V N South Gujarat University: A Presentation in PhD Course Work���Citation index, Journal Impact Factors , H – Index and Impact Factor
Prof. Satya P. Singh
UGC BSR Faculty
(Formerly Professor & Head)�UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences
Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
Email: satyapsingh@yahoo.com satyapsingh125@gmail.com spsingh@sauuni.ac.in
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/satya-singh-2285a5144/
ResearchGate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Satya_Singh5
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=jiAzOcgAAAAJ
UGC: https://vidwan.inflibnet.ac.in//profile/68903/Njg5MDM%3D
ORCID Id https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7531-2872
�
Ethics in Research and Publications
Formats and Objectivity of the Research
Or In a living system-
Ethics in Research and Publications
Ethics in Research and Publications
Ethics.elsevier.com
Ethics-in-research-and-publication-brochure.pdf
�RESEARCH, PUBLICATIONS AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT�
Citation index
Major citation indexing services
Citation analysis
Cont.
Noble prize winners
Published 5 times the average numbers of papers
Citation 30-50 times
Journal Impact Factor
Thomson Reuters Corporation
A Canada-based multinationalCanada-based multinational media conglomerate
The company was founded in Toronto, Ontario, Canada,
Thomson Reuters was created by the Thomson Corporation’s
purchase of the British company Reuters Group in April 2008 and is
majority owned by The Woodbridge Company, a holding company for the Thomson family.[9]
B = the total number of "citable items" published by that journal in 2006 and 2007.
2008 impact factor = A/B
Use & Validity of Impact factor
�Editorial policies which alter the impact factor�
Incorrect application of IF
Impact Factor Distortions�
To assess an individual scientist's contributions, or in hiring, promotion, or funding decisions."
The misuse of the journal impact factor:
Bias journals against publishing important papers in fields (such as social sciences and ecology) that are much less cited than others (such as biomedicine).
It takes years to create a new approach in a new experimental context, during which no publications should be expected.
Such metrics further block innovation because they encourage scientists to work in areas of science that are already highly populated, as it is only in these fields that large numbers of scientists can be expected to reference one's work, no matter how outstanding
Highly cited researcher banned from journal board for citation abuse
Biophysicist Kuo-Chen Chou: repeatedly suggested dozens of citations be added to papers.
Richard Van Noorden
A US-based biophysicist who is one of the world’s most highly cited researchers has been removed from the editorial board of one journal and barred as a reviewer for another, after repeatedly manipulating the peer-review process to a mass citations to his own work.
On 29 January, three editors at the Journal of Theoretical Biology (JTB) announced in an editorial that the journal had investigated and barred an unnamed editor from the board for “scientific misconduct of the highest order”.
Quantifying Long-Term Scientific Impact
Dashun Wang1,2,*, Chaoming Song1,3,*, Albert-László Barabási1,4,5,6,†
Science 4 October 2013: Vol. 342 no. 6154 pp. 127-132
The lack of predictability of citation-based measures frequently used to gauge impact, from impact factors to short-term citations:
Is there long-term predictability in citation patterns?
A mechanistic model for the citation dynamics of individual papers that allows us to collapse the citation histories of papers from different journals and disciplines into a single curve,
Indicating that all papers tend to follow the same universal temporal pattern.
The observed patterns not only help us uncover basic mechanisms that govern scientific impact but also offer reliable measures of influence that may have potential policy implications.
Quantifying Long-Term Scientific Impact
Dashun Wang1,2,*, Chaoming Song1,3,*, Albert-László Barabási1,4,5,6,†
Science 4 October 2013: Vol. 342 no. 6154 pp. 127-132
The lack of predictability of citation-based measures frequently used to gauge impact, from impact factors to short-term citations:
Is there long-term predictability in citation patterns?
A mechanistic model for the citation dynamics of individual papers that allows us to collapse the citation histories of papers from different journals and disciplines into a single curve,
Indicating that all papers tend to follow the same universal temporal pattern.
