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PERAWATAN LUKA PADA

PASIEN KANKER

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RIA ANDJARWATI SKp. ETN

haiiiii

It’s Me

I am work in Dharmais Cancer Hospital not only as a Head Nurse but also....

As a specialist nurse for Wound, Stoma and Continence since 2008

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No. Hp 08111361669

Email : riaandjarwati.ffg@gmail.com

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MFW payudara sebagai yang paling umum (66%), diikuti oleh kepala dan leher (24%), kemudian selangkangan, alat kelamin dan punggung (3%) dengan semua situs lain terhitung 8% sisanya

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(Tilley et.al. 2020)

EPIDEMIOLOGI LUKA KANKER ATAU MALIGNAN FUNGATING WOUND (MFW)

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LUKA MALIGNAN / KANKER

MFW adalah luka yang tidak dapat disembuhkan karena proliferasi agresif dan infiltrasi tumor ganas ke dalam kulit, darah dan pembuluh getah bening, menyebabkan kerusakan jaringan yang luas, hipoksia, nekrosis, serta proliferasi polimikroba berkelanjutan dan ulserasi fungating pada luka.

( Grocott, 2000)

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MFW umumnya terjadi selama 6-12 bulan terakhir kehidupan di antara pasien dengan kanker stadium lanjut

Malignant fungating wounds (MFWs) are a result of cancerous cells infiltrating epithelium tissue and proliferating (Lund-Nielsen et al., 2011; Fromantin et al., 2013, 2014). These chronic wounds are accompanied by a combination of the following symptoms: increased microbial growth, odor, pain, exudate, impaired mobility, hemorrhage, and necrosis (Grocott, 2000; Lund-Nielsen et al., 2011; Fromantin et al., 2014).

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malignant fungating wound

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malignant cutaneous wound

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tumor necrosis.

ulcerating cancerous wound

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WOUND CANCER

Primary

Distant Metastasis

Metastatasis of the skin

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Luka pada pasien Kanker

  • Dapat disebabkan juga oleh modalitas atau pengobatan kanker yaitu
  • Pembedahan (Dehischen Wound, Fistula)
  • Kemoterapi (Ekstravasasi, Hand Food Sindrome)
  • Radiasi (Acute Radiation Dermatities)
  • Imunoterapi (Efek samping Targeted Terapi)

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CANCER TREATMENT MODALITIES

CHEMOTHERAPY, SURGERY, RADIATHERAPY,HORMONAL IMMUNOTHERAPY

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Surgery

Before surgery

After surgery

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Chemotherapy

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Radiotherapy

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Hormonal therapy

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Three themes emerged that described how clinicians of varying disciplines and specialties understood their roles and navigated the transition from curative to palliative care for patients with malignant fungating wounds:

  1. Making the best of fragmented care
  2. Collaboration between oncology and wound care
  3. Transitioning from curative to palliative care.

Suatu Penelitian Qualitatif tentang multidisciplinary care for patients with malignant fungating wounds

(Qiu & Good, 2020)

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NOT HEAL

QUALITY OF LIFE

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Patient

FAMILY

oncology proffessional (medical, surgical and radiation ),

WOC NURSE

DIETITIAN

CAREGIVER

ONCOLOGY PROFESIONAL

PSYCHIATRIST

PSYCHOLOGIST

PALIATIVE TEAM

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The GOAL of managing malignant Fungating Wound is PALLIATION and NOT HEAL.

Controlling the most common symptoms associated with malignant wounds are Haemorrhage/Bleeding, odour, Pain, Pruritus, Exudate, Superficial infection (HOPES), maceration and excoriation of periwound skin, poor aesthetics and cosmetic effect of dressing

Increase patient comfort

Increase confident

Increase Quality of Life

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Wound management and treatment for MFW

Malignat fungating wound /assessment of the following aspects

Psychological aspects/pastient centered concerns

Haemorrhage/bleeding

odour

Psychological aspects/caregivers concerns

Pain/pruritus

Treatment ( symptom management supportive care prenventative measure

Local wound management

Superficial infection

exudate

H O P E S

Woo, 2017

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(European Oncology Nursing Society (EONS), 2015)

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Wound Cancer Assesment

  • Wound location
  • Wound measurement : Length x width x depth (height)
  • Wound bed

Red, Yellow, Black, pink

  • Wound characteristic

Haemorrhage, Odour, Pain, Pruritus, Exudate, Superficial Infection

  • Periwound skin : maceration and irritation
  • Vital sign & PAIN (VAS/NRS)

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MOIST CONCEPT

WET : ABSORB

DRY : HYDRATED!

MOIST ; MAINTENANCE !

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Wound Cancer Characteristic

PAIN & Pruritus

Haemorrhage

ODOUR

Exudate

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Haemorrhage / Bleeding

  • Penurunan fungsi platelet dan peningkatan tekanan pada jaringan dari infiltrasi tumor dapat menyebabkan luka mudah berdarah

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  • Perdarahan juga dapat terjadi karena dressing yang kering dan menempel pada luka.

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  • Perdarahan spontan dapat terjadi jika tumor terkikis ke dalam pembuluh darah.

