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(+)
I am a student.
She writes a poem.
My brothers run fast.
Hardin goes to work.
It is your pencil.
We study English here.

(-)
I am not a student.
She does not write a poem.
My brothers do run fast.
Hardin does not go to work.
It is not your pencil.
We don’t study English here.

(?)
Am I a student?
Does she write a poem?
Do my brothers run fast?
Does Hardin go to work?
Is it your pencil?
Do we study English here?

Examples

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A. Simple Present Tense (Present Simple)

FORMULAS
(+)	S + V1 (s/es) + O + …
	S + to be (is/am/are) + adj/adv/noun + …
(-)	S + do/does (not) + V1 + O + …
	S + to be (is/am/are) not + adj/adv/noun + …
(?)	Do/does + S + V1 + O + … ?
	To be + S + adj/adv/noun + … ?

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B. The Simple Present Tense

to be
I	am
You	are
He	is
She
It
We	are
You
They

to be
I	have
You
He	has
She
It
We	have
You
They

to be
I	do
You
He	does
She
It
We	do
You
They

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C. Possessive (‘s / s’)

Possessive is used to mention something or someone that belongs to others. It is to show people that things or someone is connected to that person. It also comes after a noun.

Examples:

Katy’s family = It means family (noun) that belongs to Katy (the person).
My father’s car = It means car (noun) that belongs to my father (the person).

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When something or someone belongs to more than one person, put (‘s) on the last name.

Examples:

Nina and Katy’s cat = It means cat (noun) that belongs to Nina and Katy (>1 person).
Sara and Laura’s brother = It means brother (noun) of Sara and Laura (>1 person).

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When something or someone belongs to a person whose name ends with –s, put (‘) after the name.

Examples:

Anis’ phone = It means phone (noun) that belongs to Anis.
My sisters’ school = It means school (noun) where my sisters study.

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Other examples:

Yuda’s bicycle
Jim and Dan’s toy
Elis’ bed
School’s library

My aunt and uncle’s money
My parents’ son
Mother’s bag

Faris’ picture
My cousin’s book
The cat and dog’s house
My turtles’ food

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D. Possessive Adjectives

Possessive adjective is used to show who owns/possess something or someone. It is located before a noun.

Subject	Possessive Adjective	Example
I	My	My mother buys me this bag in that store.
You	Your	Your house is very beautiful.
He (Iko, Dion)	His	Iko borrows his pencil.
She (Mary, Jane)	Her	Jane shows me her new bike.
It (Cat, bird)	Its	The cat bites its own children.
We (Mary and I)	Our	We start our picnic at 8 a.m. Mary and I go to our school together.
They (The doctors)	Their	They have their lunch in the classroom. The doctors come to their hospital by bike.

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his cat

Examples

her cat

their cat

This is my pet cat Miu.

Your cat is grey.

We always take care of our cats.

source: freepik.com/brgfx

source: freepik.com/redgreystock

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Summary

The Simple Present Tense

1. We use simple present tense for things that happen regularly or are normally true.

Example:

They play games in the afternoon.
We live in Italy.
He speaks three languages.
She goes to school by bus.

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2. The simple present tenses uses the base form of the verb. With third person singular subject (he, she, it) when we use an –s ending.

Example:

I ride a bike.
My friends stay in a beach house.
He rides a bike.
My father works in a hotel.

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If verbs ends with o, sh, ch, ss or x, we add –es.

go – goes

watch – watches

wash – washes

fix – fixes

Example:

She goes to school.
He washes his car.

If a verb ends with consonant –y, we change the y to I and add –es.

fly – flies

cry – cries

study – studies

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3. We form the negative with don’t (do not) or doesn’t (does not) + base form of the verb

I don’t like durians.
My nephews don’t live in Oxford.
He doesn’t like volleyball.
Jeff doesn’t live in Jakarta

4. We form questions Do or Does + base form of the verb.

Do you like the colour red?
Do we understand her explanation?
Does Adiba ride a bike?
Does he read a novel?
Does the hotel have a swimming pool?

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Possessive ’s

1. We put ‘s after a noun to say who is something belongs to.

Diba’s cat
My brother’s car
Sue’s family
the dog’s ball
Anita’s house

2. We don’t usually say the cat of Diba, the car of my brother, etc.

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Possessive Adjectives

1. Here is a list of possessive adjectives

2. We use these adjectives before a noun to say to whom something belongs to.

My bag is big.
His house is near a beach.
I like her new book.
This is our room.
Are they your parents?
The cat likes to lick its fur.
Do they ride their bike to school?

Subject pronoun	I	you	we	he	she	it	they
Possessive adjectives	my	your	our	his	her	its	their