The observed patterns not only help us uncover basic mechanisms that govern scientific impact but also offer reliable measures of influence that may have potential policy implications.
Quantifying Long-Term Scientific Impact
Dashun Wang1,2,*, Chaoming Song1,3,*, Albert-László Barabási1,4,5,6,†
Science 4 October 2013: Vol. 342 no. 6154 pp. 127-132
The lack of predictability of citation-based measures frequently used to gauge impact, from impact factors to short-term citations:
Is there long-term predictability in citation patterns?
A mechanistic model for the citation dynamics of individual papers that allows us to collapse the citation histories of papers from different journals and disciplines into a single curve,
Indicating that all papers tend to follow the same universal temporal pattern.
The observed patterns not only help us uncover basic mechanisms that govern scientific impact but also offer reliable measures of influence that may have potential policy implications.
Science 25 October 2013: �Vol. 342 no. 6157 pp. 468-472 �DOI: 10.1126/science.1240474
Atypical Combinations and Scientific Impact
+Author Affiliations
Novelty is an essential feature of creative ideas, yet the building blocks of new ideas are often embodied in existing
knowledge. From this perspective, balancing atypical knowledge with conventional knowledge may be critical to the
link between innovativeness and impact.
Our analysis of 17.9 million papers spanning all scientific fields suggests that science follows a nearly universal pattern:
The highest-impact science is primarily
grounded in exceptionally conventional combinations of prior work yet simultaneously features an intrusion
of unusual combinations. Papers of this
type were twice as likely to be highly cited works. Novel combinations of prior work are rare, yet teams are 37.7%
more likely than solo authors
to insert novel combinations into familiar knowledge domains.
No more first authors, no more last authors
WORLD VIEW
25 September 2018, Nature 561, 435 (2018) doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-06779-2
Gretchen L. Kiser
If we really want transdisciplinary research, we must ditch the ordered listing of authors that stalls collaborative science, says Gretchen L. Kiser.
Every academic scientist has heard a tale of someone being shafted on an authorship list, or had it happen to them. Less appreciated is how much the attribution of credit impedes cross-disciplinary approaches to difficult questions. It creates a negative feedback loop that hinders research. Most scientists agree that research questions and approaches have become more complex, so the need to engage in expanded team science has increased. I’ve found, however, that there is great reluctance among faculty members to join such efforts. I find myself asking, ‘What if we completely blow up the way in which we attribute authorship?’ I suspect that if we got rid of first authors, last authors and the fight for asterisks, we might interrupt the negative feedback loop and see more innovation.
Since 2012, I’ve led the Research Development Office at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). One of our goals is to bring together researchers of varying backgrounds to encourage innovative thinking and new approaches. My team identifies and cajoles ‘champions’ to invite colleagues to participate in team-building events. We offer financial and logistical support; we bring in interesting speakers; we provide drinks and food (and not just pizza!) — all to get scientists to talk to each other about their research, needs and ambitions. But the resource that really matters is not mine to dispense: credit for scientific contributions.
There are real successes: one of our ‘speed-networking’ events at UCSF introduced neurologist Dena Dubal, who investigates the molecular mechanisms of longevity and neurodegenerative disease, to psychologist Aric Prather, who researches the effects of stress on health. That led to a project that revealed an association between chronic psychological stress and lower levels of a longevity hormone. They published that work and continue to collaborate (A. A. Prather et al. Transl. Psychiatr. 5, e585; 2015).
