Information and PowerPoint prepared by Benny Tom (UICOMP M1)
Timeline of Major Gene Therapies Currently Approved by FDA
Retinal Degeneration
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Bladder Cancer
Beta-Thalassemia
Retinal Degeneration
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Bladder Cancer
Beta-Thalassemia
Retinal Degeneration
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Bladder Cancer
Beta-Thalassemia
Retinal Degeneration
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Bladder Cancer
Beta-Thalassemia
Date of Approval: 12/19/2017
Indication:
Retinal Dystrophy (Bi-allelic mutation of RPE65)
Disease Rate:
2-3 per 100,000 individuals
Gene Therapy Agent:
LUXTURNA (voretigene neparvovec-rzyl)
Gene Therapy Strategy:
Subretinal injection adeno-associated virus vector-based gene therapy (AAV2)
Side Effects:
Conjunctival hyperemia, cataract, increased intraocular pressure, retinal tear, dellen (thinning of the corneal stroma), macular hole, subretinal deposits, eye inflammation, eye irritation, eye pain, and maculopathy (wrinkling on the surface of the macula)
Retinal Degeneration
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Bladder Cancer
Beta-Thalassemia
Retinal Degeneration
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Bladder Cancer
Beta-Thalassemia
Retinal Degeneration
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Bladder Cancer
Beta-Thalassemia
Retinal Degeneration
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Bladder Cancer
Beta-Thalassemia
Date of Approval:
05/24/2019
Indication:
Spinal muscular atrophy (pediatric patients < 2 years old with bi-allelic mutations in SMN1)
Disease Rate:
1/10,000 live births
Gene Therapy Agent:
ZOLGENSMA (onasemnogene abeparvovec-xioi)
Gene Therapy Strategy:
In-vivo adeno-associated virus vector-based gene therapy (AAV9)
Side Effects:
Thrombocytopenia, Respiratory insufficiency, thrombotic microangiopathy, Elevated Liver Enzymes, vomiting, elevated troponin-I levels, fevers
Retinal Degeneration
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Bladder Cancer
Beta-Thalassemia
Retinal Degeneration
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Bladder Cancer
Beta-Thalassemia
Retinal Degeneration
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Bladder Cancer
Beta-Thalassemia
Retinal Degeneration
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Bladder Cancer
Beta-Thalassemia
Date of Approval:
08/17/2022
Indication:
Transfusion-dependent
ß-thalassemia
Disease Rate:
Rare in USA (exact number is unknown, estimated that 1,300 people in U.S. are affected)
Gene Therapy Agent:
ZYNTEGLO (betibeglogene autotemcel)
Gene Therapy Strategy:
Ex-vivo Lenti-D lentiviral vector gene therapy (LVV)
Side Effects:
Tachycardia, pain in arm or legs, Alopecia, rash, mucositis, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, constipation, leukopenia, thrombopenia
Retinal Degeneration
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Bladder Cancer
Beta-Thalassemia
Retinal Degeneration
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Bladder Cancer
Beta-Thalassemia
Retinal Degeneration
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Bladder Cancer
Beta-Thalassemia
Date of Approval:
09/16/2022
Indication:
Early Cerebral Adrenoleukodystrophy
Disease Rate:
1/10,000 - 1/17,000
Gene Therapy Agent:
SKYSONA (elivaldogene autotemcel)
Gene Therapy Strategy:
Ex-vivo Lenti-D lentiviral vector gene therapy (LVV)
Side Effects:
Tachycardia, Alopecia, pruritus, rash, skin hyperpigmentation, fever, febrile neutropenia, hypertension, transfusion reaction, decreased appetite, anxiety, headache, vision blurred, cough, epistaxis, oropharyngeal pain
Retinal Degeneration
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Bladder Cancer
Beta-Thalassemia
Retinal Degeneration
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Bladder Cancer
Beta-Thalassemia
Retinal Degeneration
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Bladder Cancer
Beta-Thalassemia
Date of Approval:
11/22/2022
Indication:
Hemophilia B
Disease Rate:
1/25,000 Male Births
Gene Therapy Agent:
HEMGENIX (etranacogene dezaparvovec-drlb)
Gene Therapy Strategy:
In-vivo adeno-associated virus vector-based gene therapy (AAV5)
Side Effects:
Increased Liver Enzymes, headache, hypersensitivity, flu-like symptoms, fatigue, nausea, malaise
Retinal Degeneration
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Bladder Cancer
Beta-Thalassemia
Retinal Degeneration
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Bladder Cancer
Beta-Thalassemia
Retinal Degeneration
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Bladder Cancer
Beta-Thalassemia
Retinal Degeneration
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Bladder Cancer
Beta-Thalassemia
Date of Approval:
12/16/2022
Indication:
Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) (unresponsive to BCG treatment)
Disease Rate:
NMIBC incidence =75% of 81,190 estimated newly diagnosed bladder cancer cases in USA. This is about 1/5,000 - 1/6,000.
