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Macromolecules Review

Today’s Bell work:

  1. Name the atoms that make up Carbohydrates
  2. What is the name of the monomer form of carbohydrates? *Remember our prefix “mono” means 1 (one).
  3. Name the 4 macromolecules
  4. What reaction is taking place?

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Carbohydrates Recap

Carbohydrates made up 3 atoms:

Also known as: CHO

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Monomer Form of a Carbohydrate

“Mono”=

1

Sugar

“Di”=

2

Saccharide=

Sugar

Saccharide=

​

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Last one...

“Poly”=

Many

Poly + Saccharides= Many Sugars

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4 Macromolecules

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What reaction is taking place?

Hydrolysis (Also known as digestion)

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Lipids

Main Atoms:

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Lipid Types and Functions

Provides _______ for cells, cell structure, __________

Lipids & _______ compose the cell ___________.

​

  1. Triglycerides

2) Steroids

3) Phospholipids

long-term energy

insulation

​

Proteins

membrane

Provides long-term energy. How is this different from Carbohydrates?

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Lipid Structure (Triglyceride)

​

Monomers: ________ _________

​

Polymer: ___________________

2 Parts:

“Head”=

​

“Tails”=

Glycerol

​

Fatty Acids

Fatty Acid +Glycerol

​

No “True” Polymer

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Turn & Talk

  1. Turn over your handout
  2. Q#1: You have 30 secs to write down your best answer to the question.
  3. Discuss Q#1 with your shoulder partner.
  4. You have 30 secs. to talk, keep talking that whole time!

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Saturated Fats

  • Long chain of C-C ________ bonds
  • Each ______ is “saturated” with _______ atoms.

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

C

HO

O

Saturated fatty acid

On your worksheet circle 3 Hydrocarbon bonds (H-C-H) in the center of the structure

single

Carbon

Hydrogen

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Saturated Fats

  • Long chain of C-C single bonds
  • Each C is “saturated” with H atoms
  • ________ at room temperature.

Solid

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Saturated Fats

  • Long chain of C-C single bonds
  • Each C is “saturated” with H atoms
  • Solid at room temps
  • Very common in ________ fats.

animal

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Triglyceride

Tri=3 fatty acid chains + Glycerol

Label your diagram with the name Triglyceride and number label the chains.

1

2

3

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Unsaturated Fats

  • Long chain of ________ bonds (some _________ bonds)
    • Causes the chain to be __________.
  • Unsaturated: ________ space for ___________ atoms.

Unsaturated fatty acid

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

C

HO

O

On your worksheet circle the Carbon double bond (H-C=C-H) on the structure.

Carbon

double

crooked

Less

Hydrogen

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Unsaturated Fats

  • Long chain of C bonds (some double bonds)
    • Causes the chain to be crooked
  • Unsaturated: Less space for H atoms
  • _________ at room temps.

Liquid

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Unsaturated Fats

  • Long chain of C bonds (some double bonds)
    • Causes the chain to be crooked
  • Unsaturated: Less space for H atoms
  • Liquid at room temps
  • Plant oils

Coconut oil

Olive oil comes from olive trees

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Saturated vs. Unsaturated

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

C

HO

O

16

18

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

18

17

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

The double bond reduces the need for more H atoms to stabilize the molecule.

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

C

HO

O

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“Poly”Unsaturated Fats

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are fatty acids that contain more than one double bond in their backbone.

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Turn & Talk

  • Turn over your handout
  • Q#2: You have 30 secs to write down your best answer to the question.
  • Discuss Q#2 with your shoulder partner.
  • You have 30 secs. to talk, keep talking that whole time!

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Phospholipids

___________ head is ____________.

​

______ fatty acid tails are _______________.

Glycerol

Hydrophilic

2

Hydrophobic

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Phospholipids

Hydrophilic Head

Water Loving

Hydrophobic Tails

Water Fearing

Its role is critical because its structural components provide the barrier that marks the boundaries of a cell

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Turn & Talk

  • Turn over your handout
  • Q#3: You have 30 secs to write down your best answer to the question.
  • Discuss Q#3 with your shoulder partner.
  • You have 30 secs. to talk, keep talking that whole time!

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How does glycerol…

bond with these fatty acids?

Dehydration Synthesis

Building or Breaking?

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How is this lipid broken down?

Hydrolysis

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Final Turn & Talk

  • Turn over your handout
  • Q#4: You have 30 secs to write down your best answer to the question.
  • Discuss Q#4 with your shoulder partner.
  • You have 30 secs. to talk, keep talking that whole time!