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A 19-years-old-female presented with weakness

Dr Nayma Sultana

MD resident(Phase A)

Department of Haematology

BSMMU

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Particulars of the patient

  • Name : Toha
  • Age:19 years
  • Sex: Female
  • Religion: Islam
  • Occupation: Student.
  • Marital Status: Unmarried
  • Address: Sylhet
  • Date of Admission: 21/03/2022

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Presenting Complaints

  • Weakness for 2 month.
  • Weight loss & alopecia for 5 months.
  • Abdominal discomfort & pain for 1 year.
  • A small swelling in the right side of neck 1 year back.
  • Irregular on & off bouts of fever & gum bleeding for 4 years.

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History of present illness

According to the statement of the patient she was reasonably well 4 years back.Then she developed irregular,on & off fever which lasted for 5-6 days, twice/thrice episodes in a month.Fever was lowgrade,intermitent in nature, releaved with antipyretics, not associated with chills and rigor,cough,abdominal pain,burning micturation or any other systemic menifestations.She also complaints of repeated gum bleeding for same duration which was spontaneously resolved.She gave no other bleeding history.

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For last 1 year she developed generalized abdominal discomfort along with abdominal pain which was diffuse,dull in nature,not associated with food, relieved by taking medication.With these complaints she went to a physician & was evaluated. A single lymph node was palpable that time on right posterior cervical region & was excised. She also complaints of documented weight loss of 5/6 kg in last 5 months & gave history of alopecia in last 5/6 months.

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Now for last 2 months she developed generalized weakness.She can do daily activities but feels tired all day long.She has no history of sweating at night,pruritus or bony pain.No history of photophobia was mentioned. she is normotensive & non-diabetic.Her bowel,bladder habit is normal.

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History of past illness

She gave H/O 1 unit blood transfusion in last 1 year.

Treatment History

the patient was given symptomatic treatment for her illness.History of taking tab cortan (30 mg) for 3 months in last year.

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Family History

Her parents & siblings all are doing well.

Immunization History

She was immunized according to EPI schedule

Socioeconomic History

The patient is from middle class family

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Menstrual History

Cycle: Regular

Flow: Normal

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Physical Examination

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General Examination

  • Appearance: ill looking
  • Body build: Average
  • Cooperation:cooperative
  • Decubitus:On choice
  • Anaemia: Mild
  • Jaundice: Absent
  • Cyanosis: Absent
  • Clubbing: Absent

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  • koilonychia: Absent
  • Leuconychia: Absent
  • Pulse: 80 b/min
  • BP: 110/70 mm hg
  • Temperature: 98 F
  • Respiratory Rate: 20 b/min
  • Lymph node: no lymphadenopathy ,there is a scar mark on right poterior cervical region.
  • Edema: Absent
  • Dehydration: Absent
  • Thyroid gland: Not enlarged
  • pigmentation : Normal

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Systemic Examination

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Abdomen

Inspection

: Abdomen is scaphoid in shape

:umbilicus is central & inverted in shape

:no visible peristalsis

:no engorged vein

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Superficial Palpation

  • Local Temperature: normal
  • No tenderness
  • No mass
  • No rigidity

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Deep palpation

  • There is no palpable mass
  • Liver: not palpable
  • Spleen: spleen is palpable 4 cm from left costal margin along the anterior axillary line.
  • Kidney is not ballotable.

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Percussion

  • percussion note is dull over spleen & resonant in rest of the abdomen
  • no shifting dullness

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Auscultation

  • Bowel sound: present
  • No bruit
  • Musculoskeletal system: normal
  • Cardiovascular system : normal
  • Nervous system: normal
  • Respiratory system : normal

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Salient features

Toha,19 yrs old normotensive,non-diabetic female hailing from Sylhet presented with the complaints of generalized weakness for 2 months.She gave H/O documented weight loss & alopecia for last 5 months.She also complaints of generalized abdominal discomfort along with abdominal pain for 1 year which was diffuse,dull in nature,not associated with food, relieved by taking medication.

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The patient has a long 4 years history of irregular,on & off fever which lasted for 5-6 days, twice/thrice episodes in a month.Fever was lowgrade,intermitent in nature, releaved with antipyretics, not associated with chills and rigor,cough,abdominal pain,burning micturation or any other systemic menifestations.She also complaints of repeated gum bleeding for same duration which was spontaneously resolved.She gave no other bleeding history.

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She has no history of sweating at night,pruritus or bony pain.No history of photophobia was mentioned.She gave H/O 1 unit blood transfusion in last 1 year.There was no previous H/O blood transfusion.Her menstrual cycle is regular & flow is normal.Bowel,bladder habit is also normal.On drug history history she told about taking tab cortan for 3 months in last year.On general examination,we found that the patient was mildly anaemic,no jaundice,cyanosis,clubbing,koilonychia or leuconychia.

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  • There was no lymphadnopathy but a scar mark was found in posterior cervical region.
  • Her pulse-80 b/min BP- 110/70 mm hg Temperature-98 F
  • There was no edema or sign of dehydration
  • On systemic examination,there was mild splenomegaly, no other organomegaly was found.
  • There was no other abnormalities in rest of the system.

