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Madhesh Agricultural University�COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE

PREPARED BY:-

ANU Yadav

DIPIKA Yadav

SIMRAN Bhagat

DEBENDRA Yadav

BIKASH KUMAR Gupta

SUBMITTED TO:- Dr. JUNGIT Critykar SIR

TOPIC:- BUCKWHEAT

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INTRODUCTION

BOTANICAL NAME:- Fagopyrum esculentum Family:- Gramineae

Buckwheat is regarded as a pseudocereal crop(non grass). In Nepali it is called "Phaper”

There are 2 types of PHAPER :- Mitho and Tite phaper

It contains 73% carbohydrate, 2% fat, 11% protein

ORIGIN

South Eastern part of China

In Nepal buckwheat is widely distributed throughout all hill and mountain and plain Terai

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IMPORTANCE

Buckwheat seedling of 20-30 days used as vegetables.
Seed are used for making flour from which different in stuffs can be prepared.
Its has religious value
Reduces cholesterol , sugar level and provide proper metabolism.
Poultry feed also

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CLIMATIC REQUIREMENTS

Buckwheat needs a Cool Climate and can be grown up to 300-4500 ft altitude. It is a high moisture loving plant which needs 17-20°C tempr and 70-80% R-H. The average annual rainfall of 100 mm throughout the growing period with frost tree environment is most for its successful cultivation.

SOIL

Light to medium texture, well-drained soil such as sandy loam, loam and silt loam are better.

Heavy clay and sity clay are not suitable for growing buckwheat. It can be grown in acidic soil but ideal pH is 5-6.

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land preparation

1 deep ploughing, 20-25 cm followed ploughing, destruction of clods and removing of weeds is necessary for successful buckwheat cultivating.

Seed rate & Seed Treatment:-

Seed of 40-50 kg/ha is generally used seed Should be pure, viable, true to its type, with high germination % seed Should be treated with vitavex, Thiram @2.5 gm/kg of seeds before Sowing.

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Sowing time:

Sowing time depends upon the moisture Status and climatic condition buckwheat is Sown in Nepal,

High hills:- Baisakh – Jestha

Mid-hills:-Shrawan -Bhadra

Terai and inner Terai:- 1st week of Mangshir

Method of sowing:-

Broodcasting line sowing25-30*5 sq.cm Spacing is Common. Line sowing and broadcasting method have similar impactin our condition. The seed rate and germination % is not achieved in broadcasting. The depth of Seedling is 4-5cm in general.

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Mamure and Fertilizers:-

The recommended fertilizer dose for buckwheat (Tite Phapar-1) in Nepal is 60:30:30 kg/ha N:

: (Nitrogen:Phosphorus:Potassium) to maximize yield.

In some conditions, a lower rate of 30:30:0 kg/ha N:P:K is recommended, alongside using organic sources like FYM or poultry manure, as buckwheat requires less fertilizer than other crops.

Nepal Journals Online+4

Irrigation:-

Generally, buckwheat is cultivated in upland rainfed soil due to which the need of irrigation is not analyzed. If Irrigation facility is available. 4-5 irrigation are essential flowering to grain filling Stage is the critical stage of Buckwheat.

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Weeding:-

Seedling of buckwheat Covers the Soil in 15-20 days after sowing. At the Sametime, Buckwheat plant (main stem) Contains glyphosate, which suppress the weed growth.

Harvesting and yield:-

When more than 75% grains turn black\ brown and the leaves dry, buckwheat is harvested with sickles at 3-4 inch above the ground and left in the field for 3-4 days for drying. It is made into bundles and then harvested by beating with sticks.

Grains having 12% moisture is stored in air-tight container.