Other teams we’ve helped have received follow-on support from external funders such as the US National Institutes of Health. Surveys tell me that faculty members enjoy our team-building events, even when they did not expect to, and that they would recommend them to others. Nevertheless, there seems to be an undeclared disincentive for researchers to build unconventional collaborations. I get frustrated with the disconnect between what we say about the need for transdisciplinary teams to solve complex problems and the reluctance to try something new to build those teams. The assessment of publications during promotion and tenure decisions is a big part of the problem. Although these processes often have some mechanism to recognize a researcher’s team contributions, the culture remains largely unchanged from 50 years ago. The gravitas associated with ‘first’ and ‘senior’ authorship is entrenched. What about the middle author who might have significantly altered the approach? Or the fourth-place author who linked different disciplines? Often these researchers are left to find only self-satisfaction. Many journals now allow, and even require, statementsOther teams we’ve helped have received follow-on support from external funders such as the US National Institutes of Health. Surveys tell me that faculty members enjoy our team-building events, even when they did not expect to, and that they would recommend them to others. Nevertheless, there seems to be an undeclared disincentive for researchers to build unconventional collaborations. I get frustrated with the disconnect between what we say about the need for transdisciplinary teams to solve complex problems and the reluctance to try something new to build those teams. The assessment of publications during promotion and tenure decisions is a big part of the problem. Although these processes often have some mechanism to recognize a researcher’s team contributions, the culture remains largely unchanged from 50 years ago. The gravitas associated with ‘first’ and ‘senior’ authorship is entrenched. What about the middle author who might have significantly altered the approach? Or the fourth-place author who linked different disciplines? Often these researchers are left to find only self-satisfaction. Many journals now allow, and even require, statements that explain contributors’ roles in their publications. Taxonomies and standardized vocabularies for describing authors’ roles have been developed. Similarly, promotion and tenure committees are using contribution narratives in their assessments. These changes are helping. They capture a fuller spectrum of a researcher’s productivity so that evaluators can consider more than where someone sits in an author list. Still, I’ve had senior faculty members tell me that, even though they look at the contribution narratives, they still expect to see first-author and then senior-author papers when assessing candidates.
Meanwhile, research projects are starting to incorporate data that no one on the immediate team collected, and there are no settled conventions for crediting outside researchers or incentivizing that valuable work.
We need a cultural shift to recognize and reward scientists who make their work useful to others, including researchers who might never meet but whose data are used. One way to make this happen is to get rid of ordered author lists. By developing author contribution taxonomies and narratives, we have already acknowledged the need to reflect the multifaceted nature of authorship. Large consortia and organizations are adopting contribution frameworks to reflect author roles and participation more accurately. We are also moving to use repository tools that assign authorship to different types of research output, such as data sets. More effort, creativity and diversity of thought are needed. We should stop trying to apply old attribution models to the innovative ways we now generate data.
If we can reveal the shape of proteins at atomic resolutions, tweak genes to order and detect cosmic signals from the beginning of time, then surely we can work out better ways to represent author contributions. We already send complex basic research and clinical data into ‘information commons’ and build computational ‘knowledge network’ tools to inform patient diagnostics and therapeutics. A well-annotated data set might be combined with other data to expand its impact synergistically. Can we imagine an author attribution method that would use cutting-edge computational tools similar to those being applied to scientific research itself? A tool that gives credit where credit is due?
If we acknowledge the products of research in more-innovative ways, the value of ‘team-ness’ might grow in academic culture and the cutting edge will get sharper. Perhaps, then, I won’t have to cajole anyone to participate in team-building activities.
Responses and Other measures of impact
For measuring and comparing the influence of the entire journals,
Not for the assessment of single papers, and certainly not for the assessment of researchers or research programmes
H - Index
H-Index plot
10–12 for tenure decisions at major research universities. A val
18 -a full professorship
15–20- a fellowship in the American Physical Society, and
45- Membership in the United States National Academy of Sciences.
Calculating h
Advantages
Criticism
Impact Factor: Indian Contest
Limitations
References
Citation Analysis
Citation Calculation
The meaning of citations is not simple and citation‐based statistics are not nearly as "objective" as proponents assert.
Research usually has multiple goals and it is therefore reasonable that its value must be judged by multiple criteria.
Cited Reference Searching
�
Traditional search
1982 paper
1957 paper
1996 paper
1982 paper
1996 paper
1957 paper
1987 paper
2004 paper
2001 paper
1993 paper
Cited reference search
Why use this type of search?
