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Coverage:

What is Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)?
Mechanism of antimicrobial resistance
Consequences of antimicrobial resistance
Main drivers of antimicrobial resistance
Preventing antimicrobial resistance

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What are Antimicrobials?

Antimicrobials are medicines that treat illnesses caused by microbes.

Agents that kill microorganisms or inhibit their growth.

Microbes are tiny organisms that can enter our body. They lived on earth for 3.5 billion years making them the most adaptable life forms.

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Earliest Antimicrobials:

SALVARSAN

Synthesized by Paul Ehrlich in 1910

PENICILLIN

A naturally produced antimicrobial accidentally discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928

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Antimicrobial Resistance

Occurs when microorganism change over time and no longer respond to medicines making infections harder to treat.

Superbugs – microorganisms that are resistant to most antimicrobials

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Preventing access of antimicrobials into the organism

Mechanism of Antimicrobial Resistance

Removing antimicrobials using pumps in the cell wall

Destroying and inactivating the antimicrobial with enzyme

Changing

target

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Consequences of Antimicrobial Resistance

Antimicrobials become ineffective
Treatment with alternative drugs may be more expensive
Require treatment for longer period
Can lead to adverse clinical outcome
Have significant economic cost

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Main drivers of AMR

Misuse and overuse of antimicrobials
Lack of access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene
Poor infection and disease prevention and control in health-care facilities and farms

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Main drivers of AMR

Poor access to quality, affordable medicines, vaccines and diagnostics
Lack of awareness and knowledge; and
Lack of enforcement of legislation

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Preventing AMR

To improve awareness and understanding of antimicrobial resistance through effective communication, education and training

To strengthen the knowledge and evidence base through surveillance and research

To reduce the incidence of infection through effective sanitation, hygiene and infection prevention measures

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Preventing AMR

To optimize the use of antimicrobial medicines in human and animal health

To develop the economic case for sustainable investment that takes account of the needs of all countries and to increase investment in new medicines, diagnostic tools

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Resources:

https://www.who.int/health-topics/antimicrobial-resistance

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16142-antimicrobial-resistance

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Thank You!

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