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Go to this link and watch the video:

“Study Jams: Energy & Matter”

Then answer these questions:

  1. What is energy?

  • What is the difference between potential and kinetic energy?

  • Describe a situation where an object would have potential energy transformed into kinetic energy.

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Have you ever ridden on a roller coaster? As you go up, down, and around you probably were excited, thrilled, and terrified but you didn’t think of the physics involved in your thrilling experience. Part of the physics of a roller coaster is the physics of work and energy. Work occurs when a force is applied to an object and the object moves in the same direction that the force was applied. Energy is the ability to do work or the ability to move or cause a change in matter.

The ride begins as a chain and motor (or other mechanical device) exerts a force on the cars you sit to pull it to the top of a very tall hill.

Read Part 1. Jot down notes and drawings that will help you remember the meanings of these words. You can use the sketch/scribble button on the toolbar.

Potential and Kinetic Energy – Part 1

Once you are at the top of the hill, gravity takes over and you begin your thrilling ride. Gravity is a force that pulls two objects together and here on Earth, it pulls things down. The remainder of the ride is an experience in energy transformation.

As you wait at the top of the hill, waiting to speed down, the cars possess a large quantity of potential energy. Potential energy is stored energy due to its position and depends on the mass and the height of the object. The more mass and more height, the more potential energy there is. All objects have potential energy.

Energy

Work

Potential Energy

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The roller coaster has a large amount of potential energy as it sits at the top of the hill because the height of the cars is so far above the ground. As the cars makes their first drop, they lose much of this potential energy as they lose height. The cars subsequently gain kinetic energy.

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion which is formed or caused by motion. Kinetic energy is dependent upon the mass of the object and the speed of the object. As the car careens down the hill, it gains speed but loses height.

Potential and Kinetic Energy – Part 2

The original potential energy, due to their large height, is transformed into kinetic energy, revealed by their high speeds. Throughout the ride, as you speed along, you are losing and gaining height. As the cars go up the next hill, they lose speed. Kinetic energy (speed/movement) is transformed into potential energy as the roller coaster climbs (due to height).

Read Part 2. Jot down notes and drawings that will help you remember the meanings of these words. You can use the sketch/scribble button on the toolbar.

Gravity

Kinetic Energy

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Potential and Kinetic Energy – Questions

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  1. What is the force that acts upon a rollercoaster after it reaches the top of the hill?
  1. Kinetic energy
  2. Mass
  3. Potential energy
  4. Gravity
  1. At which position does the rollercoaster have the greatest potential energy?
  1. At the top of the hill
  2. Halfway down the hill
  3. Towards the bottom of the hill
  4. At the top of a smaller hill.
  1. Another word for kinetic energy could be ___________ energy.
  1. Safe
  2. Moving
  3. Stored
  4. Potential

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Part 1

Watch the following videos. They show each ball’s reaction to being dropped.

Then answer the following questions:

  1. What force causes the balls to move?
  2. Why do the balls react differently when you drop�them together?
  3. Why would the balls eventually stop?

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PE

KE

Part 2

Gravitational Potential Energy is energy that is stored due to an object’s position above the earth.

At the greatest distance from the ground, the ball will have the most potential energy. Increasing the mass of the ball increases its gravitational potential energy.

  1. Label on the diagram the location where the ball has the greatest potential energy.

Kinetic Energy is the energy of motion.

The ball will be moving the fastest at the bottom of its drop, so it will have the most kinetic energy there.

  1. Label on the diagram the location where the ball has �the greatest kinetic energy.

The Law of Conservation of Energy says that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

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As the ball falls toward the ground, it is losing potential energy but gaining kinetic energy. This is an energy transformation.

  1. Explain what is happening to the energy at this point in the drop.
  1. After the ball has hit the ground, where would you expect to see mostly PE again?

Part 3

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Answer here

Go to:

(PHET Simulation – “Energy Skate Park: Basics”)

  • Click “Intro”.
  • In the top right, check the Pie Chart box.
  • Drop the skater onto the ramp and watch the pie chart as the skater moves.

  1. Explain your observations about the pie chart as the skater moved down, up, and off the ramp.

Your Answers:

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Part 1

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  • At the bottom of the page, switch to “Friction”.
  • Drop the skater onto the ramp and watch their motion.

  1. Explain your observations about the skater over time.

  • Adjust the “Friction” slider on the right.
  • Try the simulation with “Lots” and then “None”.

  1. What effect does friction have on the skater’s motion?

Your Answers:

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Part 2

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  • At the bottom of the page, switch to “Playground”.
  • Create a track that includes a full loop. (To create a track, drag the track pieces on the screen and adjust the angles of the pieces with the red dots.)

