First occupants of the territory

a. Migrations that led to the settlement

of northeastern America

b. Language families

c. First Nations and Inuit nation

d. Occupied territory

e. Ways of life

Social relationships among the Indigenous peoples

a. Matrilineal and patrilineal structures

b. Shamanic tradition

c. Child-rearing

d. Sharing of goods

e. Oral tradition

f. Gifts and counter-gifts

Decision making �among the Indigenous peoples

a. Appointment of chiefs

b. Role of chiefs and elders

Indigenous trade networks

a. Economic activities

b. Trade among nations

c. Scope of trade networks over the continent

Alliances and rivalries among the First Nations

a. System of alliances

b. Objects of rivalry

c. Wars

d. Fate of prisoners

First contacts

a. Situation in Europe

b. European explorations in America

c. European fisheries and whale hunting

d. Products traded between Indigenous peoples and Europeans

e. Perspectives of the Indigenous peoples

Exploration and occupation of the territory by the French

a. First voyages of Jacques Cartier

b. Settlement colony at Cap-Rouge

c. Other French colonization attempts in northeastern America

d. Franco-Aboriginal Alliance of 1603

Monopoly of the chartered companies

a. Privileges and obligations of chartered companies

b. Mercantilism

c. First governors

Royal Government

a. Absolutism (the divine right of kings)

b. Minister of the Marine

c. Governor

d. Military organization

e. Intendant

f. Sovereign Council

French territory in America

a. First settlements in the St. Lawrence Valley

b. Fishing territory

c. Territory claimed

d. Occupied territory

e. British possessions

f. Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1632)

First Nations warfare and diplomacy

a. Alliances with Europeans

b. Iroquois wars

c. Great Peace of Montréal

Fur trade

a. Exploitation of the resource

b. Exploration of the territory

c. Role of agents

d. Congé de traite (trade licence)

Catholic Church

a. Religious orders

b. Evangelization of Indigenous peoples

c. Social services and health care

d. Role of the bishop

e. Support and guidance for colonists

f. Establishment of parishes

Population growth

a. Social and geographic origins of immigrants

b. Settlement policy

c. Filles du Roy

d. Natural increase

Cities in Canada

a. Land use

b. Urban population

c. Slavery

d. Administrative and cultural centre

e. Public square

Seigneurial system

a. Social organization

b. Territorial organization

c. Social diversity of seigneurs

d. Daily life

Economic diversification

a. Obstacles to economic diversification

b. Measures taken by intendants

c. Agricultural activities

d. Artisanal work

e. Triangular trade

Adaptation of the colonists

a. European cultural footprint

b. Geographical distance from the mother country

c. Acclimatization

d. Relations with Indigenous peoples

Indigenous populations

a. Domiciliés

b. Acculturation

c. Métissage

d. Susceptibility to infectious diseases

Intercolonial wars

a. Colonial empires

b. Objects of colonial rivalries

c. Power relations

d. Treaty of Utrecht

e. Seven Years’ War

War of the Conquest

a. Clashes in Ohio

b. Deportation of the Acadians

c. Capture of Louisbourg

d. British advance in the St. Lawrence Valley

e. Siege of Québec

f. Battle of the Plains of Abraham

g. Battle of Sainte-Foy

h. Canadian militia

Military regime

a. Capitulation of Montréal

b. Emigration of Canadiens

c. Reconstruction of the colony

d. Military administration of the colony

e. Conditions imposed on the Canadiens

Royal Proclamation

a. Treaty of Paris (1763)

b. Political, legal and administrative structures

c. Territory of the Province of Quebec

d. Territorial rights of Indians

e. Other British colonies in North America

Status of Indians

a. Pontiac’s revolt

b. Indian Department

c. First Nations’ demands

Instructions to Governor Murray

a. Establishment of civil government

b. Assimilation of the Canadiens

c. Test Act

d. Concessions made to the Canadiens

Protest movements

a. Interest groups

b. Purposes of the petitions

Quebec Act

a. Religion and civil rights

b. Executive, legislative and judicial powers

c. Role of the governor

d. Reactions of various groups

e. Territory of the Province of Quebec

American invasion

a. Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts)

b. Letters to the Canadiens

c. Occupation of Montréal and siege of Québec

d. Declaration of Independence of the United States

e. Territory of the Province of Quebec and the United States after the Treaty of Paris (1783)

