THE RESTORATION
AND THE
LIBERAL REVOLUTIONS OF
THE 19TH CENTURY
The Restoration
The Congress of Vienna was supposed to reinstate the Ancien Regime and the monarchs who had been removed from power by Napoleon.
Revolutions were supposed to be crushed.
The Holy Alliance and the Quadruple Alliance were formed.
THE HOLY ALLIANCE
Created in 1815 after fall of Napoleon.
The Holy Alliance was formed to curb
revolutionary ideas across Europe and to
reinforce religious ideals to push Europe
back to the days of religious idealism.
The two great ideologies of the revolutions
LIBERALISM AND NATIONALISM
The ideas were brought forth during the French Revolution and once spread, it was hard for governments to hide these ideas from the people.
Liberalism: a political and social philosophy that promotes individual rights, civil liberties, democracy, and free enterprise.
Nationalism: nationalistic aspirations to the creation of unified,
independent, constitutional states with their own parliaments
and the rule of law.
REVOLUTIONS OF 1820
Anti-absolutist uprisings in Spain, Portugal, Piedmont, Naples
These movements failed and absolute governments were restored.
REVOLUTIONS OF 1830
Began in France and spread to Belgium, Spain, Portugal, Poland, and some Italian and German states
The liberalism became conservative and limited rights and freedoms
REVOLUTIONS OF 1848
Popular participation!
Also started in France, and spread to Prussia, Austria-Hungary, the German and Italian states
The revolutionaries wanted more rights, the ability of all men to vote, social equality, and social improvements.
But they were too radical, and the revolutions were suppressed.