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AP Classroom:

The African American Civil Rights Movement (1960s) Quiz MCQ

10:24

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• Progress Check Period 8 - MCQ 4/15
• Progress Check Period 8 - FRQa & self-grade 4/16
• Progress Check Period 8 - FRQb & self-grade 4/17
• Reading Quiz - Chapter 23-25 4/28
• Period 8 & 9 Review Sheet - 4/28
• Reading Quiz - Chapter 26-28 4/29
• Progress Check Period 9 - MCQ 4/30
• Progress Check Period 9 - FRQa & self-grade 5/1
• Progress Check Period 9 - FRQb & self-grade 5/2

HW:

8.11, 8.14, 8.15

Lesson Objectives:

Explain the causes and effects of continuing policy debates about the role of the federal government over time. (Great Society)

Explain the effects of the growth of religious movements over the course of the 20th century.

Explain the extent to which the events of the period from 1945 to 1980 reshaped national identity.

The Chicano Movement

Key Figures

United Farm Workers

Prominent leaders like Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta championed the rights of farmworkers and advocated for social and economic equality.

The United Farm Workers union played a pivotal role in improving working conditions and wages for agricultural laborers, symbolizing the strength of the Chicano Movement.

The Brown Beret and Its Impact

• The Brown Berets were founded in 1967 in Los Angeles, inspired by the Black Panthers and other civil rights movements. They aimed to combat police brutality, promote education, and advocate for social justice.
• : They organized protests, community programs, and educational initiatives. One of their notable actions was the East L.A. Walkouts in 1968, where students protested against the poor quality of education in their schools.

American Indian Movement (AIM)

Key Figures

Occupations

Importance

Dennis Banks and Clyde Warrior were prominent leaders in the American Indian Movement (AIM), advocating for social and economic equality for Native Americans. AIM started in Minneapolis, focusing on urban Native American issues, but quickly expanded to address broader concerns across the country.

They organized protests, like the Trail of Broken Treaties in 1972, where they marched to Washington, D.C., to demand recognition of treaty rights. They also took over Wounded Knee in 1973 to highlight injustices.

The movement brought national attention to Native American issues and led to some policy changes, including the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act in 1975.

Asian American Movements

Key Figures

San Francisco State Strike of 1968

Yuji Ichioka and Yuri Kochiyama were prominent figures in the Asian American movements, advocating for social and economic equality.

The San Francisco State Strike of 1968 was a pivotal event where Asian American students fought for ethnic studies programs and equal representation on campus.

Dalip Singh Saund's Political Contributions

Highlighting Saund's role as the first Asian American elected to the U.S. Congress and his advocacy for civil rights legislation.

2nd Wave of Feminism:

Feminist Movements of the 1960s and 1970s

Key Figures

National Organization of Women (NOW)

Counterculture Influence

Influential figures like Betty Friedan, whose book The Feminine Mystique (1963) challenged traditional gender roles, and Gloria Steinem, a journalist and activist, became prominent voices in the movement.

roups like the National Organization for Women (NOW) were formed, and protests, like the Women’s Strike for Equality in 1970, brought attention to women's rights.

Activists fought for reproductive rights (like access to birth control and abortion), equal pay, and an end to workplace discrimination. The Equal Pay Act of 1963 and the Title IX education amendment in 1972 were significant achievements.

LGBTQ+ Movements

Key Figures

Stonewall Uprising

Impact

Notable individuals in the LGBTQ+ movements include Marsha P. Johnson, a transgender rights activist, and Sylvia Rivera, a prominent advocate for transgender and gay rights.

The Stonewall Uprising in 1969 was a pivotal event in LGBTQ+ history, marked by protests against police raids at the Stonewall Inn in New York City, leading to the modern LGBTQ+ rights movement.

The LGBTQ+ movements of the 1960s and 1970s paved the way for greater visibility, acceptance, and legal protections for LGBTQ+ individuals, challenging societal norms and advocating for equal rights.

Intersectionality in Movements

LGBTQ+ activists aligned with feminist groups to push for legal, economic, and social equality, demonstrating a unified front for civil rights.

Racial movements integrated feminist ideals, emphasizing the importance of equality for all marginalized groups.

Feminist movements like NOW supported LGBTQ+ rights, showing solidarity across movements.

Legal Milestones in Civil Rights

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Affirmative Action Policies

Prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, and desegregated public facilities.

Outlawed discriminatory voting practices that disenfranchised African Americans and facilitated voter registration.