f. Migration of Indigenous populations

Loyalists

a. Living conditions of the migrants

b. Loyalist settlements

Colonial economy

a. British economic policy

b. Control by British merchants

c. Fur trade

d. Agricultural production

e. Fisheries

Sociodemographic situation

a. British immigration

b. Acadian refugees

c. Composition of the population

d. Use of the French language

e. Natural increase of the Canadiens

f. Canadien professional bourgeoisie

Catholic Church

a. Clergy

b. Religious orders

c. Schools

d. Hospitals

Anglican Church

a. Places of worship

b. Schools

Constitutional Act

a. Legislative Assembly and Legislative Council

b. Governor and Executive Council

c. Right to vote and eligibility of men and women

d. Territories of Lower Canada and Upper Canada

Parliamentary debates

a. Authority of the governor

b. Subjects debated in the Legislative Assembly

c. Political parties

Nationalisms

a. Linguistic duality

b. British nationalism

c. Canadien nationalism

Liberal and republican ideas

a. National liberation movements in the Western world

b. Political liberalism

c. Republicanism

d. Newspapers

Population

a. Composition of the population in Lower Canada and Upper Canada

b. Population growth in Lower Canada and Upper Canada

c. Social groups

d. Indian agents

e. Abolition of slavery

Rebellions of 1837-1838

a. The 92 Resolutions

b. The Russell Resolutions

c. Popular assemblies

d. The colonial state’s repressive measures

e. Upper and lower Catholic clergy

f. Armed conflict

g. Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada

h. Suspension of the constitution

i. Rebellions in Upper Canada

Capital and infrastructure

a. Founding of banks

b. Construction of roads and bridges

c. Construction of canals

d. Construction of railways

Agriculture

a. Organization of the territory

b. Corn Laws

c. Intensive wheat farming

d. Crisis of the 1830s

Fur trade

a. Expansion of fur territories

b. Fur market

c. Merger of companies

Timber trade

a. Preferential tariffs

b. Continental Blockade

c. Wood processing

d. Shipbuilding

e. Trades

f. Timberland

Migratory movements

a. Social and economic conditions in Great Britain

b. Epidemics and quarantine

c. Places of settlement of immigrants

d. Emigration to the United States

e. Migration to cities

f. Regions of colonization

British-American War of 1812

a. Alliance with First Nations

b. Catholic Church

c. Participation of the Canadiens

Anglican Church

a. Diocese of Québec

b. Bishop’s participation in the Councils

c. Clergy Reserves

d. Free public schools

Durham Report

a. Exercise of power

b. “Racial crisis”

c. Union of the two Canadas

d. Assimilation of the Canadiens

e. Responsible government

Act of Union

a. Socio-political and economic context

b. Political structure

c. Administrative provisions

d. Territory of the Province of Canada

Colonial economy

a. Adoption of free trade by the United Kingdom

b. Reciprocity Treaty with the United States

Responsible government

a. Alliance of Reformers

b. Functioning of responsible government

c. Ministerial instability

Indian Affairs

a. Creation of Indian reserves in Lower Canada

b. Catholic and Protestant missions

c. Indian Act

British North America Act

a. Great Coalition

b. Conferences

c. Structure of Canadian federalism

d. Territory of the Dominion of Canada

Federal-provincial relations

a. Areas of jurisdiction

b. Revenue sharing

c. Interprovincial conference

d. Métis uprisings

e. Catholic schools outside Québec

National Policy

a. Economic crisis of 1873

b. Tariff policy

c. Canadian Pacific transcontinental railway

d. Settling of the West

Migrations

a. Rural exodus

b. Emigration to the United States

c. Opening up of regions for colonization

d. Transatlantic immigration

Role of women

a. Legal and political status

b. Sectors of activity

c. Women’s religious communities

d. English-speaking women’s organizations

Presence of the Catholic Church

a. Ultramontanism

b. Anticlericalism

c. Nationalism of survival

d. Denominational dualism of social institutions

Socio-cultural expression

a. Patriotic works

b. Emergence of women’s literature

c. Higher education

First phase of industrialization

a. Industrial capitalism

b. Eastern continental transportation network

c. Production sectors

d. Division of labour

e. Living and working conditions of men, women and children

f. Workers’ movement

g. Urbanization

Forestry industry

a. Forestry regions

b. Lumber industry

Farms

a. Dairy production

b. Mechanization

c. Seigneurial rights

Canada’s status in the British Empire

a. Imperialism

b. French-Canadian nationalism

c. Canadian military support

d. Statute of Westminster

Clerico-nationalism

a. L’Action française

b. Programme de restauration sociale

c. Role of the French-speaking population in the economy

Canada’s domestic policy

a. Liberal era

b. Taxation powers

c. French-Catholic minority

d. Governance of First Nations and Inuit nation populations

e. Canada’s territory

Second phase of industrialization

a. Natural resources

b. Manufacturing and domestic production

c. War industry

d. Monopoly capitalism

e. Foreign investment

f. Role of the state

g. Trade

Urban areas

a. Public health

b. Infrastructure

c. Services

Mass culture

a. Radio

b. Cinema

c. Romans du terroir (novels of rural life)

