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A Primer on Open Licenses

Disclaimer: I am not a lawyer

all slides are CC-BY 4.0

OLS, �Anna e só, Yo

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Motivation:

Allow others to use, remix and share your work.

Method:

Add an open license for use, remixing and sharing.

@openlifesci, CC-BY 4.0, The Turing Way, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4609987

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Common Misconceptions

Sharing something on the internet or GitHub does NOT automatically allow others to use it.

Sharing work with a license does NOT give away your copyright—you can still publish, sell, etc.

Using work shared with an open license without attribution CAN BE legal, but is still a violation of academic ethics.

open seeds

mentoring & training program

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Open Source Licenses - Definition, Types, and Comparison. (2024, September 10). Retrieved from https://solutionshub.epam.com/blog/post/open-source-licenses-definition-types-and-comparison

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Truly Open Licenses: common elements

use

Anyone can use the work for any purpose

modify

Anyone can modify the work

share

Anyone can redistribute both the original and modified work to anyone else with the same license

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Open Licenses for documentation �(non-code project outputs)

Creative Commons: Understanding Free Content. https://www.hallaminternet.com/understanding-creative-commons

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Open Licenses for code & software

Open Source Licenses - Definition, Types, and Comparison. (2024, September 10). Retrieved from https://solutionshub.epam.com/blog/post/open-source-licenses-definition-types-and-comparison

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Attribution

Most open licenses require crediting the authors of the work.

  • Non-copyleft: Permissive, non-reciprocal - CC BY, MIT, BSD
    • do not require derivative works to shared with the same license
  • Copyleft: Viral, reciprocal - CC BY-SA, GPLv3, MPL-2.0
    • require derivative works to shared with the same license
  • Exception: CC0 (public domain, no copyright holder)

@openlifesci, CC-BY 4.0, The Turing Way, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4609987

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Wrinkle #1: Copyleft & Derivative Works

Non-copyleft

(permissive, non-reciprocal)

Open licenses that do not require derivative works to shared with the same license.

Copyleft

(reciprocal, aka ‘viral’)

Open licenses that require all derivative works to be shared with the same license.

Examples:

CC BY

MIT, BSD, APL-2.0

Examples:

CC BY-SA

GPLv3, MPL-2.0

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Wrinkle #2: Patents != Copyright

  • Copyright rights include: copy, modify, redistribute
  • Patent rights include: use, make, sell

Open source software licenses may or may not contain a clause explicitly granting patent rights.

If you plan to patent your software, defend your patent, etc. talk to a lawyer!

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How to Apply License

data

code

creative works�(e.g. writing or images)

Place the full text of the license in a file named LICENSE in the root directory.

Apply licenses to all components, content: CC-BY, software: MIT, data: CC0

Describe in README which license applies to which parts of your work.

@openlifesci, CC-BY 4.0, The Turing Way, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4609987

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Software (choosealicense.com)

Content (creativecommons.org): CC0, CC BY, CC BY-SA

Data: CC0

non-copyleft

copyleft

No patent clause

BSD, MIT

Patent snapback

APL- 2.0

GPLv3, MPL-2.0

non-copyleft

copyleft

No attribution

CC0

Attribution

CC BY

CC BY-SA

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GitHub can add a license for you, Part 1

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GitHub can add a license for you, Part 2

when adding a new file named LICENSE...

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TL; DR

  • Two steps to make you work open: add README + LICENSE
    • README to communicate about your work
    • License to allow others to use, modify, build upon your work
  • Use a different license for code, data, & content, example
    • Writing/docs/images: CC-BY
    • Code: MIT License
    • Data: CC0

@openlifesci, CC-BY 4.0, The Turing Way, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4609987

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Further Reading

Choose a License

  • Software: Choose an Open Source License | choosealicense.com
  • Content: Choose a License | creativecommons.org

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Thank you!

The OLS program helps early stage researchers and potential academic leaders in becoming Open Science ambassadors.

What Open Science dreams will you achieve?