Gene Therapy Agent:
ADSTILADRIN (nadofaragene firadenovec-vncg)
Gene Therapy Strategy:
In-vivo Intravesical Instillation adeno-associated virus vector-based gene therapy (AAV5)
Side Effects:
Glucose increased, instillation site discharge, triglycerides increased, fatigue, bladder spasm, micturition (urination urgency), creatinine increased, hematuria (blood in urine), phosphate decreased, chills, pyrexia (fever), and dysuria (painful urination)
Retinal Degeneration
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Bladder Cancer
Beta-Thalassemia
Retinal Degeneration
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Bladder Cancer
Beta-Thalassemia
Retinal Degeneration
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Bladder Cancer
Beta-Thalassemia
Retinal Degeneration
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Bladder Cancer
Beta-Thalassemia
Date of Approval:
06/30/2023
Indication:
Hemophilia A
Disease Rate:
1/5,000 Male Births
Gene Therapy Agent:
ROCTAVIAN (valoctocogene roxaparvovec-rvox)
Gene Therapy Strategy:
In-vivo adeno-associated virus vector-based gene therapy (AAV5)
Side Effects:
Increased Liver Enzymes, Nausea, fatigue, headache, infusion-related reactions, vomiting, abdominal pain, hepatotoxicity, thromboembolic events.
Retinal Degeneration
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Bladder Cancer
Beta-Thalassemia
Retinal Degeneration
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Bladder Cancer
Beta-Thalassemia
Retinal Degeneration
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Bladder Cancer
Beta-Thalassemia
Retinal Degeneration
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Bladder Cancer
Beta-Thalassemia
Date of Approval:
08/30/2017 (ALL)
Indication:
ALL/DLBCL/FL (in patients that are refractory or in second or later relapse)
Disease Rate:
34 per 1 million (pediatric ALL)
Gene Therapy Agent:
KYMRIAH (tisagenlecleucel)
Gene Therapy Strategy:
Ex-vivo CD19-directed CAR-T cell therapy
Side Effects:
Cytokine release syndrome, infections-pathogen unspecified, hypogammaglobulinemia, fever, decreased appetite, viral infectious disorders, headache, febrile neutropenia, hemorrhage, musculoskeletal pain, vomiting, encephalopathy, diarrhea, hypotension, cough, nausea, bacterial infectious disorders, pain, hypoxia, tachycardia, edema, fatigue, and acute kidney injury
Retinal Degeneration
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Bladder Cancer
Beta-Thalassemia
Retinal Degeneration
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Bladder Cancer
Beta-Thalassemia
Citations
Retinal Degeneration:
https://www.fda.gov/media/109906/download?attachment
https://www.drugs.com/sfx/luxturna-side-effects.html
Spinal Muscular Atrophy:
https://www.fda.gov/media/126109/download?attachment
https://journals-sagepub-com.proxy.cc.uic.edu/doi/full/10.1177/1060028020914274
https://www.drugs.com/sfx/zolgensma-side-effects.html
Beta-Thalassemia:
https://www.fda.gov/media/160991/download?attachment
https://www.drugs.com/zynteglo.html
X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy:
https://www.fda.gov/media/161640/download
https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/adrenoleukodystrophy/
https://www.drugs.com/skysona.html
Hemophilia B:
https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/hemgenix
https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/hemophilia-b/#affected
https://www.drugs.com/sfx/hemgenix-side-effects.html
Bladder Cancer:
https://www.fda.gov/media/164029/download?attachment
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6615913/
https://www.drugs.com/sfx/adstiladrin-side-effects.html
Hemophilia A:
https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/roctavian
https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/hemophilia-a/
https://www.drugs.com/roctavian.html
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia:
https://www.fda.gov/media/107296/download?attachment