Siena / IRIS-HEP Programming Workshop
Matt Bellis
Siena College
Great book about the history of statistics, specifically Bayes’ Theorem and Bayesian / frequentist philosophies of statistics
What do I do?
Compact Muon Solenoid
Images: CERN
CERN
Geneva, Switzerland
(straddles French/Swiss
border)
Conseil Européen pour la
Recherche Nucléaire
(European Council for
Nuclear Research),
Founded in 1954, out of
scientific ruin of WWII
Strong sense of peaceful
mission
Image credit CERN
What did folks used to do?
Physicists used to analyze pictures...
Now we use devices like pixel detectors!
Not much different from your camera phone….but much bigger!
Bump discoveries!
J/psi (charm-anticharm)
1974
Upsilon(botom-antibottom)
1977
Compact Muon Solenoid
Images: CERN
Byte - 8 binary numbers, how a computer stores data
Megabyte (Mb) - 1 million bytes
Gigabyte (Gb) - 1 billion bytes
Terabyte (Gb) - 1 trillion bytes
Petabyte (Pb) - 1 quadrillion bytes
Exabyte (Eb) - 1 quintillion bytes
Byte - 8 binary numbers, how a computer stores data
Megabyte (Mb) - 1 million bytes
Gigabyte (Gb) - 1 billion bytes
Terabyte (Gb) - 1 trillion bytes
Petabyte (Pb) - 1 quadrillion bytes
Exabyte (Eb) - 1 quintillion bytes
Over 100 Pb are archived at CERN!
Multiple B-candidates
Background MC
Signal MC
Collision
MC Backgrounds
(Overproduced)
Signal MC
Collision
All Cuts
Background
Signal
Collision
Background MC
Signal MC
Collision
All Cuts
Background
Signal
Collision
Background MC
Signal MC
Collision
Much of the work at this stage is pandas, numpy, and scikit-learn!
All standard data science tools!
Tools of discovery!
Backup slides
About 7 octillion atoms in the human body
7,000 trillion trillion atoms
7 billion billion billion atoms
7,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms
Protons and neutrons are chonky
2000x heavier than electrons
They live in the nucleus
Electrons are light
They are far from the nucleus
Different atoms have different numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons
Elements are atoms with different numbers of protons
Sometimes, the nucleus can “spit out” some of these particles
That’s radiation!
Beta decay
I am tiny
Alpha decay
I am super chonk
So tiny!
How do we see these?
We need to make it cold!
Usually dry ice
Makes vapor
One side gets cold!
One side gets hot!
Desktop computer power supply
Desktop computer cooling fan
Two (2) Peltier thermocoolers
Desktop computer power supply
Desktop computer cooling fan
Two (2) Peltier thermocoolers
3D-printed parts
CMS at the
Large Hadron Collider
Beta decay
I am tiny
Alpha decay
I am super chonk
Cosmic rays
Our sun
1 million Earths!
Galaxy
100 billion stars (suns)
Billions of galaxies!
Supernova
The death of a star
Nebula
Start at 0:25