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Opening the Aperture on Earth Science – How Open Science Initiatives are Transforming Earth Science��Deliverable: CB-23-04

Chris Barnes (USGS/KBR)

Sydney Neugebauer (NASA)

Yasha Moz (BAH/NASA)

Derek Hanson (NOAA)

Nancy Searby (NASA)

30 May 2024

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Speaker Introductions

Chris Barnes (USGS/KBR)�barnes@contractor.usgs.gov �Yasha Moz (BAH/NASA)�yakov.m.moz@nasa.gov

Sydney Neugebauer (NASA)�sydney.e.neugebauer@nasa.gov �

Derek Hanson (NOAA) derek.hanson@noaa.gov

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Agenda

Purpose
What is Open Science?

Definitions

Open Science Global Resources

Transparent Science
Accessible Science
Inclusive Science
Reproducible Science

Open Licensing at Group on Earth Observations
Resources
Questions and Discussion

Note: webinar is being recorded and will be made available for on-demand viewing from the CEOS WGCapD webpage.

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Purpose

Highlight how agencies are committed to enabling major scientific discoveries through increased understanding and adoption of Open Science principles and techniques

Note: webinar is being recorded and will be made available for on-demand viewing from the CEOS WGCapD webpage shortly after its conclusion

TOPS = Transform to Open Science

Includes, NASA, NOAA, USGS, and 10 other federal agencies and 88 academic institutions

Designed to rapidly transform agencies, organizations, and communities to an inclusive culture of open science.

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What is Open Science?

"Open Science is the principal and practice of making research products and processes available to all, while respecting diverse cultures, maintaining security and privacy, and fostering collaborations, reproducibility and equity".

The White House Office of Science and Technology�Policy Memo 2022 (adapted)

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Definitions

Term	Definition
Open Science	The principle and practice of making research products and processes available to all, while respecting diverse cultures, maintaining security and privacy, and fostering collaborations, reproducibility and equity.
Open Data	Data that can be freely used, re-used and redistributed by anyone.
Open Source	Computer programs in which the source code is available to the general public for use or modification from its original design.
Open Access	Free access to information and unrestricted use of electronic resources for everyone.

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Open Science Global Resources

UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science was adopted in November 2021, and recommends:

A common definition for open science
Core values and guiding principles for open science
Priority areas of actions

Not all countries or participants enjoy equal access, capacity, and policy environments to operationalize open science.

Consideration of regional differences and needs is a key part of the conversation, and we hope to discuss this at the conclusion of the webinar.

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Open Science Pillars

Transparent Science

Scientific process and results should be visible, accessible, and understandable.

Reproducible Science

Scientific process and results should be open such that they are reproducible by members of the community.

Accessible Science

Data, tools, software, documentation, and publications should be accessible to all (FAIR – findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability).

Inclusive Science

Process and participants should welcome participation by and collaboration with diverse people and organizations.

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Transparent Science

Image credit: NASA Earth Science Data Systems (ESDS)

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Accessible Science

NASA’s Science Discovery Engine (currently in beta) offers an integrated search portal to access all of NASA’s free and open science data, from astrophysics to Earth Science.

The completed engine will roll out in Fall 2024

The top 75 most downloaded NASA Earth Science datasets were migrated to the cloud in 2022.

That’s 72 million data granules!

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Accessible Science

NOAA's One Stop is an interoperable tool designed to explore NOAA data from across scientific disciplines, formats, time periods, and locations.

One Stop features :

104,000 collections

Over 3 million metadata granules

Search API can help narrow results, including filtering out records without data access

Robust, keyword enabled search interface

File filters to further narrow the granule download process

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Inclusive Science

Inclusion is a core value at NASA

New edition of Equity Action Plan in 2023

Increasing integration of contractors from underserved communities
Enhancing grants and cooperative agreements for underserved communities
Increasing the accessibility and use of Earth science data
Improving language access policies
Engaging more students to build a diverse STEM workforce

Inclusive Practice

Open Science 101 Study Group in Spanish hosted by MetaDocencia

led by Melissa Black, OS101 subject matter expert and OpenSciency contributor

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Inclusive Science

Open science cannot be extractive

Traditional knowledge and Indigenous and individual data sovereignty must be protected

Marginalized communities, including Indigenous groups, have long been the subject of extractive scientific practices in the name of research.
Establishing reciprocal trust relationships with groups is essential to inclusive science practices supported by open science.
Resources like the CARE Principles for Indigenous Data Governance are key for researchers and stewards of Indigenous data to approach use of these data with respect.

Nagoya Protocol

This 2014 UN Agreement aims at sharing the benefits from utilizing genetic resources in a fair and equitable way.

It has paved the way to provide guidance and the protection of Indigenous resources and data. Open, inclusive science upholds these agreements and educates researchers on their use.

Indigenous Data Sovereignty Networks

Many networks across the world have Indigenous Sovereignty networks that promote sovereignty and governance, such as the Global Indigenous Data Alliance.

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Reproducible Science

NASA SPD-41a: Scientific Information Policy

Peer-reviewed publications are made openly available
Research data and software are shared at the time of publication
Mission data are released as soon as possible
Science workshops and meetings are held openly to enable broad participation

An Open Science and Data Management Plan is required in all NASA Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Science proposals.

NASA’s Core Data and Computing Services Program will provide a layered architecture on which science can scale.

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Open Licensing at �Group on Earth Observations

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Why data licensing?

Describing data as “Full and Open” or “Open Data by Default” provides insufficient legal certainty for many data users.
Custom “end user license agreements” or data “terms and conditions” often include legally problematic terms and require close legal review to understand.
The uncertainty and lack of consistency creates barriers to data use. The international community is moving towards the solution of standard open data licenses.

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GEO Data Licensing Guidance

The following are consistent with the GEO Data Sharing Principles:

Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication (CC0)
Open Data Commons Public Domain Dedication and License (PDDL) v1.0
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

GEO Members, Participating Organizations, and other entities that share open, unrestricted data should clearly license such data using only one of these licenses. Custom license agreements should not be used, and these standard licenses should not be modified or augmented with additional text.
https://gkhub.earthobservations.org/records/c3yd5-2s987

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Software Licensing Guidance

GEO is planning to develop software licensing guidance this year.
In the meantime, consider licensing any software using a license approved by the Open Source Initiative.

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TOPS Mission

Over the next 5 years TOPS aims to:

Accelerate major scientific discoveries
Broaden participation by historically excluded communities
Increase understanding and adoption of open science principles and techniques�

Open Science will broaden participation, increase accessibility to knowledge, and embrace new technologies that will create a scientific culture that is ready for 21st century Earth science challenges!

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Resources

Open Science Announcements from Federal Agencies
Take NASA’s Open Science 101 Training to earn an open science badge associated with your ORCID ID
Join the conversation 🡺 NASA TOPS LinkedIn group and blog
TOPS Monthly Newsletter Archive
Contribute training and capacity building opportunities to UNESCO
USGS Open Science Success Stories
Process for making a snow cover map, from concept to product
NOAA One STOP
GEO OPEN Licensing Guidance

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Questions and Discussion

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