Citation Reports
Use�
Web of Science
Web of Science: citation analysis
Web of Science: methodology
Web of Science: Evaluation
Pros
Cons
Multidisciplinary Database
Coverage of:
Scopus includes research literature published in:
�Includes citation analysis for journals and authors from 1996 and on.
What is the Scopus Citation Tracker?�
With the Scopus Citation Tracker, users can:
Also generates the h-graph:
Hirsch defines the h index as follows:
“The h-index is based on the highest number of papers included that have had at least the same number of citations. “
Citation Tracker Tool
Once you have refined your results, you can select one, some or all of the hits and run a citation analysis using the “citation tracker” option.
Citation Analysis Step 1
The Citation Overview page allow exclusion of “self-citations”, date range manipulation and 4 different ways to sort the results.
Citation Analysis Step 2
Citation Analysis - Results
At this point, the searcher must make a decision: to track the authors whose works appear most often in the results or the authors whose works are ones most often cited?
Vs.
Author Tracking – Decision Point
Author Search
Author Selection
Author’s Citation Analysis
Analysis for P.A. Matson
Personal observations:
Cons:
Pros:
Multidisciplinary Database
Google Scholar
How scholarly is Google Scholar?
Citations in Google Scholar:�
Go to Google Scholar – http://scholar.google.com/
Do a search for a particular name and topic and then add to the end of the search “-author:”
Example searches:
author: S.P.Singh
Google Scholar Articles Add id and password in Gmail account Add name of author Get Result
Web of Science | Scopus | Google Scholar |
|
| Articles from some of CrossRef’s partipating publishers and others that have made content available to Google Scholar More medicine and scientific resources than humanities and social science Preprints, e-prints, university publications Books from OCLC’s Open WorldCat |
6,650 journals since 1900 1,950 (+3,300) journals since 1956 1,160 journals (+6,800) | 15, 000 peer reviewed academic journals 1,200 Open Access journals 500 conference proceedings Over 600 trade publications book chapters and 200 book series 386 million web sources (author homepages, university sites, Open Archives Initiative) 22 million patents �Includes citation analysis for journals and authors from 1996 and on | Citations extracted from crawled articles using “special algorithms” GS also includes non scholarly material as well as books Google Scholar has a wider coverage of Open Access (OA) web documents and non-journal documents more useful for citation tracking across full text documents |
Research Team
Dr. Sangeeta Gohel, Assistant Professor
Dr. Vikram Raval, DST Young Scientist (Now at Gujarat University)
Dr. Aparna Singh, DST Women Scientist ( Now Asstt. Prof, Surat)
Dr. Kalpana Rakholiya, SERB- National Post-Doctoral Fellow
Ms. Kruti Dangar, DST Women Scientist (Now Asstt. prof, Saurashtra University)
&
Ph.D./M.Phil/M.Sc. Students
Acknowledgements : Ph.D. Students
Financial Support
DBT, UGC, DST, MoES, GSBTM,
Saurashtra University, Rajkot
Research Collaborations
Recent Publications
( Cumulative Impact factor : 201, H-Index: 31)
2021
Dwivedi, Purna, Sharma, A. K. and Singh, S.P. 2021. Biochemical properties and repression studies of an alkaline serine protease from a haloalkaliphilic actinomycete, Nocarpdiopsis dassonvillei subsp. albirubida OK-14. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, Accepted. 07 June 2021 (Elsevier; IF: 0.90)
Kikani, B.A. and Singh, S.P. 2021. Amylases from thermophilic bacteria: Structure and Function Relationship. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, In Press, 30 April 2021 (Taylor & Francis; IF: 8.102)
Rathore, D. R., Sheikh, M., Gohel G.D, and Singh, S.P. 2021. Genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of the Nocardiopsis alba strains of sea water. Current Microbiology, 78: 1377-1387 (Springer; IF: 1.75), DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02420-0
2021
Chauhan, J.V., Mathukiya, R. Singh, S.P. and Gohel, S.D. 2021. Two steps purification, biochemical characterization, thermodynamics and structure elucidation of thermostable alkaline serine protease from Nocardiopsis alba strain OM-5. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules (IJBIOMAC), 169: 39-50 (Elsevier; IF: 5.16), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.061 , Available On-Line 12 Dec 2020.
