M.S.E., BARIPADA- 757107�DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

By

ER. SASMITA GOCHHAYAT

(H.O.D CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT)

AY:2021-2022

SEMESTER- 3^RD

SUBJECT- BMCT

CHAPTER- STONE

• Stone → One of the oldest building material.

​

• Rock : A large concreted mass of earthy or mineral matter or broken pieces of such a mass.

​

• Stone : Quarried or smaller pieces of rock for a specified function such as a building block

• Rocks are made up of minerals. Such as:

​

• Feldspars
• Quartz
• Micas
• Hornblende
• Kaolinite
• Calcite (CaCO₃)
• Dolomite (MgCO₃)

GEOLOGICAL CLASSES OF ROCKS

• Igneous: Formed by cooling and thus solidfying from a molten state. (Granite, Basalt)
• Sedimentary : Formed by a process of cementation of small particles that result from the disintegration of rocks. (Limestone, sandstone)
• Metamorphic Rocks : Formed by gradual changes in the structures of either igneous or sedimentary rocks caused by heat, water, pressure. (Marble, Slate)

COMMONLY USED BUILDING STONES

• Granite : Intrusive igneous rock
• Intrusive:crystallized slowly within the earth
• Granite is a strong, hard & non-porous rock
• It is a desirable foundation & building material.

​

• Basalt : Extrusive igneous rock
• Extrusive:rapidly crystallized on the surface of earth
• Basalt is hard & strong but it is porous & have fractures.

• Limestone : Sedimentary rock
• It is used as a concrete aggregate
• It is used in the production of cement & lime

​

• Marble : Metamorphosed limestone
• Harder than limestone
• Used for interior work or wall or column facing

​

• Slate : Metamorphosed clay
• Used for flooring, interior or exterior wall facing.

GRANITE

SLATE

MARBLE

BASALT

LIMESTONE

PRODUCTION STEPS

• Quarrying: Big chunks are cut at the side, loosened at the bottom by wedging & removed by cranes

​

• Shaping & Finishing: Taken to the factory & cut and finished to the desired shapes.

QUARRYING

PROPERTIES OF STONES

• Durability : mainly abrasion
• Strength
• Both strength & durability are affected by the texture & mineral composition, chemical charactersitics & physical characteristics.
• Porosity
• Water Absorption
• Coefficient of thermal expansion
• Fire resistance