How does a wing provide lift?
Bernoullis' Principle
Newton's Third Law
There are 2 ways...
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
as airspeed increases, air pressure decreases
As velocity increases, �pressure decreases.
Bernoulli's Principle
2 Angle of Attack, Stalls
5:58
Parts of a Wing
Bernoulli's Principle
Newton's 3rd Law
For every action,
there is an equal and opposite reaction
Wing moves from right to left
Wing
Wing moves from right to left
Wing
Air strikes bottom of wing
Wing moves from right to left
Wing
Air strikes bottom of wing
and is forced down
Wing moves from right to left
Wing
Air strikes bottom of wing
and is forced down
Newton says that for every �action there is an equal and �opposite reaction.
Wing moves from right to left
Wing
Air strikes bottom of wing
and is forced down
Newton says that for every �action there is an equal and �opposite reaction.
Since the air is forced DOWN... something must go UP... in this case it is the wing.
Other uses of Airfoils???
What other forces affect the flight of an aircraft?
Lift vs Gravity
Thrust vs Drag
Think about it...
An airplane is flying straight and level at a constant speed of 100 mph. What forces are greatest?
1 Forces on an Aircraft
1:49
What is the difference between and airfoil and a wing?
An airfoil is a cross sectional shape at any given point of a wing.
A wing is a structure made up of various parts: rib, spar, skin
Span: The distance from one wingtip to the other
Chord: The distance from the leading edge to the trailing edge.
Taper: A change in chord from root to tip
Sweep: An angle of the leading edge or trailing edge to the perpendicular direction of flight.
Aspect Ratio: The square of th span divided by the wing area, or for constant wing chords, simply the span divided by the chord.
Elliptical shape: A curved leading or trailing edge.
Wing Area
wing span x wing chord
Aspect Ratio
Aspect Ratio =
Span
Average Chord
Wing Area = 180 sq ft
Aspect Ratio = 7.2
Wing Area = 100 sq ft
Aspect Ratio = 25
5 ft
Average
Chord
2 ft
Average
Chord
36 ft Span
50 ft Span
Aspect Ratio
Wing Area
Planform
Example:
An airfoil with a 57% efficiency rating means that when an engine is used to give thrust, 57% of the thrust will be used to produce LIFT.
The other 43% will be used to overcome DRAG
Planform�Efficiency Rating
Thrust
Propeller
Jet
Rocket
External
Drag Parasite And Induced
Parasite Drag
Induced Drag
Parasite Drag
Induced Drag
Aerospace engineers can calculate different drags on an aircraft using these formulas.
Drag Total Drag
Components of an airplane
Empennage
(9:51
Control of Aircraft
Lateral Stability
Dihedral keeps the airplane laterally stabil
Longitudinal Stability
Left Turning Tendency
4 Left Turning Tendency
2:43
6 Turns and Load Factor
6:49
Turns and Load Factor
9 Vortices (wake turbulence)
3:58
Vortices
Ground Effect
How are computers used for airplane design?
Computational Fluid Dynamics