Rathore, D R and Singh, S.P. 2021. Kinetics of growth and co-production of amylase and protease in novel marine actinomycete, Streptomyces lopnurensis KaM5. Folia Microbiologica (Springer; IF: 1.70), https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-020-00843-z
2020
Sharma, A.K. Kikani, B.A. and Singh S.P. 2020, Diversity and Phylogeny of Actinomycetes of Arabian Sea along the Gujarat Coast. Geomicrobiology Journal (Taylor & Francis, IF 1.90), DOI: 10.1080/01490451.2020.1860165
Raiyani, Nirali and Singh S.P. 2020, Extraction of environmental DNA, construction of metagenomic libraries and functional screening of enzymes from salt pan soil, Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, Accepted (NISCARE, CSIR, IF 0.50),
Raiyani, Nirali and Singh S.P. 2020, Taxonomic and functional profiling of the microbial communities of Arabian Sea: A Metagenomics approach �Journal: Genomics (Elsevier, IF 6.20), 112:4361- 4369 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.07.024
Bhatt, H.B. and Singh S.P. 2020, Cloning, Expression and structural elucidation of a biotechnologically potential alkaline serine protease from a newly isolated Haloalkaliphilic Bacillus lehensis JO-26, Frontiers in Microbiology (IF 4.25), 11:1-16, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00941
2020
Sharma, A.K. Kikani, B.A. and Singh S.P. 2020, Biochemical, thermodynamic and structural characteristics of a biotechnologically compatible alkaline protease from a haloalkaliphilic, Nocardiopsis dassonvillei OK-18 International Journal of Biological Macromolecules (IJBIOMAC), 153:680-696, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.006 (IF 5.16)
Pandya, Rupal D. and Singh S.P. 2020, Pigment production by an extreme halophilic archaeon on Halorubrum sp. J4.2.2 from little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. Research Journal of Biotechnology, 15(1):88-100. E-ISSN: 2278-4535 Print ISSN: 0973-6263
2019
Thakrar, F.J. and Singh S.P. 2019. Catalytic, thermodynamic and structural properties of an immobilized and highly thermostable alkaline protease from a haloalkaliphilic actinobacteria, Nocardiopsis alba Tata-5. Bioresource Technology, 278:150-158 (IF 5.802)
Sheikh, M., Rathore, D.S., Gohel, S.D. and Singh S.P. 2019. Cultivation and characteristics of the Marine Actinobacterial from the Sea water of Alang, Bhavnagar. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences (CSIR-NISCARE), 48(12), 1896-1901(IF 0.4).
Rathore, D.S., Sheikh, M.A., Gohel, S.D. and Singh, S.P. (2019) Isolation strategies, abundance and characteristics of the marine actinomycetes of Kachhighadi, Gujarat, India. Journal of Marine Biological Association of India (JMBAI), CMFRI Cochin, India 61(1): 21-27
2018
Gohel, S. D. and Singh S.P. 2018. Thermodynamics of a Ca2+ dependent, highly thermostable and detergent compatible purified alkaline serine protease from Nocardiopsis xinjiangensis strain OM-6. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules (IJBIOMAC), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.157, 113:565-574 (IF 3.00)
Gohel, S. D. and Singh S.P. 2018. Molecular phylogeny and diversity of the salt-tolerant alkaliphilic actinobacteria inhabiting Coastal Gujarat, India. Geomicrobiology Journal, DOI: 10.1080/01490451.2018.1471107, 35:9, 775-789 (IF 1.5)
Thakrar, F.J., Kikani, B.A., Sharma, A.K. and Singh S.P. 2018. Stability of alkaline proteases from haloalkaliphilic actinobacteria probed by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology (Russia), 54(6), 591-602 (IF 0.68)
Sheikh, M., Rathore, D. S., Gohel, S. D. and Singh S.P. 2018. Marine actinobacteria associated with the invertebrate hosts: a rich source of bioactive compounds: A Review. (Invited contribution) Journal of Cell &Tissue Research, 18 (01), 6361-6374.
