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Building a Bridge

Between Science and Writing

PSTA Conference

2018

Emily Kissner

elkissn@gmail.com

@ELKissner

emilykissner.blogspot.com

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About Me

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About You

Follow this link to complete a Google form about our participants:

Science and Writing Survey

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The importance of science writing

“Building a theory or a model that explains the natural world requires close attention to how to weave together evidence from multiple sources. With a focus on clearly communicating complex ideas and information by critically choosing, arranging, and analyzing information, Writing Standard 2 requires students to develop theories with the end goal of explanation in mind.”

-NGSS, Appendix M

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The importance of science writing

“Building a theory or a model that explains the natural world requires close attention to how to weave together evidence from multiple sources. With a focus on clearly communicating complex ideas and information by critically choosing, arranging, and analyzing information, Writing Standard 2 requires students to develop theories with the end goal of explanation in mind.”

-NGSS, Appendix M

Key ideas: Critically choosing, arranging, and analyzing information

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The challenges of science writing

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What makes great science writing?

  • Understanding of content
  • Use of scientific and technical vocabulary
  • Elaboration
  • Appropriate style for the task

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Knowledge Telling

  • A strategy of younger and less experienced writers
  • Ideas are transcribed in the order in which they come to mind
  • Writing is a “retrieval” process based on memory
  • A writer-based process in that what appears on the page comes from the writer’s thoughts and knowledge

Bereiter and Scardemalia, 1987

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Knowledge Transforming

  • Used by older and more experienced writers
  • Writers plan for their audience and writing occasion
  • Knowledge is “transformed” and reorganized based on the requirements of the writing task

Bereiter and Scardemalia, 1987

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Different writers, different needs

Knowledge Telling

Knowledge Transforming

  • Depend on transcription and retrieval skills
  • Easily face “cognitive overload” from transcription
  • Through writing, generate new ideas and new perspectives on topic
  • Need time and space to incorporate these ideas

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Building trust

Writers are more likely to move to a knowledge-transforming viewpoint if they have many opportunities for low-risk writing.

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Low risk science writing

Science notebook

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Low risk science writing

Classroom signs

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Low risk science writing

Observation

books

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Low risk science writing

Diagrams and drawings

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Low risk science writing

Sentence starters

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Formal writing

Synthesis paragraphs

Are the tadpoles wood frogs?

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Formal writing

Synthesis paragraphs

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Formal writing

Synthesis paragraphs

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Argumentative essays

I took a water cycle model activity and turned it into an opportunity for students to make a claim and support it with evidence.

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Argumentative essays

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Argumentative essays

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Argumentative essays

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Lab reports

Students conducted scientific tests of UV beads and sunscreen. Then, they wrote reports to share their conclusions.

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Lab reports

In Google Classroom, I made a template of the parts of a lab report to share with students.

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Lab reports

This was an approachable writing task for students, and led to lively conversations.

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Field study reports

As part of our study of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, we visited Mountain Creek and conducted stream studies.

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Field study reports

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Writing frames ensure access for all students

Field study reports

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A spelling reference sheet is also handy

Field study reports

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Field study reports

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Assessment

Use the writing teacher truism: Students should write more than you can grade.

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Assessment

Google Classroom makes commenting on student writing quick and easy.

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Assessment

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Assessment

In early drafts, try to keep comments focused on IDEAS and CONTENT rather than editing.

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Assessment

Using rubrics helps to keep everyone aware of what criteria you are looking for

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Assessment

Put criteria down the left column

Use an even number of score points so that you can sort “stronger than weak” vs “weaker than strong”

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Assessment

Choose what you feel comfortable assessing! You can always say that you will only be assessing for two areas...what’s important is to provide lots of opportunity for student writing.

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Questions and comments

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Evaluation link