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Differential Diagnosis

  • Connective tissue disease (possibly SLE)
  • Disseminated TB
  • Lymphoma

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Investigations

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CBC

CBC with ESR

30/03/21

02/10/21

22/03/22

Haemoglobin

7.3 gm/dl

10.7 gm/dl

9.2 gm/dl

ESR

35 mm in 1st hr

42 mm in 1st hr

50 mm in 1st hr

Total RBC Count

2.8*10^12/L

3.57*10^12/L

3.46*10^12/L

Total WBC Count

3.5*10^9/L

3.0*10^9/L

2.5*10^9/L

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CBC with ESR

30/03/21

02/10/21

22/03/22

Total Platelet Count

80*10^9/L

60*10^9/L

110*10^9/L

Neutrophil

62%

56%

65%

Lymphocyte

31%

33%

23%

Monocyte

3%

8%

10%

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CBC with ESR

30/03/21

02/10/21

22/03/22

Eosinophil

4%

3%

2%

Basophil

0%

0%

0%

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Test on 23/03/22

Result

serum Bilirubin

0.9 mg/dL

RBS

5 mmol/L

serum sodium

131 mmol/L

serum potassium

4 mmol/L

LDH

162 U/L

uric acid

5 mg/dL

SGPT

45 U/L

serum creatinine

0.86 mg/dL

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  • Montoux Test (31/03/21)-Negative
  • HBsAg (23/03/22) - negative
  • Anti HCV ( 23/03/22)- negative
  • Anti HIV ( 23/03/22)- negative
  • serum Vit B12 (13/04/21)- 856 pg/mL
  • serum Ferritin (24/03/22)- 25.81 ng/ml
  • Urine R/E (22/03/22) - Normal

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  • Antinuclear Antibody (13/04/21) - >400 AU/mL
  • Antinuclear Antibody (14/03/22)- strongly positive
  • Anti ds-DNA (23/03/22)- 11.0 U/ml
  • ENA profile (23/03/22)-
  • ss-A/Ro60KD- positive
  • ss-A/Ro60KD- positive
  • SS-B/La -positive

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Histopathology of lymph node biopsy (03/04/21)

Gross Description :

Specimen consist of an enlarged lymph node.It measures 1.3*1*0.8 cm.Embedded whole in two pieces.

Microscopic Findings:

Section shows lymph node.It reveals features of chronic non-specific lymphadenitis.No granuloma or malignancy is seen.

Impression:Lymph node: chronic non-specific lymphadenitis.

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Immunohistochemistry (19/09/21)

Impression: classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

Immunoreactive in RS cell: CD30,OCT-2,CD15

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Peripheral blood film (22/03/22)

  • RBC: Anisocytosis with anisochromia .
  • WBC : Reduced in number.
  • platelet : Reduced.
  • Comment : pancytopenia.

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Bone Marrow Report ( 27/03/22)

  • Site: posterior superior iliac crest
  • Consistency of bone: Normal
  • Aspiration : Easy
  • Cellularity: Hypercellular
  • Myeloid/Erythoid Ratio : Decreased
  • Erythropoesis : Hyperactve & dimorphic

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  • Granulopoesis : Active & maturing into segmented form.Some degree of maturation arrest at myelocyte level.
  • Megakaryocyte : Normal
  • Lymphocytes : Normal
  • Plasma cells : Normal
  • Ectopic cells/parasite : Not found
  • Comments: Dimorphic erythroid hyperplasia with some degree of maturation arrest at myelocyte level.

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Chest x ray P/A view (13/09/21)

  • Diaphragm: both hemidiaphragm are normal in position.both costophrenic & cardiophrenic angles are clear.
  • Heart : Normal
  • Lung: inhomogenous opacities noted at right lower zone.
  • Bony thorax : reveals no abnormalities
  • Comment : pulmonary infection (right)

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CT scan of whole abdomen (29/03/22)

  • Impression:
  • Splenomegaly ( spleen size is 12.8 cm*8.3cm)
  • Abdominal lymphadenopathy(Multiple enlarged & subcentrimetric lymphnodes are noted at perigastric region)
  • Mild pelvic collection

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CT scan of chest (29/03/22)

Normal CT scan of chest.

Next plan:

: Core biopsy from abdominal lymph node.

: Splenic puncture

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  • what would be the confirmatory diagnosis???
  • what would be our further plan to reach the diagnosis???

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Connective tissue disease(possibly SLE)

Points in favour

Points against

Clinical

Young female

No arthralgia

Weakness

Lymphadenopathy��

Alopecia

No skin rash/photophobia

Laboratory findings

Pulmonary infection

Negative Anti Ds Antibody

Pancytopenia�

No renal/cardiac involvement

ANA positive

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Disseminated TB

Points in favour

Points against

Clinical:

Fever

No night sweating

Weight loss

No cough

Palpable single cervical lymph node

No bone pain

Abdominal involvement

Laboratory findings

Pancytopenia

Mantaux test negative

Pulmonary infection

Chest x ray normal

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Lymphoma

Points in favour

Points against

Clinical

Palpable single cervical lymph�node

No evidence of night sweat

Fever

No pruritus

Splenomegaly

Alopecia

weakness

weight loss

Labratory findings

Pancytopenia

ANA positive

EBV positive

Normal serum LDH level

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Thank you