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HAEMORRHAGE / BLEEDING

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  • Pencegahan adalah yang paling penting untuk mengontrol perdarahan
  • Menggunakan agen hemostatik untuk perdarahan kapiler lambat (sodium calsium alginate)
  • Jangan gunakan air panas; vasodilatasi
  • Ganti balutan dengan hati-hati
  • Jangan menggosok bagian luka merah
  • Beri tekanan di lokasi perdarahan 5 menit
  • Kolaborasi: Radioterapi dan ligasi

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PENANGANAN RISIKO PERDARAHAN

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ODOUR

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ODOUR

Luka bau busuk dapat berdampak sangat negatif pada kualitas hidup individu dan pengasuhnya yang menyebabkan perasaan bersalah, jijik, dan menyebabkan isolasi sosial dan depresi.

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  • Bau tersebut diduga disebabkan oleh beberapa kombinasi bakteri anaerob berikut yang didukung oleh pemecahan protein dalam jaringan nekrotik, bakteri aerob, infeksi klinis, jaringan nekrotik, dan atau eksudat yang menggenang yang terkandung di dalam balutan

(Cochran & Jakubek, 2010 )

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PENANGANAN ODOUR

  • Pemeriksaan eksudat: serosa, purulen, hemopurulen

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  • Kebersihan pribadi

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  • Pembersihan luka melalui irigasi dengan normal saline 0,9% atau air biasa

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  • Menggunakan klorheksidin 2%
  • Bubuk / cairan metronidazol��Silver & Charcoal dressing��Balutan antimikroba ��Mengganti pembalut tergantung pada jumlah eksudat �

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PAIN Management

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PAIN Management

Pain in wound cancer caused through :

  • the pressure of the tumour on the other body structures
  • damage to the nerve caused by the growing tumour
  • swelling resulting from impaired cappilary and lymphatic drainage
  • Infections
  • exposure of dermal nerve endings
  • Mismanaged changes of wound dressing
  • Pain assesment
  • Administer an analgesic prior to the dressing changes
  • Using non adherent dressing and moist wound dressing facilitates a pain free dressing changes
  • Irrigation of the wound with warm saline
  • Comfort and quite environtmen
  • Patient position when changing dressing

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Pruritis

Itching sensation caused by tumor activity especially in cancerous wounds and skin .Usually not responsive to antihistamine (Grocott,2001)

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Pruritis

Pruritis or itching is attributed to stretching of the skin which irritates the nerve endings.

Pruritus does not respond to drugs such as antihistamines.

  • Promote skin hydration :
  • Increase fluid intake
  • Moisturize skin
  • Avoid to scratch
  • Personal hygiene

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EKSUDAT

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Exudate

  • Meningkatkan permeabilitas dan vasodilatasi kapiler memungkinkan cairan melewati dinding pembuluh darah.

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Produksi eksudat pada luka jamur malignan berhubungan dengan:

  • katabolisme jaringan yang dipicu oleh protease bakteri
  • Proses inflamasi yang berhubungan dengan infeksi
  • Permeabilitas pembuluh darah yang tinggi di dalam tumor

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PENANGANAN EKSUDAT

  • Untuk Mencegah trauma dari perekat dan eksudat hidrokoloid tipis dapat diaplikasikan di sekitar luka
  • Frekuensi dan jenis balutan luka harus disesuaikan jika drainase meningkat
  • Lindungi kulit dengan pelindung cairan atau pasta atau balutan salep yang sesuai

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  • Penilaian eksudat: jumlah, warna, bau dan konsistensi
  • Penilaian kulit di sekitar luka; maserasi dan iritasi
  • Menggunakan balutan penyerap; alginat, hidrofiber. Foam tidak disarankan
  • Underpad non steril atau popok bayi bisa efektif

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Exudate

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Superficial Infection

Infection sign :

Fever, edema

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Leucocytosis

Smell

Purulent exudate

  • Wound cleansing adequate
  • Debridement
  • Consider use of silver sulfadiazine to control pseudomonas infection
  • Collaboration for antibiotic systemic

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SUPERFICIAL INFECTION

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AESTHETICA�

  • Berhubungan dengan letak atau letak luka sampai dengan penampakan pasien.

Tingkatkan estetika:

  • Untuk meningkatkan estetika, balutan harus memberikan kesimetrisan penampilan dengan meminimalkan bentuk besar
  • Menyamarkan area luka

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AESTHETICA

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MFWs cause great distress in patients who already face severe health concerns from advanced cancer.

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The odor, low mobility, exudate, and other progressive symptoms often associated with MFWs make the lives of cancer patients increasingly difficult and can be major sources of emotional distress and poor quality of life (Merz et al., 2011; Fromantin et al., 2013).

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DUKUNGAN PSIKOLOGIS

  • SELALU ADA UNTUK PASIEN
  • POSITIF DAN MENYEMANGATI PASIEN DAN KELUARGA
  • MEMBERIKAN OPTIMISME KEPADA PASIEN DAN KELUARGA SESUAI DENGAN REALITA KONDISI PASIEN
  • MENCARI SUMBER PENDUKUNG BAGI PASIEN

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CONCLUSION

Wound cancer healing process is a complex that includes cancer treatment, system support and wound care management

Goal of management wound cancer are controlling and manage the symptom , so that patient can increased quality of life

Moist concept in management wound cancer are non adherent dressing, prevention haemorhage, controlling odor, exudate , pain, pruritus and exudate

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