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Shaping the Future of Scholarly Communication: The Role of Preprint Peer Review

Jonny Coates

Associate Director ASAPbio

27th July 2023

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Despite technological advances, journal publication is taking longer than ever

Accelerating scientific publication in biology, Ronald D. Vale

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Nov 2015, 112 (44) 13439-13446; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1511912112

$6 billion, globally per year on peer review alone

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Preprints enable rapid, low cost, dissemination

Emojis by Mozilla (CC BY 4.0)

Journal 1

Journal 2

Journal 3

Private

Public

Peer Review

Submit

Revise

Manuscript

Peer reviewed paper

Community feedback, ideas, discussion

Months to years

Preprint server

<48 hrs screening process

Revise

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Preprints are...

  • Not peer reviewed by the server before posting
    • Posted rapidly
  • Versioned
    • Easily updated or corrected
  • Compatible with journals
    • Check SHERPA/ROMEO & journal website
  • Citable
    • Receive a DOI
    • Some search tools pool citations to preprints & its journal article (eg Google Scholar)
    • Many funders consider preprints evidence of productivity in grant apps & reports

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Nearly 600,000 life sciences preprints

  • millions more in other disciplines & other repositories

preprints on

New model focused on preprints

March 2021: 10.7% of monthly PubMed volume

Simons Foundation

preprint policy

& many more preprint policies

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Preprints provide flexibility for experimentation

Preprint server

Traditional publisher

Most preprints

Journal article

The future?

Fixed, rigid

Flexible, adaptable

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Authors want feedback

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Peer reviewers can act as gatekeepers…

Nick Kim CC BY 4.0

https://plos.figshare.com/articles/figure/_Image_Nick_D_Kim_/1075823/1

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…Or collaborators

Review Commons provides high-quality peer review of preprints before journal submission.

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Growth of preprint review over time

Preprints reviewed per month on Sciety, excluding reviews conducted by automated tools (ScreenIT) and reviews by journals posted after publication of the journal version. (Source: 10.31219/osf.io/cht8p)

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The preprint feedback ecosystem

Social media posts

Minimalist or freeform

Journal-like

Comments on preprint servers

Preprint feedback initiatives

Linking

and discovery

Preprints

DOI registries

Search tools

Protocols & frameworks

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Formal recognition for preprint peer review

18 doctoral schools have stated that preprints recommended by a PCI are considered the same value as articles of good quality published in journals

via Thomas Guillemaud & Denis Bourguet

Papers subjects to a ‘journal-independent standard peer review process [...] are considered by most cOAlition S organisations to be of equivalent merit and status as peer-reviewed publications that are published in a recognised journal or on a platform.”

Statement on July 6, 2022

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A publish-review-curate system based on preprints and directly supported by institutions & funders, can achieve this

“In its conclusions, the Council calls on the Commission and the member states to support policies towards a scholarly publishing model that is not-for-profit, open access and multi-format, with no costs for authors or readers.”

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Sara Monaco (EMBO)

Daniela Saderi (PREreview)

Thomas Guillemaud (Peer Community In)

Stefano Bertozzi (Rapid Reviews)

Lesley Anson (Science Colab)

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Preprint peer review

Sara Monaco, EMBO

Managing Editor

Supported by

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Why?

Accelerate access to peer reviewed research

Eliminate redundant peer review at journals

reviewed preprint

published paper

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How does it work?

preprints

Journal agnostic

peer-review

manuscript &

reviews

journal submission

reviewed preprint

+ response

published paper

revision

Journal-agnostic

Journal-compatible

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Creating synergies between open science and journal publishing

Fast dissemination of scientific findings

Efficient publishing

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Peer Community In

Communities of researchers handling the evaluation of (through peer review) and recommending preprints in their scientific field

PCI Ecology

PCI Evolutionary Biology

PCI Genomics

PCI Microbiology

etc..

etc …

contact@peercommunityin.org

https://peercommunityin.org

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PCI website

Not considered

Peer Review

3

Recommendation text & Reviews

PREPRINT server

Rejected

1

PDF

v3

v1

vn

authors deposit their preprint

authors submit their preprint

Recommended final, valid, citable article,

for free

...

2

+ data + script + code

How does it work?

contact@peercommunityin.org

https://peercommunityin.org

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Fate of PCI recommended preprints

PCI-recommended

article

Final, citable article hosted by preprint server

Peer Community Journal

Direct publication in diamond open access

PCI-friendly journals

- 42 accept with no further peer review

OR

- 38 give fast response (≤ 5-7 days) to presubmission enquiry

OR

Author’s choice to submit to

If not satisfied by the decision

Other journals

If not satisfied by the decision

OR

contact@peercommunityin.org

https://peercommunityin.org

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  • Submissions by authors
  • Data, script & codes must be shared
  • Editorial decisions (CC BY 4.0)
  • Recommendation text (CC BY 4.0)
  • A recommended preprint is a final and usable article

... but publication in a journal is possible if necessary

  • Evaluations are transferable to any journals (including 80 PCI-friendly journals)
  • PCI-recommended preprints can be directly published in Peer Community Journal (Diamond OA)
  • PCI is supported by many research institutions (more than 100 univ, libraries, national research institutes) ⇒ a secure budget for the next 10 years

Unique features

contact@peercommunityin.org

https://peercommunityin.org

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Stefano Bertozzi

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PREreview imagines more equitable and broader participation in peer review

We envision a world in which feedback to scholarly outputs is done openly, rapidly, constructively, and by a diverse global community of peers.

We want to extend the pool of peer reviewers to traditionally marginalized groups of researchers whose expertise is measured by constructive contributions and community engagement and not by seniority and prestige.

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PREreview is a community and platform for open preprint review

Open review platform where any researcher with an ORCID account can request or give constructive feedback to preprints

Peer review mentoring and training programs to train researchers on constructive peer review practices

Live-streamed preprint journal clubs to engage researchers across the world in constructive and timely discussions around preprints

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Connecting Authors, Editors, and Community Reviewers

1. Author-driven request of community reviews at the time of preprint submission.

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Connecting Authors, Editors, and Community Reviewers

2. Journal-driven request of community reviews on a manuscript/preprint submitted to the journal for review and publication.

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THANK YOU!

You can reach me at daniela@prereview.org

Sign up for our Newsletter

Join our Slack Community

I’m happy to answer any questions you have!

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