Introduced to address historical discrimination by requiring federal contractors to take affirmative action to ensure equal opportunity in employment.

Conclusion: The Legacy of Civil Rights Movements

Key Legacy Points

• The civil rights movements of 1960-1980 paved the way for increased awareness and advocacy for social, economic, and legal equality for marginalized groups.
• The ongoing fight for civil rights and equality continues to be influenced by the activism and achievements of the diverse groups who participated in the movements.
• The legacy of these movements reminds us of the importance of unity, resilience, and perseverance in striving for a more just and inclusive society.

Federalist

Democratic Republican

National Republican

Whig

Democrat

Republican

Republican

Populists

American Independent Party

The party was created by a group of conservatives who were unhappy with the direction of the Democratic Party, particularly during the civil rights movement and the Vietnam,

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The AIP gained national attention when Alabama Governor George Wallace ran for president in 1968 as their candidate. He was known for his staunch segregationist views.

Introduction to American Politics in the 20th Century

Public confidence in government declined in the 1970s due to economic challenges, political scandals, and foreign policy crises.

The 20th century witnessed clashes between conservatives and liberals over social and cultural issues, federal government power, and movements for individual rights.

In the 1960s, conservatives challenged liberal laws and court decisions, seeking to limit the role of the federal government.

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Conservative Challenges in the 1960s

American Conservation Union

William F. Buckley

Barry Goldwater

Richard Nixon - Silent Majority

Prominent conservative organization challenging liberal laws and advocating for limited federal government involvement.

Noted conservative commentator and founder of the National Review, shaping conservative ideology in the 1960s.

Senator known for his conservative views and presidential campaign focusing on limited government intervention.

Nixon's appeal to the 'silent majority' reflected a desire to address cultural decline and limit federal government involvement.

The Iranian Hostage Crisis Explained

Background of the Crisis

Impact on American Foreign Policy

Public Reaction and Perception

On November 4, 1979, Iranian students stormed the U.S. Embassy in Tehran and took 52 American diplomats and citizens hostage. They were protesting U.S. support for the ousted Shah of Iran, who was in the U.S. for medical treatment. They were held for 444 days.

The crisis strained diplomatic relations between the U.S. and Iran, leading to economic sanctions and a failed rescue attempt known as Operation Eagle Claw.

The prolonged captivity of the hostages captivated the American public, influencing public opinion and political discourse during the Carter administration. (Reagan will beat Carter)

Public Distrust in the 1970s

The Iranian Hostage Crisis strained relations between the US and Iran, leading to a prolonged hostage situation.

Stagflation, a combination of high inflation and stagnant economic growth, added to the economic challenges of the era.

Public confidence in the government declined in the 1970s due to economic challenges, political scandals, and foreign policy crises.

The Watergate scandal, involving President Nixon's administration, eroded public trust in the government's integrity and transparency.

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Clashes Between Conservatives and Liberals in the 1970s

Anita Bryant

Key figure in the anti-gay rights movement, known for her conservative views on social issues.

Clashes Between Conservatives and Liberals in the 1970s

Anita Bryant

Equal Rights Amendment

Phyllis Schlafly

Key figure in the anti-gay rights movement, known for her conservative views on social issues.

Debate over the amendment's implications for gender equality sparked conflicts between conservatives and liberals in the 1970s.

Notable figure who led the Stop ERA movement, opposing the Equal Rights Amendment and advocating for traditional gender roles.

Phyllis Schlafly

Notable figure who led the Stop ERA movement, opposing the Equal Rights Amendment and advocating for traditional gender roles.

The Growth of Evangelical Christian Churches

Key Figures and Organizations

• James Dobson was a prominent evangelical Christian author and psychologist known for his conservative views on family values and parenting.
• Billy Graham, a renowned evangelist, played a pivotal role in spreading the Christian faith through his crusades and media presence.
• The 700 Club, a television program hosted by Pat Robertson, became a platform for evangelical Christian views and discussions.

Political and Social Activism by Religious Conservatives

Religious conservatives, including figures like Paul Weyrich, became increasingly politically active, advocating for conservative values in government and society. - New Right

Paul Weyrich, a prominent conservative activist, co-founded the Moral Majority, a political action committee that championed conservative Christian values and mobilized religious voters.

These activists sought to influence policy decisions on issues such as abortion, LGBTQ rights, and religious freedom, aligning with their beliefs and values.

