and it becomes a significant source of greenhouse gas (methane) with 21 times the global warming potential of carbon dioxide (CO₂).
• Groundwater pollution affect aquatic animals, Eutrophication, Soil pollution, soil infertility, Air pollution, and Biodiversity loss.
• Dealing with agro-food waste

1. Turning into compost

2. Using as food for cattle

3. Bio-gas production

Solution: agro-waste for green and clean energy generation, why ? & How?

• Increased energy consumption and limited nonrenewable resource highlight the need for future clean energy technologies based on sustainable electrocatalysts that are both economical and scalable with-out compromising environmental sustainability.^[2]
• The vast waste agro-food is a great source of biological organic molecules which can serve as a precursor for generation of energy. ^[3]

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Tuned pyrolytic

In-situ doping conditions

Bulk in situ dopant activated

carbon mass

Purification to

obtain nanostructure

Lignocellulose

Graphene/

carbon NS

Reactive groups

N, S, O

Tubular Furnace

Use of bio-mass derived activated carbon mass for fuel cell catalysis

• Development of cathode materials from bio-mass derived NS suitable for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) application in metal-air batteries and fuel cell technology.^[2-4]
• In real time the half-cell electrochemical reaction will access the oxygen from the atmosphere reducing it to the water and generating the electron which further utilized at anode for generating energy, electricity and heat. ^[2-5]

Societal advantages:

1. Farmers will be center part of in this economy.
2. They can be paid on-site for collection of agro-waste.
3. Further, food/organic waste utilization will reduce the dumping, pollution, in recycle economy.
4. Efficient, non-precious and bulk cathode material will opens-up new avenue for green and clean energy.

References:

1. http://www.indiawaterportal.org/topics/solid-waste, dt. 01.08.2021, 07:00 AM
2. Kanagavalli, P., Pandey, G.R., Bhat, V.S. et al. Nitrogenated-carbon nanoelectrocatalyst advertently processed from bio-waste of Allium sativum for oxygen reduction reaction. J Nanostruct Chem (2021).
3. Sara Pérez-Rodríguez et al., Biomass waste-derived nitrogen and iron co-doped nanoporous carbons as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction, Electrochimica Acta (2021).
4. WO2018120067A1 - Waste biomass-derived metal-free catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction, dt. 03.08.2021, 09:00 PM
5. A. Dey, A. Singha, Bioinspired Electrocatalysis for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction, Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry (2018).

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