2018
Dangar, K. G., Kalasava, A. B., Dave, A. V. and Singh S.P. 2018. Molecular diversity of Nocardiopsis alba sp. isolated from the coastal region of Gujarat, India. Journal of Cell &Tissue Research, 18(3) 6559-6570
Vaidya A., Nair, V. S., Georrge, J. and Singh S.P. 2018. Comparative analysis of thermophilic proteases, Research Journal of Life Sciences, Bioinformatics, Pharaceutical and Chemical Sciences (RJLBPCS) 4(6), P. 66. DOI: 10.26479/2018.0406.05
Pandey, S. Sharma, A.K., Solanki, Kiran P. and Singh S.P. January 2018. Catalysis and stability of an extracellular α- amylase from a haloalkaliphilic bacterium as a function of the organic solvents at different pH, salt concentrations and temperatures. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences (CSIR-NISCARE), 47 (01), 240-248 (IF 0.4).
2018
Dangar, K. G., Kalasava, A. B., Dave, A. V. and Singh S.P. 2018. Molecular diversity of Nocardiopsis alba sp. isolated from the coastal region of Gujarat, India. Journal of Cell &Tissue Research, 18(3) 6559-6570
Vaidya A., Nair, V. S., Georrge, J. and Singh S.P. 2018. Comparative analysis of thermophilic proteases, Research Journal of Life Sciences, Bioinformatics, Pharaceutical and Chemical Sciences (RJLBPCS) 4(6), P. 66. DOI: 10.26479/2018.0406.05
Pandey, S. Sharma, A.K., Solanki, Kiran P. and Singh S.P. January 2018. Catalysis and stability of an extracellular α- amylase from a haloalkaliphilic bacterium as a function of the organic solvents at different pH, salt concentrations and temperatures. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences (CSIR-NISCARE), 47 (01), 240-248 (IF 0.4).
2017
Bhatt, H.B., Gohel, S.D. and Singh, S.P. 2017. Phylogeny, Novel bacterial lineage and enzymatic potential of haloalkaliphilic bacteria from the saline coastal desert of Little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. 3 Biotech, 8,53, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-017-1075-0 (IF 1.36)
Bhatt, H.B., Begum, M.A., Chintalapati, S., Chintalapati, V.R. and Singh, S.P. 2017. Desertibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov.sp. nov., isolated from a salt desert. International Journal of Systematic & Evolutionary Microbiology (IJSEM), 67(11):4435-4442 (IF 2.1)
Kikani, B.A., Sharma, A.K. & Singh, S.P. 2017. Metagenomic and Culture-Dependent Analysis of the Bacterial Diversity of a Hot Spring Reservoir as a Function of the Seasonal Variation. International Journal of Environmental Research, 11: 25-38. DOI:10.1007/s41742-017-0003-9 (IF 1.0).
Datta, A., Sharma, A., Kundu, R.S. and Singh S.P. 2017. Diversity and enzymatic profile of bacterial flora in the gut of an estuarine fish, Mugil jerdoni. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences (CSIR-NISCARE), 46(06): 1116-1127 (IF 0.4)
Richard Feynman
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman
Richard Phillips Feynman, an American theoretical physicist, known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics,
Assignment � �Question -1: What are different reasons for the variability in publications among the scientists/students. (One para or 5-7 Points)��Question-2: In the light of the historical background of the citations, discus its implications (One para or 5-7 Points)��Question-3 Discuss the Impact factors of the journals in the context of the assessment of the credentials of the scientists. (One-two para)��Question-4 Highlight the merits of H-Index? (up to 5 Points)��Question-5 List 10 Journals with Impact factors and publishers of your research areas��
�Thank you