The Influence of Richard Nixon

• Richard Nixon played a significant role in the 1960s challenging liberal laws and court decisions.
• Nixon coined the term 'silent majority' to refer to Americans who supported his policies but did not express their views publicly.
• His presidency marked a shift towards more assertive foreign policies and a push to limit the role of the federal government.
• Nixon's administration faced controversies like the Watergate scandal, impacting public trust in government.

The Formation of Young Americans for Freedom

Key figures involved in the organization included William F. Buckley and Barry Goldwater.

Young Americans for Freedom was founded in the 1960s as a conservative youth organization.

The group advocated for limited government intervention and individual freedoms.

Watergate: A Blow to Public Trust

Key Points

• Watergate scandal exposed political corruption at the highest levels.
• President Nixon's involvement in the cover-up led to his resignation in 1974.
• The scandal eroded public confidence in the government's integrity and transparency.

The Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC)

• Established as a platform for conservative voices to gather and discuss policy initiatives.
• Influences and shapes conservative agendas through keynote speeches, panels, and networking opportunities.

Barbara Jordan:

A Voice for Civil Rights

• She served as the first African American woman to be elected to the Texas Senate and the first Southern African American woman elected to the United States House of Representatives.
• Jordan was known for her powerful speeches advocating for civil rights, equality, and social justice, leaving a lasting impact on American politics and society.

Review - Period 8: 1945–1980

• Introduction: The Postwar Era
• The Cold War Begins
• Economic Boom and Social Change
• The Rise of Civil Rights Movements
• Cold War Escalation and Domestic Debates
• The Vietnam War and Its Impact
• Expanding the Role of Government
• Cultural and Social Developments
• Conservatism on the Rise
• Debates Over Civil Liberties

• The Space Race
• Civil Rights Legal and Political Successes
• Identity and Social Justice Movements
• Demographic Shifts and Cultural Anxiety
• Liberalism Under Attack
• The Environmental Movement
• The Sexual Revolution
• The American Family in Transition
• Conclusion: Reflecting on Change

The Cold War Begins

Ideological Battle

Formation of NATO

The Truman Doctrine

The US and Soviet Union engaged in a global ideological struggle, with contrasting political and economic systems.

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was established in 1949 as a defensive alliance against Soviet aggression, solidifying US commitment to European security.

President Truman's policy aimed to contain the spread of communism by providing economic and military aid to countries threatened by Soviet influence, shaping US foreign policy.

The Rise of Civil Rights Movements

Key Figures like Martin Luther King Jr.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

March on Washington

Legislative Milestones

Initiated by Rosa Parks in 1955, this pivotal event protested segregation on public transportation and led to the Supreme Court ruling against bus segregation.

Held in 1963, this peaceful demonstration for civil rights featured Martin Luther King Jr.'s iconic 'I Have a Dream' speech, advocating for racial equality.

A prominent civil rights leader, Martin Luther King Jr. advocated for nonviolent resistance and played a key role in advancing the civil rights movement.

Landmark legislation such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 aimed to end racial discrimination and secure voting rights for all citizens.

Cold War Escalation and Domestic Debates

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Debates ensued regarding the balance between national security interests and the protection of civil liberties.

Americans questioned the methods used to advance US interests globally while safeguarding individual freedoms.

The Cold War between the US and the Soviet Union prompted discussions on the extent of federal government power.

The Vietnam War and Its Impact

• The Vietnam War had a profound impact on American society, sparking intense debates over U.S. involvement in the conflict.
• Anti-war protests grew in scale and intensity, with movements like the New Left and Students for a Democratic Society leading demonstrations against the war.
• Public opinion on the Vietnam War shifted over time, with increasing opposition as the conflict dragged on and casualties mounted.

Expanding the Role of Government

Economic and Environmental Focus

Government's Role Expansion

Social Justice Impact

New movements and liberalism advocated for an increased government role in addressing social justice issues, environmental concerns, and economic inequalities.

Government intervention aimed to address civil rights issues, promote equality, and combat discrimination in society, sparking debates and reforms.

Government policies targeted economic growth, environmental conservation, and sustainability, reflecting changing societal priorities and values.

Cultural and Social Developments

Family dynamics underwent significant changes during this period, with shifts in roles and structures.

The sexual revolution of the 1960s and 1970s brought about changes in attitudes towards sexuality and gender roles.

The counterculture movement of the 1960s challenged traditional social norms and values.

These cultural and social developments reflected broader shifts in American society influenced by the era's social movements and changing values.