  1. Explain what your track needs in order for your skater to pass around the full loop. Use the terms kinetic energy and potential energy in your description.

Your Answers:

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Part 3

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Label each scenario with the type of energy that it is experiencing most.

You will not use all of the labels!

Book on a shelf

Skier at the top of a hill

Pendulum at its highest point

Stretched out rubber band

A flowing river

A meteor entering

the atmosphere

Bicycling down a ramp

A snowboarder coming down a mountain

OUTPUT STATION

Organize It!

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See the next page for help on inserting pictures into the page.

Draw a model that illustrates potential energy (PE), kinetic energy (KE), and gravity.

Be sure to label the following:

  • 100% Potential Energy
  • 100% Kinetic Energy
  • Potential Energy decreasing
  • Kinetic energy increasing
  • Force of gravity

Illustrate It!

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There are several ways to get images into these pages.

  1. Draw on your own paper. Take a picture and upload that picture to this device, OR,�
  2. Draw with an app. Open Google Draw, Paint, or any other graphics app. Draw your image, then either take a screenshot or picture of your image.

For either option, go to the “Insert” menu on the upper left corner and choose “Pictures.”

Select “This Device” and browse to the folder where you saved the picture. Click on the file name and click “Insert.”

Illustrate It!

OUTPUT STATION

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Answer here

How does energy change from potential to kinetic?

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Question 1

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Answer here

Describe a situation where you would see the transformation from potential to kinetic energy.

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Question 2

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Think of a hydropower dam.

How is electrical energy produced from potential and kinetic energy?

3.

Question 3

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Part 1

Your Answers:

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  1. What is the stored energy in an object due to its position called?
  1. Potential
  2. Gravity
  3. Kinetic
  4. Thermal
  1. How does potential energy transfer to kinetic energy?
  1. When it heats up
  2. When an object remains at rests and charges up
  3. When an outside force acts upon the object and causes it to move
  4. Potential energy cannot become kinetic energy
  1. Which is an example of kinetic energy?
  1. An apple falling from a tree
  2. A book sitting on a table
  3. A plate of hot food
  4. A parked car

OUTPUT STATION

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Part 2

Your Answers:

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Use the vocabulary words from “Read It” to complete the following sentences.

When we look around our world there are many kinds of (4)_____ (the ability to do work) that we see. (5)_____ is the energy of motion, and dependent on the mass and speed of the object. If energy is stored due to its position, then it is (6)_____, and this energy is stored energy due to the object’s position (or height). This stored energy comes from the force of (7)_____ pulling downward on the object. This force causes (8)____ to be done on an object, since the force is applied to the object and it moves in the same direction as the force.

OUTPUT STATION

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All other stations must be completed before you begin this station. Choose one or more of the activities below.

Click on the word to go to the page for that activity.

Challenge It!

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BONUS STATION

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COMIC STRIP

Imagine you are riding a roller coaster that experiences ramps, loops, and twists.

Create a comic strip with at least four panels that illustrates your experience riding this coaster.

Each panel must contain at least one illustration plus written explanation.

Use all of the words from “Read It” in your description!

Insert a picture of your comic strip here.

There are several ways to get images into these pages.

  1. Draw on your own paper. Take a picture and upload that picture to this device, OR,�
  2. Draw with Google Draw, Paint, or any other graphics app. Draw your image, then take a screenshot or a photo of your image.

Once your picture is saved, go to the “Insert” menu in the upper left corner and choose “Pictures.”

Select “This Device” and browse to the folder where you saved the picture. Click on the file name and click “Insert.”

Challenge It!

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BONUS STATION

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Type your paragraph here

INTERPRETING GRAPHS

Look at the graph below.

Write a paragraph describing a scenario that this graph would be true for.

Challenge It!

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BONUS STATION

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ACROSTIC

Create an acrostic poem using the word “transformation” that summarizes what you’ve learned in this lab about energy transforming between KE and PE.

Challenge It!

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BONUS STATION

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FLASHCARDS

Select at least 10 vocabulary words from this lab.

Create physical or digital flashcards of the vocabulary terms and definitions.

Insert a picture of your flashcards here.

There are several ways to get images into these pages.

  1. Create your flashcards on index cards. Take a picture and upload that picture to this device, OR,�
  2. Use a website like Quizlet to create digital flashcards. Then take a screenshot or a photo of your image.

Once your picture is saved, go to the “Insert” menu in the upper left corner and choose “Pictures.”

Select “This Device” and browse to the folder where you saved the picture. Click on the file name and click “Insert.”

Challenge It!

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BONUS STATION