Informed Consent

MANDATORY REPORTS ARE STILL REQUIRED FOR:

IF YOU’D LIKE THERAPY:

THIS ISN’T THERAPY:

Even though there are trained mental health providers here, it’s important to keep this an educational setting

Contact your PCP to make an appointment with a behavioral health provider

Threats of imminent harm toward anyone, �or any abuse of a child or vulnerable adult

Expectations

• Behavior Overview

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• Needs

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• Positive Reinforcement

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• Reinforcement Schedules

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• Questions & Answers

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• Additional Resources

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(Polly Bath, 2020)

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

• A model for thinking about needs

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• Helps us match behavior to getting those needs met

(Kaufman, 2024)

Hierarchy of Needs: Physiological

• Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)
• Eating
• Drinking
• Using the Bathroom
• Hygiene
• Sleep

(Libretexts, 2023; Kaufman, 2024)

Hierarchy of Needs: Safety

• Hazards outside the home
• Weather
• Animals
• Other people

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• Hazards inside the home
• Tripping/falling
• Ingesting
• Utilities

(Libretexts, 2023; Kaufman, 2024)

Hierarchy of Needs: Love, Social, & Belonging

• Tools to show this
• Patience
• Kindness
• Understanding (not always agreement)
• Dependability

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• Ways to cultivate this
• Active Listening
• Encouraging playing with peers
• Being mostly consistent

(Libretexts, 2023; Kaufman, 2024)

Hierarchy of Needs: Esteem

• Not the same as belonging
• Being in the group is good
• Knowing the group respects you is important too

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• Self-esteem too
• Behavior is not identity �(no “bad kids”)
• Help to recognize strengths
• Being a good loser
• Encourage independence

(Libretexts, 2023; Kaufman, 2024)

Hierarchy of Needs: Self-Actualization

(Libretexts, 2023; Kaufman, 2024)

• Being OUR best
• Achieving one’s own goals
• Helping to achieve the group’s goals

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Hierarchy of Needs: Examples

• How have you seen your child�trying to get their needs met?

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• Can you think of any other needs?
• To learn (cognitive needs)
• For beauty (aesthetic needs)
• To help others (transcendence)

(Kaufman, 2024; Simply Psychology, 2024)

Reinforcement

Content

Let’s Start with

a Simpler Model

(Blomster, 2018)

Positive

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= Adding Something

How does it�look for parents?

(Oquendo, n.d.)

• Why do you think we focus on positive reinforcement?

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• What reinforces your daily behaviors?

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• How have you successfully used positive reinforcement in the past?

Hot Seat

(AI-generated image, courtesy of Picsart)

Extinction Burst

• Watch out!

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• Behavior can get worse before it gets better

!

(Lagorio, 2013)

Reinforcement Schedule: Fixed Ratio

• Ratio schedules are when the reinforcement (reward) is provided after your child demonstrated a skill or behavior

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• Fixed means that it’s very consistent

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• A 1:1 fixed ratio is also called a continuous schedule

Buy One

Get One

--- FREE ---

(Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, n.d.)

Reinforcement Schedule: Variable Ratio

• In a variable ratio schedule, the number of behaviors between rewards is inconsistent

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• Moving from a continuous to a less consistent intermittent reinforcement schedule is called reinforcement fading.

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• This can be used so your child learns to use the skill without the reinforcers

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(Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, n.d.)

Reinforcement Schedule: Fixed Interval

• Interval schedules are when the reinforcement (reward) is provided after a certain amount of time passes after demonstrating the behavior

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• A fixed interval uses the same amount of time in between the behavior and the reinforcer

(Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, n.d.)

Reinforcement Schedule: Variable Interval

• A variable interval schedule is when the reinforcement is provided after an inconsistent amount of time passes

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• This could be “about 10 minutes,” and end up being a little more or a little less

(Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, n.d.)

Q&A

(Digital Storm, n.d.)

Additional Resource:��Pocket PCIT

Additional Resource:��Pocket PCIT

��Additional Resource:��Reinforcement Schedule Examples

(Bypass Publishing, 2013)

References

Blomster, E. (2018, September 14). Operant learning vs clicker training vs ”traditional” training [Consequences.jpg image file]. Retrieving for All Occasions. https://www.retrievingforalloccasions.com/operant-learning-vs-clicker-training-vs-traditional-training/

Bypass Publishing. (2013, October 13). Learning: Schedules of Reinforcement [Video]. https://youtu.be/GLx5yl0sxeM?feature=shared

Digital Storm. (n.d.) ANY-QUESTIONS-PNG-7.JPG [image file]. https://clipground.com/pics/get

Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute. (n.d.). Step 1.7: Select a schedule of reinforcement. https://asdtoddler.fpg.unc.edu/reinforcement/implementation-steps/positive-reinforcement/step-1-planning-ebp/step-17-select-schedul.html 

Kaufman, S. B. (2024, February 20). Who created Maslow’s iconic pyramid? Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/beautiful-minds/who-created-maslows-iconic-pyramid/

Lagorio, C. (2013, May 12). Extinction Burst [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/rKrh5uytRKY?feature=shared 

Libretexts. (2023, February 6). 4.2: Maslow’s hierarchy of needs applied to children. Medicine LibreTexts. https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Allied_Health/�Foundations_for_Assisting_in_Home_Care_(McLain_O%27Hara-Leslie_and_Wade)/04%3A_Working_with_Children/4.02%3A_Maslows_Hierarchy_of_Needs_�Applied_to_Children 

Oquendo, C. (2019, October 4). Photo of Family Standing Outdoors During Golden Hour. https://www.pexels.com/photo/photo-of-family-standing-outdoors-during-golden-hour-3030090/

Polly Bath. (2020, July 24). Every Behavior Meets a Need! [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kvFhDnFmKVM

Simply Psychology. (2024, January 24). Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. https://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html#The-expanded-hierarchy-of-needs