Anatomy and Physiology of MAMMALS

Introduction

SBI3C

Learning about Human Anatomy and physiology

National Geographic Video - Human Body

How does the environment affect our body?

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• What is the common cold caused by?
• Do cool temperatures on the environment cause the common cold to occur on individuals?
• Should we dress with more layers to keep healthy?

Does being cold make you sick?

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https://healthmatters.nyp.org/have-a-stuffy-and-runny-nose-heres-what-causes-it-and-how-to-treat-it/

ORGANization of LIFE

https://classnotes.ng/lesson/organisation-of-life-biology-sss1/

Cells

A cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things.

Specialized cells, such as bone cells, blood cells, and muscle cells, are uniquely suited to perform a particular function.

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https://www.britannica.com/science/cell-biology

TISSUES

TISSUES: cells that are similar in shape and function that work together as tissues

There are 4 types of tissues:

• Epithelial - Lines tissues, cavities and covers surface of body
• Connective
• Supports and holds body parts together
• Examples: cartilage, bone, fat, blood
• Muscle - Sheets or bundles to produce movement
• Nervous - Communication between parts of the body

ORGANS

ORGANS: Different types of tissues form organs to work together for a function

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Examples of organs:

Heart, kidney, lung, skin, etc.

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Organs cannot work alone to keep an organism alive, organ must work as systems together!

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https://homehealth-uk.com/malebodydiagram/

ORGAN SYSTEMS

Organ system: A group of organs that has related structures or functions.

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ORGAN SYSTEMS

PURPOSE OF ORGAN SYSTEMS

Work together to have organism move, survive, reproduce and maintain homeostasis.

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HOMEOSTASIS: (homois: “same”; stasis: “standing still”)

is the body's ability to maintain a stable state of healthy function

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It is all about STABILITY and BALANCE!

HOMEOSTASIS

There are 2 types of feedback mechanisms:�negative and positive

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1. Negative feedback: A feedback in which the system responds in an opposite direction to the stimulus.

Examples: blood pressure, heart rate, temperature, CO₂, blood glucose,

Homeostasis

2. Positive feedback: A feedback mechanism resulting in the amplification or growth of the output signal.

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Examples: childbirth, blood clotting, ovulation, lactation, generation of nerve signals

HOMEOSTASIS in BODY

What are some ways the body maintains homeostasis?

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Temperature, pH levels, respiration, blood glucose, and others!

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If the temperature inside your body increases… how does your body compensate?

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If the temperature outside your body decreases… how does your body compensate?

Homeostasis

Thermoregulation:

https://youtu.be/vJhsyS4lTW0

Balance in the Body

1. Stand up and balance on one foot until I tell you to put their other foot down.
2. What happened to them during this activity? �What did you notice? �Did it get more difficult to balance as time went on?

YOU JUST EXPERIENCED HOMEOSTASIS!