PLATE TECTONICS
REVIEW
Approximately how old is the earth?
4.6 billion years old
What are the three zones of the earth?
Crust, mantle, core
What are the two types of crust?
Oceanic & continental
Describe the lithosphere.
Rigid plastic-like
Describe the asthenosphere.
Flowing plastic layer
Which part of the core is solid?
The inner core
Which zone makes up 2/3 of the earth’s mass?
The mantle
Who proposed the idea of continental drift?
Alfred Wegener
What is the single landmass called?
Pangaea
What is the single ocean called?
Panthalassa
One piece of evidence that supports continental drift is that similar _______ were found in eastern South America and western Africa.
Fossils or rocks
At mid-ocean ridges, magma rises and cools into new ocean crust.
What is this process called?
Sea floor spreading
The idea of plate tectonics is that the _______ is made up of solid pieces that “ride” on the _______________.
Lithosphere,
Asthenosphere
What is the force that pulls rocks apart?
Tension
What is the force that pushed one rock in opposite horizontal directions?
Shearing
What is it called when rock responds to stress by becoming permanently deformed WITHOUT breaking?
Folding
What is the type of folding that makes curves that look like the mouth in a “smiley face”?
Syncline
What is a break in the rock when the rocks have actually moved?
Fault
What is a break in the rock when there is no movement on either side of the break?
Fracture
What are the mountains that are formed when molten rock rised up and pushes rock layers above it?
Dome mountains
The discovery of “striping” on the ocean floor provided evidence of the reversing of Earth’s ____________.
Paleo-magnetism
What type of boundary has plates moving away from each other?
Divergent boundary
Plates are moving toward each other in a ___________ boundary.
Convergent
The three types of convergent boundaries depend on the types of crust.
Name the 3 options.
3. Oceanic-Continental
When oceanic crust collides with continental crust, __________ occurs.
Subduction
What is the main reason for plate movement?
Convection currents
A force that causes pressure in the crust’s rocks in called _________.
Stress
Name the three types of stress and describe each.
Tension – pulling apart
Compression – pushing together
Shearing – moving in opposite directions
What is the name of the mountain range that formed when India collides with Eurasia?
The Himalayas
What mountains were formed when the continent of Africa collided with North America?
The Appalachains
The San Andreas fault in California is an example of which type of boundary?
Transform boundary
What is the block of rock ABOVE the fault called?
Hanging wall
Which type fault is formed when the hanging wall drops down?
A normal fault
What is the upward fold in rock called?
An anticline
When the hanging wall moves up and over the foot wall, a ________ fault is formed.
Thrust
What does the hanging wall do in a reverse fault?
Moves up
What feature is formed at a divergent boundary?
A mid-ocean ridge
Which type of convergent boundary produced the Japanese Islands?
Converging oceanic plates
(oceanic – oceanic)
What type of boundary produces a trench?
(be specific – 2 options)
Convergent Boundary
What are the four evidences that Wegener used for his idea of continental drift?
1. Shape of continents
2. Fossil Evidence
3. Rock Types (mts.)
4. Climatic Evidence
Give an example of where you could see two converging continental plates.
The Himalayas
The Andes Mountains in South America are located at which type of plate boundary?
A convergent boundary of oceanic – continental plates
Where could you go to see a transform boundary?
The San Andreas Fault in California
What type of mountains are located near subduction zones?
Volcanic mountains
What type of stress is associated with convergent boundaries?
Compression
The End
GOOD LUCK!!!