d. Professional sports

e. Cabarets

Women’s struggles

a. Access to education

b. Labour market

c. Legal recognition

d. Right to vote and to stand for election

Union movement

a. American and Catholic unions

b. Strikes

c. Labour legislation

Catholic Church

a. Numerical strength of the clergy

b. Moral and cultural influence

c. Cooperatives

Education and technical training

a. School attendance of francophones and anglophones

b. Legislation

c. Education of boys and girls

d. Improvement of agricultural practices

Migration flows

a. Ethnic origins of immigrants

b. Support measures for new immigrants

c. Immigration controls

d. Rise of xenophobia

First World War

a. European national interests

b. Wartime government

c. Conscription crisis

d. War effort of men and women

e. Soldiers’ civil re-establishment

f. League of Nations

Great Depression

a. Stock market crash of 1929

b. Socio-economic problems

c. Colonization

d. Federal and provincial government measures

Challenging capitalism

a. Keynesianism

b. Socio-political ideologies

Second World War

a. European political and economic climate

b. Wartime government

c. Conscription plebiscite

d. War effort of men and women

e. Demobilization

Power relations in the West

a. Cold War

b. Canadian sovereignty in the Arctic

c. Social struggles in the United States and France

Urban agglomeration

a. Suburbs

b. Infrastructure

Natural growth

a. Baby boom

b. Falling birth rate

c. Birth rate of the Indigenous population

New arrivals

a. Cultural communities

b. Creation of the Ministère de l’Immigration du Québec (Immigration Department)

c. Welcoming refugees

Regional development

a. Modernization of agriculture

b. Protection of agricultural land

c. Exploitation of natural resources

Canadian federation

a. Federal social programs

b. Continentalization of the economy

c. Laurendeau-Dunton Commission

d. Constitutional negotiations

Indian residential schools in Québec

a. Indian residential school system in Canada

b. Socio-institutional organizaton

c. Educational activities

Consumer society

a. Influence of American culture

b. Advertising

c. Increased purchasing power

Duplessis era

a. Economic liberalism

b. Social conservatism

c. Provincial autonomy

d. Clericalism

e. Funding of education and health

f. Opposition

Neo-nationalism

a. Decolonization movement

b. Territorial identity

c. The indépendantiste movement

d. Creation of the Parti Québécois

Quiet Revolution

a. Progressive economic and social measures

b. Creation of government departments and state-owned corporations

c. Reform of democratic institutions

d. Protection of the French language

e. Human rights and freedoms

f. Québec delegations abroad

g. Secularization

Feminism

a. Legal gains

b. Economic independence

c. Sexual and reproductive rights

d. Non-traditional occupations and professional activities

Socio-cultural vitality

a. French-language songs

b. Emergence of Québec theatre

c. Cultural venues

d. Diversity of cultural events and cultural expression

Self-determination of Indigenous nations

a. Land claims and political demands

b. Recognition of ancestral rights

c. Statement of the Government of Canada on Indian Policy

d. Governance

Employer-union relations

a. Unionization of state employees

b. Conflicts

c. Common fronts

d. Social and political action by the unions

Redefinition of the state’s role

a. Neo-liberal policies

b. Funding of social programs

c. Social economy

d. Civil society

e. Public consultations

f. State neutrality

Indigenous rights

a. Constitution Act, 1982

b. Oka crisis

c. Agreements and conventions

d. Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada

Globalization of the economy

a. Québec Inc.

b. Free trade agreements

c. Export sectors

Québec’s political status

a. Referendum on sovereignty-association

b. Patriation of the Constitution

c. Meech Lake Accord

d. Bélanger-Campeau Commission

e. Allaire Report

f. Charlottetown Accord

g. Referendum on sovereignty

h. Post-referendum action

Sociodemographic change

a. Aging of the population

b. Family policy

c. Ethnocultural identity

d. Public health

e. Living conditions of Indigenous peoples throughout Québec

Gender equality

a. Pay equity

b. Parity

c. Work-family balance

Cultural industry

a. Funding of culture

b. Dissemination of culture

c. Cultural policy

Language issue

a. Language of signage

b. Language of instruction

c. Indigenous languages

Environmental concerns

a. Monitoring environmental standards

b. Resource exploitation

Devitalization of communities

a. Single-industry towns

b. Local services

c. Migratory movements

d. Next generation of farmers

e. Political weight

International relations

a. Representation in international organizations and conferences

b. Economic missions

c. Canadian army missions abroad

Information era

a. Internet use

b. 24-hour news cycle

c. Integration and concentration of mass media