Conservatism on the Rise

Critiques of Liberalism

The Rise of the Religious Right

• Conservatives criticized liberalism for perceived government overreach and social welfare programs, advocating for limited government intervention and free-market principles.
• They emphasized individual responsibility and opposed excessive regulation.
• Conservatives believed in the importance of personal freedom and free enterprise as pillars of American society.

• The religious right became a significant force in conservative politics, emphasizing traditional values, social issues, and the importance of faith in public life.
• Their influence extended to issues like abortion, LGBTQ rights, and school prayer, shaping the conservative agenda.
• The religious right mobilized voters around moral and social issues, impacting elections and policy decisions.

Debates Over Civil Liberties

Pros

Cons

• Protection of national security during the Cold War.
• Efforts to combat Communist influence and espionage.
• Increased surveillance capabilities to monitor potential threats.

• Erosion of individual privacy and civil liberties.
• Abuse of power through programs like McCarthyism.
• Potential infringement on freedom of speech and assembly.

The Space Race

• The Space Race was a competition between the US and the Soviet Union to achieve significant milestones in space exploration.
• The launch of Sputnik by the Soviet Union in 1957 marked the beginning of the Space Race and heightened tensions during the Cold War.
• NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) was established in 1958 as a response to the Soviet advancements in space technology.
• The Apollo moon landing in 1969 was a pivotal moment, with Neil Armstrong becoming the first person to walk on the moon.

Civil Rights Legal and Political Successes

Landmark Supreme Court Cases

Civil Rights Legislation

Brown v. Board of Education (1954) and Loving v. Virginia (1967) that challenged segregation and interracial marriage bans, respectively.

Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which aimed to end racial discrimination in public facilities and protect voting rights for minorities.

Identity and Social Justice Movements

Environmental Activism focused on raising awareness about environmental issues and advocating for conservation efforts.

Gay Rights Movement sought equal rights and societal acceptance for the LGBTQ+ community.

Women's Liberation Movement aimed at achieving gender equality in society and workplace.

Key figures like Betty Friedan, Harvey Milk, and Rachel Carson played significant roles in these movements.

They contributed to shaping the cultural and political landscape of the postwar era.

These movements emerged in response to social conditions and the need for greater equality and justice.

Liberalism Under Attack

Debates over liberalism's role in shaping public policy intensified during this period, reflecting broader ideological shifts.

Liberalism faced criticism from the left for not going far enough in addressing social inequalities.

The conservative resurgence challenged liberal policies on issues like government intervention and individual freedoms.

Criticism of liberalism influenced court decisions, impacting interpretations of civil rights and government power.

The Environmental Movement

Earth Day Movement

Legislation and Regulation

Rise of Environmental Consciousness

Originating in 1970, Earth Day marked a turning point in environmental activism, raising awareness on pollution and conservation efforts.

Key environmental legislation such as the Clean Air Act and the establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) shaped environmental policy during this period.

The 1960s and 1970s saw a growing public awareness of environmental issues, leading to grassroots movements and increased concerns about pollution and conservation.

The Sexual Revolution

Key Aspects of the Sexual Revolution

• The sexual revolution of the 1960s challenged traditional norms regarding sexuality and gender roles.
• Key figures such as Margaret Sanger and Alfred Kinsey played significant roles in advocating for sexual liberation and education.
• The impact of the sexual revolution included changes in attitudes towards sex, contraception, and LGBTQ rights.

The American Family in Transition

Changing Family Structure

Evolution of Gender Roles

Impact on Children and Education

Shifts in family dynamics, including increased divorce rates and single-parent households. Influence of societal norms and economic factors on family composition.

Transformation of traditional gender roles within families. Women's liberation movement impact on perceptions of gender equality and division of labor.

Effects of changing family dynamics on children's upbringing and education. Shifts in parenting styles and societal attitudes towards child-rearing.

Conclusion: Reflecting on Change

Historical Significance

Enduring Impact

• The period from 1945 to 1980 marked a pivotal time in American history, shaping the nation's identity and role on the global stage.
• Key events such as the Civil Rights Movement and the Cold War continue to impact contemporary social and political discourse.
• The era's economic and demographic changes laid the foundation for modern American society, influencing policies and cultural norms.

• This transformative era fostered a greater awareness and advocacy for civil rights and liberties that resonate to this day.
• The Cold War's legacy in foreign policy and national security remains a significant aspect of U.S. government strategy.
• Economic policies and social welfare initiatives from this period continue to shape debates on government's role in society.